UNIT5 Period 1 Reading and Thinking—Reading Comprehension-【优化探究】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册同步导学案配套课件（人教版2019）

选择性必修第二册 UNIT 5　FIRST　AID 【单元话题词汇】 Period 1　Reading and Thinking—Reading Comprehension 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 必备知识 自主探究 课时作业 巩固提升 必备知识 自主探究 Part 1　读前策略 【词汇攻略】 联想记忆： (1)“电”家一览 ①electric adj.电的 ②electricity n．电 ③electrical adj.与电有关的 ④electronic adj.电子的 (2)“灾难”名词集锦 ①victim受难者 ②disaster灾难 ③earthquake地震 ④flood洪灾 ⑤tsunami海啸 ⑥drought旱灾 ⑦survivor幸存者 【读文策略】 了解文本类型 不同类型的文本可以通过其写作风格和语言特征来识别。通过理解一篇文章的文本类型，你可以更好地理解它的目的。您还可以更好地理解在文本中哪里可以找到信息，以及它可能包含什么类型的信息。 Part 2　教材原文助读 FIRST AID FOR BURNS① The skin is an essential② part of your body and is its largest organ③. Your skin acts as a barrier against disease，toxins④，and the sun's rays⑤. It also helps control your body temperature，prevents your body from losing too much water，warns you when things are too hot or cold，and gives you your sense of touch⑥.As you can imagine，getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries⑦.The first and most important⑧ step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid. 此处为as引导的非限制性定语从句，as指代后面的主句。 处均为动词-ing形式的用法。getting burnt为动词-ing形式作主语；giving first aid为动词-ing形式作表语。 ①burn n．[C]烧伤，烫伤，灼伤，烧(或烫、灼)的痕迹vt.& vi.(使)烧毁，烧伤vi.燃烧；着火 ②essential adj.完全必要的，必不可少的，极其重要的 ③organ/'ɔːɡən/n.[C](人或动植物的)器官 ④toxin/'tɒksIn/n.[C]毒素(尤指细菌产生的致病物质) ⑤ray/reI/ n．[C]光线；光束；(热、电等)射线 the sun's rays太阳的光线 X-ray n．[C]X射线，X光 ⑥the sense of touch触觉 ⑦injury n．[C，U](对躯体的)伤害，损伤 ⑧first and most important首先也是最重要的 [拓展]first and foremost首要的是，首先 last but not least最后但同样重要的 烧伤急救 皮肤是人体的重要组成部分，也是人体最大的器官。皮肤是抵御疾病、毒素和太阳光线的屏障。它还有助于控制体温，防止身体流失过多的水分，当东西过热或过冷时警告你并使你有触觉。正如你所想象的，被烧伤会导致非常严重的伤害。治疗烧伤的第一步也是最重要的一步就是施行急救。 CAUSES OF BURNS You can get burnt by a variety of things：hot liquids，steam，fire，radiation⑨，the sun，electricity，acids⑩，or other chemicals. ⑨radiation/ˌreIdi'eIʃn/n.[C，U]辐射；放射线 ⑩acid/'æsId/n.[C，U]酸adj.酸的；酸性的 acid fruit酸水果 acid soils酸性土壤 烧伤的原因 你可能会被各种各样的东西烧伤：灼热的液体、水蒸气、火、辐射、太阳、电、酸或其他化学物质。 TYPES OF BURNS Burns are divided into three types，depending on the depth of skin damage. 此处为现在分词短语作状语。 烧伤的类型 根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤或烫伤可分为三种类型。 ·First-degree burns　These affect only the top few millimetres⑪ of the skin. These burns are not serious.Examples include mild sunburn⑫ and burns caused by other minor⑬ household incidents. ⑪millimetre/'mIliˌmiːtə(r)/n.[C]毫米；千分之一米(缩写为mm) [拓展]centimetre n．[C]厘米(缩写为cm) kilometre n．[C]千米；公里(缩写为km) ⑫sunburn n．[U]晒伤；晒斑 ⑬minor/'maInə(r)/adj，较小的；次要的；轻微的 minor injuries轻伤 [反义]major adj.主要的，重要的，大的 ·一度烧伤　这类烧伤只伤及皮肤表层几毫米。这些烧伤并不严重。例如轻微的晒伤和其他轻微的家务事故造成的灼伤。 ·Second-degree burns　These go below the top layer⑭ of the skin.They are serious and take a few weeks to get better. Examples include burns caused by hot liquids. ⑭layer/'leIə(r)；'leə(r)/n.[C]层；表层；层次 a thin layer of...薄薄的一层…… ·二度烧伤　这类烧伤伤及皮肤表层以下。它们是严重的，需要几个星期才能好起来。例如由灼热的液体引起的烫伤。 ·Third-degree burns　These affect every layer of the skin，and sometimes the tissue⑮ under it.Examples include burns caused by electric⑯ shocks，burning clothes，or petrol fires. These burns cause very severe internal injuries⑰ and the victim⑱ must go to the hospital at once. ⑮tissue n．[U](人、动植物细胞的)组织；[C]纸巾 muscle/nerve tissue肌肉/神经组织 a box of tissues一盒纸巾 ⑯electric/I'lektrIk/adj.电的；用电的；电动的n.[U]供电 electric shock触电；电击 an electric light电灯 electricity n．[U]电；电能 ⑰internal injuries内伤 ⑱victim/'vIktIm/n.[C]受害者；患者 ·三度烧伤　这类烧伤会伤及皮肤的每一层，有时还会影响皮下组织。例如由电击、衣服燃烧或汽油着火引起的烧伤。这类烧伤会造成非常严重的内伤，受伤者必须马上去医院。 　 CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNS First-degree burns ·dry，red，and mildly swollen⑲ ·mildly painful ·turn white when pressed ⑲swollen/'swəʊlən/adj.(身体部位)肿起的；肿胀的 red and swollen又红又肿 swell/swel/vi.(swelled，swollen)膨胀；肿胀 swell up肿胀 烧伤的特点 一度烧伤 ·干燥，发红，轻度肿胀 ·轻度疼痛 ·按压时变白 Second-degree burns ·red and swollen；blisters⑳；watery㉑ surface ·extremely painful ⑳blister/'blIstə(r)/n.[C](皮肤上因摩擦、烫伤等引起的)水疱；(金属等表面的)气泡、水泡vt.& vi.(使)起疱，起泡 ㉑watery adj.水的，含水的 二度烧伤 ·又红又肿；有水泡；表面有液体 ·极其疼痛 Third-degree burns ·black and white ·swollen；the tissue underneath㉒ can often be seen ·little or no pain if nerves㉓ are damaged; may be painful around the edges of the burn ㉒underneath/ˌʌndə'niːθ/prep.