UNIT1 Period 4 Using Language-【优化探究】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册同步导学案配套课件（人教版2019）

选择性必修第一册 UNIT 1　PEOPLE　OF ACHIEVEMENT Period 4　Using Language 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 细读文本 落实要素 单元写作 能力提升 细读文本 落实要素 Part 1　教材原文助读   ①numerous /'njuːmərəs/ adj.众多的；许多的 ②the general theory of relativity广义相对论 theory /'θIəri/ n．[U]理论；[C，U]学说 in theory理论上，按理说 relativity /ˌrelə'tIvəti/ n．[U]相对论；相对性 ③formula /'fɔːmjələ/ n．[C]公式；方程式；配方 ④genius /'dʒiːniəs/ n．[C]天才人物(pl.geniuses)；[U]天才；天资；天赋；[sing.](特别的)才能，本领 have a genius for...有……的才能 ⑤courageous adj.勇敢的，无畏的 courage n．[U]勇气，无畏，胆量 ⑥gentle /'dʒentl/ adj.温柔的；文静的 ⑦enter university考入大学 ⑧the entrance exam入学考试 ⑨patent /'peItnt; 'pætnt/ n．[C，U]专利；专利证书；获得专利 adj.有专利的；受专利保护的 ⑩out of(表示原因)因为，由于 ⑪passion /'pæʃn/ n．[C]酷爱；[C，U]激情 the passion for sth.对某事/物的酷爱 ⑫doctorate /'dɒktərət/ n．[C]博士学位 a bachelor's degree学士学位 a master's degree硕士学位 ⑬extraordinary /Ik'strɔːdnri；NAmE Ik'strɔːdəneri/ adj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的 extraordinary achievements卓越的成就 ⑭gradually /'ɡrædʒuəli/ adv.逐渐地；逐步地 gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的，渐进的 ⑮enter vt.开始从事 enter research开始研究 ⑯photoelectric /ˌfəʊtəʊI'lektrIk/ adj.光电的 ⑰come to power (开始)掌权；上台 ⑱institution /ˌInstI'tjuːʃn/ n．[C]社会公共机构；制度；习俗 institute /'InstItjuːt/ n．[C](教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑 a research institute一个研究所 ⑲consequence /'kɒnsIkwəns/ n．[C]结果；后果 as a consequence因此，结果 ⑳take up a position担任；任职 take up开始从事 ㉑moustache (especially US mustache) /mə'stɑːʃ；NAmE 'mʌstæʃ/ n．[C]上唇的胡子；髭 ㉒stand on end竖立起来 ㉓peculiarity /pIˌkjuːli'ærəti/ n．[C]个性；特点；怪异的性质 作“个性，特点”讲时，其近义词为characteristic。 ㉔encounter /In'kaʊntə(r)/ vt.偶然碰到；遇到 n．[C]邂逅；遭遇 ㉕mistake...for...把……错当成…… ㉖pass away去世 ㉗mourn /mɔːn/ vt.& vi.哀悼；忧伤 mourn for sb.向某人表示哀悼 THE MAN WHO CHANGED OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE UNIVERSE Albert Einstein，who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics，is often considered one of the smartest men who ever lived.He made numerous① contributions to the world，the most well-known being the general theory of relativity② and the famous formula③ E＝mc2.Einstein was not only a genius④；he was a courageous⑤and kind figure loved by many people. 画线部分为独立主格结构，being的逻辑主语为the most well-known (contributions)。 This gentle⑥ genius was born in Germany on 14 March 1879.When he was 16，he tried to enter university⑦ in Switzerland，but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam⑧，despite obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics.After studying for another year，he managed to pass the exam，entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900. 此处为现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。 After two years of looking for work as a teacher，Einstein took a job as a clerk in the Swiss patent⑨ office.While working there，out of⑩ a strong passion⑪ for knowledge，he continued to study，earning a doctorate⑫ in physics in 1905.That same year，which was later recorded as a miracle year in science，he published four extraordinary⑬ physics papers.Following this，he gradually⑭ became famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton.After four years，he was able to quit his job at the patent office and enter⑮ research full-time at a university.In 1922，he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric⑯ effect. 此处为“连词＋现在分词”构成的省略结构，将句子补全为While he was working there。 Circumstances changed in 1933，when Hitler came to power⑰ in Germany.Einstein，who was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions⑱ closed to him.As a consequence⑲，he had to flee Germany.After spending time in Europe，he finally took up a position⑳ as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton，USA.Following that，he continued to make great achievements in physics and mathematics. 