& adv.在……底下；隐藏在下面；(指真实的感情或性格)在……表象之下n.[sing.]物体的下表面，底部 ㉓nerve/nɜːv/n.[C]神经 三度烧伤 ·(皮肤)呈焦黑色和死白色 ·肿胀；常常可见皮下组织 ·如果神经受损，轻微疼痛或完全无痛感；烧伤处周围可感疼痛 FIRST-AID TREATMENT 1．Place burns under cool running water，especially within the first ten minutes. The cool water stops the burning process and reduces the pain and swelling. 急救治疗 1．将烧伤部位放在流动的冷水下，特别是在烧伤后的前10分钟内。冷水可以终止烧灼过程，减少疼痛和肿胀。 2．Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth. 2．用干净的布轻轻擦干烧伤部位。 3．Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary，unless you see the fabric㉔ sticking㉕ to the burnt skin. ㉔fabric/'fæbrIk/n.[C，U]织物；布料；[sing.](社会、机构等的)结构 cotton fabric棉织物 the fabric of society社会结构 ㉕stick vi.& vt.粘住 stick to...粘到……上 stick...to/on...把……粘到……上 3．如果有必要，用剪刀剪掉衣服，除非你看到布料已粘在烧伤的皮肤上。 4．Cover the burnt area with a loose㉖ clean cloth.Applying㉗ oil to the injured areas is a bad idea，as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection. ㉖loose/luːs/adj.松的；未系紧的；宽松的 [反义]tight adj.紧的，牢固的；紧身的 ㉗apply vt.[熟词生义]涂，敷 apply...to...将……涂在……上 4．用一块干净的布覆盖住烧伤部位。在受伤部位涂抹油膏是个坏主意，因为这会维持伤口的热度，并可能导致感染。 5．If burns are on the face，make sure the victim can still breathe㉘. ㉘breathe vt.& vi.呼吸 5．如果是脸部烧伤，确保伤者还能呼吸。 6．If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns，there is an urgent㉙ need to take him/her to the hospital at once. 本句为主从复合句。其中主句为remove any clothes；using scissors为现在分词短语作方式状语；if necessary是状语从句的省略形式，其完整形式为if it is necessary；unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin为unless引导的条件状语从句。 此处为as引导的原因状语从句。 画线部分为“there is a/no need to do sth.”句型，该句型表示“有/没有必要做某事”。 ㉙urgent/'ɜːdʒənt/adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的 6．如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤，需立即送他/她去医院。 Part 3　语篇研析 1．Look through the text and identify its style and language features. Then tick its text type from the list below. advertisement 　　　 blog post _____hospital leaflet email newspaper article short story √ 2．Read the text quickly and then fill in the blanks. skin Causes Types Characteristics treatment 3．What's the main idea of the text? A．It's about the types of burns. B．It's about the symptoms of burns. C．It's about the burns and the first-aid treatment. D．It's about the treatment of burns. 答案：C 1．What's the first paragraph mainly about? A．The importance of the skin. B．The importance of first aid. C．When we should give first aid. D．How we should protect our skin. 答案：A 2．Which of the following is NOT the cause of burns? A.Steam and radiation. B．The moon. C．Fire and electricity. D．Hot liquids and chemicals. 答案：B 3．What are the characteristics of first-degree burns? A．Black and white. B．Rough，red and swollen. C．Rough，red and dry. D．Dry，red and mildly swollen. 答案：D 4．Why should we place burns under cool running water? A．Because if not，the person will cry. B．Because cool water will prevent the burning process and reduce the pain and swelling. C．Because the burns are on the face. D．Because it will make the person feel good. 答案：B 5．Which of the following first-aid treatments is RIGHT according to the text? A．Take clothing off the burned area even though it is stuck to the burn. B．If burns are on the face，take the victim to the hospital at once. C．Don't apply oil to the injured areas. D．If the injuries are second-degree burns，it is unnecessary to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once. 答案：C 6．Read the text carefully and find the verb chunks (动词词块) used for first-aid treatment. (1)____________________________________ (2)____________________________________ (3)____________________ (4)______________________________________ (5)________________________________ Place burns under cool running water. Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth. Remove any clothes. Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth. Take him/her to the hospital at once. The skin is 1.______ essential part of your body and is its largest organ. Your skin acts 2.______ a barrier against disease，toxins，and the sun's rays. It also helps control your body temperature，prevents your body from losing too much water，3.