画线部分为“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，closed to him是过去分词短语作宾语补足语。 To the public，he was seen as a slightly odd-looking but kind and funny man.He had a thick moustache㉑ and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end㉒ as though he had just received an electric shock.Although he was a genius，he sometimes forgot things，like his friends' birthdays.But despite his peculiarities㉓，he was loved by his friends and neighbours.There is even a story about how he helped a little girl who knocked on his door and asked for help with her homework.In fact，Einstein often encountered㉔ people on the street who would stop him and ask him to help explain things.After many such occasions，he finally started saying，“Pardon me! Sorry! Always I am mistaken for㉕ Professor Einstein！” 此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰long white hair，which在从句中作主语。在该定语从句中，as though引导的方式状语从句使用了虚拟语气，谓语为had done (表示与过去事实相反的情况)。 On 18 April 1955，it was reported that Einstein had passed away㉖，and the whole world mourned㉗ the great loss of a brilliant scientist. 改变了我们对宇宙认知的人 阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦也许是现代物理学中最伟大的科学家，他经常被认为是有史以来最聪明的人之一。他为世界做出了许多贡献，最为知名的是广义相对论和著名的E＝mc2公式。爱因斯坦不仅是一位天才，也是一位勇敢善良的人，深受许多人的爱戴。 这位温柔的天才于1879年3月14日出生在德国。16岁时，他试图考入瑞士的大学，尽管在数学和物理上取得了优异的成绩，但由于其入学考试的综合部分分数很低而失败。又学习了一年之后，他设法通过了考试，1896年进入大学，1900年毕业。 在找了两年的教师工作后，爱因斯坦找到了一份在瑞士专利局做文书的工作。当(爱因斯坦)在那里工作时，出于对知识的强烈热爱，他继续学习，在1905年获得了物理学博士学位。同年，也就是后来被记录为科学奇迹的那一年，他发表了四篇卓越的物理学论文。此后，他逐渐以新艾萨克·牛顿的身份闻名于世。四年后，他辞去了专利局的工作，进入一所大学开始从事全职研究。1922年，他因解释光电效应被授予了1921年诺贝尔物理学奖。 1933年希特勒在德国掌权时，形势发生了变化。身为一个犹太人，爱因斯坦发现学术机构的大门对他紧闭。结果，他不得不逃离德国。在欧洲待了一段时间后，他最终在美国的普林斯顿高等研究院担任研究员。之后，他继续在物理和数学领域取得了巨大成就。 在公众看来，他是一个外表略显古怪但又和蔼可亲、风趣幽默的人。他胡须浓密，头发又长又白，有时会像刚遭了电击似的竖起来。他虽然是个天才，但有时会忘记一些事情，比如他朋友的生日。他尽管有怪异之处，但还是受到朋友和邻居们的喜爱。甚至有个故事讲述了他如何帮助一个上门请求他帮忙做家庭作业的小女孩。事实上，爱因斯坦经常在街上遇到一些人，他们会拦住他，让他帮忙解释一些事情。经过很多次这样的情况后，他最终开始说：“对不起！对不起！我总是被误认为是爱因斯坦教授！” 据报道，1955年4月18日，爱因斯坦去世了，全世界都为这位伟大科学家的逝世而哀悼。 Part 2　语篇研析 Activity 1　文章架构 1．Match the main idea of each paragraph. Para.1　 A．His odd looks，three anecdotes(轶事) and personality(forgetfulness，love，humour). Para.2 B．Death. Para.3　 C．Work experience (the road to the new Isaac Newton). Para.4　D．Birth，early life and education. Para.5　E．Turbulent (动荡的) mid-life. Para.6　F.Introduction (mainly about his great contributions and personal qualities). 答案：Para.1　F；Para.2　D；Para.3　C；Para.4　E； Para.5　A；Para.6　B 2．What type of writing is this text? A．Exposition. B．Biography. C．Argumentation. D．Practical writing. 答案：B 3．How does the writer develop the text? A．By time order. B．By space order. C．By analyzing cause and effect. D．By using specific figures. 答案：A 4．What is the structure of the text？(P＝Paragraph) 答案：B Activity 2　细节把握 1．In which field did Albert Einstein make great achievements? A．Music.　　　　　　　 B．Medicine. C．Physics. D．Chemistry. 答案：C 2．When did Einstein publish four extraordinary physics papers? A．In 1896. B．In 1900. C．In 1905. D．In 1922. 答案：C 3．Why was Einstein awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics? A．Because he was recognized to be a miracle then. B．Because he had four physics papers published. C．Because he became just as famous as Newton. D．Because he explained the photoelectric effect. 答案：D 4．What happened to Einstein in 1933? A．He came to power in Germany. B．He was forced to leave Germany. C．He moved to Europe for his degree. D．He refused to work as a researcher in the US. 答案：B Activity 3　读写一体 1．本文的第一段可作为名人传记首段行文的模板： Sb.，who...，is often considered...He/She made numerous contributions to the world，the most well-known being the... [情境迁移]　爱迪生是人类历史上的一个传奇人物，经常被认为是当今世界最伟大的发明家。他为世界做出了许多贡献，最为知名的是电灯的发明。 ________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Edison，who is a legendary figure in human history，is often considered the greatest inventor in the modern world.He made numerous contributions to the world，the most well-known being the invention of the electric light. 2．教材原句：He had a thick moustache and long white hair，which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock． 仿写：Jenny朝我们走了过来，她有一双微笑的蓝眼睛，留着一头金发，穿着一身有光泽的白色连衣裙，就好像刚从童话世界里走出来似的。 Jenny came up to us，with smiling blue eyes and blonde hair and in a shiny white dress，______________________________________ _______________________. as though she had just stepped out of the fairy-tale world 单元写作 能力提升 写作一　应用文写作——如何写人物介绍   本单元的写作任务是描述一个人物，即通过文字对人物的外貌、个性以及主要事迹和贡献进行描述和说明。 [篇章结构] [常用表达] 1．人物性格：diligent 勤奋的；outgoing 外向的；committed 尽心尽力的，坚定的；enthusiastic 热情的；warm-hearted 热心的；considerate 体贴的；generous 慷慨的；strong-willed 意志坚强的 2．特长和爱好：be good at 擅长；have a gift/talent for 对……有天赋；be keen on 热衷于；be fond of 喜欢；have a passion for酷爱……；have a great interest in 对……非常感兴趣 3．教育背景：be admitted to/into...被……录取；graduate from 毕业于；obtain a bachelor's/master's/doctor's degree in...获得……的学士/硕士/博士学位；major in 主修；go abroad for further study出国深造 4．经历和事迹：work on 从事；serve as担任；take up a position 担任，任职；spare no effort to do sth.不遗余力地做某事；devote oneself to/be devoted to 致力于；fight for 为……而奋斗；make up one's mind to do sth.下定决心做某事；overcome numerous difficulties 克服无数的困难 5．评价：be one of the best/most important figures 是最好/最重要的人物之一；set a good example to 给……树立好榜样；be the pride of...是……的骄傲；make great contributions to...为……做出巨大贡献；be regarded/considered as...被认为是……；speak/think highly of 高度评价 [增分靓句] 第一段：开门见山，指出要介绍的人物的一些个人信息 1．Known as a famous medical scientist in the Ming Dynasty, Li Shizhen was born in 1518. 李时珍出生于1518年，是一位明代著名的医药学家。 2．He had a gift for writing and made up his mind to become a writer when he grew up. 他有写作的天赋，并决心长大后要成为一名作家。 第二段：个人的成长经历以及取得的成就 1．He/She studied at a local high school and graduated from Beijing University. 他/她曾就读于当地的一所高中，毕业于北京大学。 2．Li Shizhen wrote a book called Ben Cao Gang Mu, which is a collection of Chinese herbs including over 1，800 Chinese herbs with millions of characters. 李时珍著有《本草纲目》一书，这是一本中草药的集锦，收录了1 800多种中草药，有数百万字。 3．In order to finish the task, he visited mountains, called on ordinary people, tasted different kinds of herbs and even did experiments by himself. 为了完成这项任务，他遍访了大山，拜访了普通人，品尝各种药草，甚至亲自做实验。 4．It took him 37 years to finish the task, and his book is considered to be a great contribution to the development of Chinese medicine. 他花了37年才完成这一任务，他的书被认为对中医药的发展做出了巨大贡献。 5．He got an award in 1998 for having played an important part in scientific research. 由于在科学研究中发挥了重要作用，他于1998年获奖。 6．After graduating from Xi'an Jiaotong University, he received a doctor's degree in computer science. 从西安交通大学毕业后，他获得了计算机科学博士学位。 7．Madame Curie made great contributions to the development of science, which paved the way for further research. 居里夫人对科学的发展做出了巨大的贡献，为进一步的研究铺平了道路。 8．She devoted her whole life to scientific research and her scientific findings benefited people all over the world. 她毕生致力于科学研究，并且她的科学成果造福了全世界的人们。 第三段：总结概括人物形象 1．Such is Tom, a simple man who has made great achievements in his field. 这就是汤姆，一个在他的领域里取得了巨大成就的简朴的人。 2．His story tells us that we should value what we have and try our best to overcome any difficulty in life. 他的故事告诉我们，我们应该珍惜我们所拥有的，尽我们最大的努力克服生活中的任何困难。 3．She will live on in our hearts forever. 她将永远活在我们的心中。 请根据以下内容写一篇80词左右的文章，介绍中国科学家钱学森。其主要经历： 1．1911年出生于上海，后赴美留学； 2．在美国获航空、数学博士学位； 3．克服了重重困难，于1955年回到祖国； 4．长期从事航空航天研究工作，为中国的航天事业做出了巨大贡献，被誉为“中国航天之父”； 5．2009年于北京去世。 参考词汇：航天航空科学技术aerospace science and technology [审题谋篇] 第一步　审题构思 第二步　核心词汇 1．________________ 被认为是 2．________________ 进修；深造 3．_________________________ 获得某人的博士学位 4．________________ 献身于 5．________________ 去世 6．__________________________ 对……做出巨大贡献 be regarded as further study obtain one's doctor's degree devote oneself to pass away make great contributions to 第三步　由词扩句 1．钱学森1911年出生于上海。他被誉为“中国航天之父”。 Qian Xuesen ________________ in Shanghai.He ________________ _____________ China's space program. 2．钱学森赴美深造，在美国获航空、数学博士学位。 Qian Xuesen ______________________________ and ___________ ____________________ in aerospace science and mathematics in the US. was born in 1911 was regarded as the father of went to America for further study obtained his doctor's degree 3．虽然有很多困难，但他于1955年成功回到祖国。 He ________________________________ his homeland in 1955 though there were many difficulties. 4．他致力于航空航天科学技术，为中国的航天事业做出了巨大贡献。 He ____________________ aerospace science and technology and made great contributions to the cause of China's aerospace. succeeded in coming back to devoted himself to 5．2009年他于北京去世。 He ________________________________． 6．毫无疑问，他被认为是世界上最著名的科学家之一。 ________________________________________ one of the most famous scientists in the world. 7．他得到了中国人民的尊敬和钦佩。 He ______________________________________ from Chinese people. passed away in Beijing in 2009 There is no doubt that he is regarded as has received the respect and admiration 第四步　句式升级 用过去分词短语改写第三步中的句1 ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ Qian Xuesen, regarded as the father of China's space program, was born in 1911 in Shanghai. [妙笔成篇] Qian Xuesen, regarded as the father of China's space program, was born in 1911 in Shanghai. Qian went to America for further study and obtained his doctor's degree in aerospace science and mathematics in the US.He succeeded in coming back to his homeland in 1955 though there were many difficulties.He devoted himself to aerospace science and technology and made great contributions to the cause of China's aerospace.Unfortunately, he passed away in Beijing in 2009. There is no doubt that he is regarded as one of the most famous scientists in the world.He has received the respect and admiration from Chinese people. [评分判断] 1．Does the writer describe the person's appearance or personality? 2．Does the writer tell impressive stories of the person's life? 3．Does the writer say why the person is great? 4．Does the writer sum up how he/she feels about this person? 5．Does the text include all the key information? [亮点点评] 该范文结构完整，作者首先总体介绍(包括其身份和出生年份及地点)，然后介绍钱学森的主要经历，最后总结全文(说明其成就以及人们对他的评价)。要点齐全，语言规范地道，环环相扣。文章表达自然紧凑；在句式上，作者巧妙地使用了状语从句等句式，亮点频出，表达形式多样。总之，该范文是一篇朗朗上口的优秀范文，值得学习。 (2023·全国甲卷改编)你们学校正举办主题为“用英文讲中国故事”的征文活动。请你以一位中国历史人物为题写一篇短文投稿。内容包括： 1．人物简介及事迹； 2．意义或启示。 注意： 1．词数80左右； 2．题目已为你写好。 The Historical Figure in China ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] The Historical Figure in China Among the Chinese historical figures that are widely acknowledged，Fan Zhongyan is the most influential in my opinion.Here are the reasons. Known as a Chinese writer and politician in the Song Dynasty，Fan Zhongyan was highly appreciated because he made great contributions to society.He spared no effort to carry out a series of reforms to make his country prosperous.Besides，he proposed the establishment of a national school system，which had a far-reaching influence on the Chinese educational system. What impresses me most is his famous philosophy of life：“Be the first to worry about the troubles across the land，the last to enjoy universal happiness.”Fan Zhongyan is such a role model that he always encourages me to be a man of noble character. 写作二　读后续写日积月累 Ⅰ.课文经典挖掘品鉴 He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock. 本句话用到了比喻的修辞手法。此处属于明喻，常见的可作明喻的标志词有like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等。 Ⅱ.扣点描述常用句式 1．He wandered alone in the street as a cloud after leaving the pub where his former close friends showed distrust of him again.他离开了酒吧，一个人孤独地在街上流浪着，他曾经的挚友在酒吧里又一次表达了对他的不信任。 2．He can no more swim than I can fly.他不能游泳正如我不能飞行一样。 3．You might as well expect a river to flow backward as hope to move me.你不能动摇我的心，正如不能让河水倒流一样。 $$