________ (warn) you when things are too hot or cold，and gives you your sense of touch. As you can imagine，4._______ (get) burnt can lead to very serious injuries.Giving first aid is the first and most important step in the 5.__________ (treat) of burns.People can get 6.__________ (burn)by an as warns getting treatment burnt many things，such as hot liquids，steam，fire，radiation，the sun，electricity，acids，or other chemicals.Burns 7.____________ (divide) into three types (first-degree burns，second-degree burns and third-degree burns)，8.____________ (depend) on the depth of skin damage.Different degree 9.____________ (burn) can be treated in different ways.Let's keep these things 10.____________ mind. are divided depending burns in Ⅰ.词块 1．阻挡疾病的屏障 ________________________ 2．控制你的体温___________________________ 3．防止你的身体流失过多水分 _______________________________________ 4．可想而知 ____________________ a barrier against disease control your body temperature prevent your body from losing too much water as you can imagine 5．粘贴在烧伤的皮肤上____________________ 6．分为三种类型 _________________________ 7．电击引起的烧伤___________________________ 8．减轻疼痛和肿胀____________________________ 9．将烧伤部位放在流动的冷水下 _________________________________ 10．在受伤处涂抹油膏 __________________________ stick to the burnt skin be divided into three types burns caused by electric shocks reduce the pain and swelling place burns under cool running water apply oil to the injured areas Ⅱ.长难句分析 1．It also helps control your body temperature，prevents your body from losing too much water，warns you when things are too hot or cold，and gives you your sense of touch. [句式分析]　本句的主语是it；helps，prevents，warns和gives是________________；when things are too hot or cold是____________从句。 并列谓语动词 时间状语 [自主翻译]　_____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 它还有助于控制体温，防止身体流失过多的水分，当东西过热或过冷时警告你并使你有触觉。 2．Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary，unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin. [句式分析]　 本句是一个复合句。主句remove any clothes是________句；using scissors是现在分词短语作________状语；if necessary是状语从句的________形式；unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin是___________从句。 祈使 方式 省略 条件状语 [自主翻译]　_____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 如果有必要，用剪刀剪掉衣服，除非你看到布料已粘在烧伤的皮肤上。 3．Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea，as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection. [句式分析]　 Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea是________，其中动词-ing形式短语Applying oil to the injured areas作________；as引导____________从句。 主句 主语 原因状语 [自主翻译]　_____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 在受伤部位涂抹油膏是个坏主意，因为这会维持伤口的热度，并可能导致感染。 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A I had always been fascinated by the use of natural treatments in healthcare. So, when I came across a local clinic that offered courses in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) several months ago, I immediately signed up for a one-year course. On the first day of class, I was looking forward to what I was going to learn. As the instructor explained the procedure, I felt a little disturbed by the thought of needles being stuck into my skin. However, I was determined to overcome my fear. Acupuncturist uses hair-thin needles to find specific areas on the body to treat pain or tension the body may be experiencing, known to help with depression, insomnia (失眠) and anxiety. The instructor told us that an acupuncturist might request patients to provide more information about their health, how to treat them, and what points are most appropriate for them. We were taught how to examine a patient's tongue and pulse to gather evidence of any imbalances in the body. He showed us how to adjust the needle's depth, as different organs required different depths. The needles were only a few millimetre thick and made of stainless steel, so they were solid and easy to switch out. In class, we also learned about the phenomenon of acupuncture anesthesia (麻醉) where patients could undergo surgery without conventional anesthesia using only acupuncture. As we progressed through the course, we learned about herbs and their uses. We also discussed the effects of substances such as alcohol, tobacco, and drugs on the body and how they could lead to severe anxiety and abuse. TCM dates back to ancient China, and it is a widespread practice today. It is fascinating to learn about the symbolism behind each organ and how they relate to different emotions and imbalances in the body. After a year of wrestling with the course, I have now graduated and put everything in place. Without doubt, it has been one of the most fulfilling experiences in my life. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者参加传统中医一年制课程的经历。 2 3 1 4 1．What made the author decide to sign up for a TCM course? A．His worries about health problems. B．His interest in natural treatments. C．An accidental visit to a local clinic. D．The increasing knowledge of TCM. 答案：B 细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，作者报名参加中医课程是因为作者对自然疗法很感兴趣。故选B。 2 3 1 4 2．What did the instructor mainly teach in the first class? A．The development of acupuncture. B．The way to perform acupuncture. C．The requirement for an acupuncture. D．The various tools used in acupuncture. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Acupuncturist uses hair-thin needles to find specific areas on the body ...as different organs required different depths.”可知，作者第一天上课的时候学习了如何针灸。故选B。 2 3 1 4 3．How does the author feel about acupuncture after graduating from the course? A．Easy.　　　　　　　 B．Complicated. C．Advanced. D．Worthy. 答案：D 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It is fascinating to learn about the symbolism behind...it has been one of the most fulfilling experiences in my life.”可知，作者感觉学习针灸是有趣的，对这次经历很满意，认为这是自己人生中最充实的一次经历。由此可知，作者认为针灸是值得学习的。故选D。 2 3 1 4 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．An Encounter with TCM B．A Modern Change in TCM C．A Course to Improve My Fitness D．A Special Acupuncture Treatment 答案：A 2 3 1 4 标题归纳题。根据第一段的内容再结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了作者与中医的相遇，通过参加中医课程，作者了解到了中医的魅力。故选A。 2 3 1 4 B Replacing salt with a common substitute (替代品) could prevent thousands of strokes and heart attacks in Britain each year, a study suggests. Salt substitutes containing less sodium (钠) and added potassium are already available in supermarkets and taste like normal salt. They had been linked to lower blood pressure but the new research is the first to show a clear link with reduced rates of heart attacks and strokes. The study, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, suggests that the risk of stroke was cut by as much as 14 per cent in adults with a history of high blood pressure. Strokes cause about 34，000 deaths in the UK each year and are the biggest cause of severe disability. There are more than 100，000 hospital admissions each year due to heart attacks, or about one every five minutes, according to the British Heart Foundation. This research marks one of the largest “dietary intervention” studies ever conducted. Participants of the research in some of the villages were provided with the salt substitute, which contained 70 per cent sodium chloride (氯化钠) and 30 per cent potassium chloride, free of charge. Those in the other villages continued to use normal table salt, which is 100 percent sodium chloride. They were tracked for an average of nearly five years each, and more than 3，000 had a stroke. For those using the salt substitute, researchers found that the stroke risk was reduced by 14 per cent. Graham MacGregor, professor of cardiovascular medicine at Barts and the London School of Medicine, said: “This study clearly demonstrates that in the UK consumers should be encouraged not to add salt to food. If they have to, it's vital that they use a reduced-sodium with added-potassium salt.” As much as three quarters of the sodium in the average British diet is already added to processed foods. Victoria Taylor, senior dietician at the British Heart Foundation, cautioned that switching to a salt substitute while cooking at home will not help you kick the habit of salty foods. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，用一种普通的替代品代替盐，每年可以防止数千名英国人中风和心脏病发作。 5 6 7 8 5．What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．Researchers. B．Heart attacks. C．Salt substitutes. D．Supermarkets. 答案：C 代词指代题。根据画线词上文“Salt substitutes containing less sodium and added potassium are already available in supermarkets and taste like normal salt.”可知，第一段中的they指代的是上一句中提到的盐的替代品。故选C。 5 6 7 8 6．What do the figures in paragraph 3 indicate? A．This research has attracted many subjects. B．British people are facing a big health risk. C．There're not enough hospitals in Britain. D．An increasing number of people are dying. 答案：B 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Strokes cause about 34，000 deaths in the UK each year and are the biggest cause of severe disability. There are more than 100，000 hospital admissions each year due to heart attacks, or about one every five minutes, according to the British Heart Foundation.”可知，本段中的数字说明了英国人正面临着巨大的健康风险。故选B。 5 6 7 8 7．What does Graham MacGregor probably agree with? A．Salt is sure to make food taste more delicious. B．Potassium and sodium are equally important. C．People should avoid food that contains salt. D．People should consume as little salt as possible. 答案：D 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“This study clearly demonstrates that in the UK consumers should be encouraged not to add salt to food. If they have to, it's vital that they use a reduced-sodium with added-potassium salt.”可知，Graham MacGregor可能会同意的是人们应该尽可能少吃盐。故选D。 5 6 7 8 8．What is mainly talked about in the text? A．Salt substitutes probably save lives. B．People favor dietary intervention. C．Research focuses on blood pressure. D．Salt causes many kinds of diseases. 答案：A 5 6 7 8 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“Replacing salt with a common substitute could prevent thousands of strokes and heart attacks in Britain each year, a study suggests.”可知，本文主要讲的是一项研究表明，用一种普通的替代品代替盐，每年可以防止数千名英国人中风和心脏病发作，也就是可以拯救生命。故选A。 5 6 7 8 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何处理和预防鼻子流血的一些方法。 Nosebleeds occur when the inner lining of one's nose is hurt or dry. 1 If you understand the causes of nosebleeds and know how to handle them, you can better manage your own nosebleeds and prevent future bleeding. A．Keep yourself calm. B．Cool yourself down. C．This sends pressure to the bleeding point and stops the flow of blood. D．Its resulting damage to small blood vessels in the nose causes bleeding. E．To begin, sit down, since it is more comfortable to seat yourself than standing. F．Frequent use of this drug, which is more than 3-4 days at a time, can cause addiction. G．If the bleeding continues after 10 to 15 minutes, repeat spraying the drug 3 times on both sides of the nose. 答案：D 根据上文“Nosebleeds occur when the inner lining of one's nose is hurt or dry.”可知，当一个人的鼻子内部受伤或干燥时，就会发生鼻出血。选项D中的its指代前面的 the inner lining，下文提到了解了鼻子出血的原因后的事情，承上启下，故选D。 Position your body. If you don't have a serious issue that led to your nosebleed, you can perform some first aid at home during a nosebleed to help stop it. 2 Then, lean head forward so that the blood flows through the nostrils (鼻孔). A．Keep yourself calm. B．Cool yourself down. C．This sends pressure to the bleeding point and stops the flow of blood. D．Its resulting damage to small blood vessels in the nose causes bleeding. E．To begin, sit down, since it is more comfortable to seat yourself than standing. F．Frequent use of this drug, which is more than 3-4 days at a time, can cause addiction. G．If the bleeding continues after 10 to 15 minutes, repeat spraying the drug 3 times on both sides of the nose. 答案：E 根据下文“Then, lean head forward so that the blood flows through the nostrils.”可知，空处应讲在之前要先做什么。故选E。 Compress the nose. With a finger and thumb, pinch (捏) the lower end of the nose, completely blocking the nostrils. Pinching at this point directly applies pressure at the region where the blood vessels (血管) are damaged. 3 Keep pinching the nose for 10 minutes, then release. While you do this, breathe through the mouth. A．Keep yourself calm. B．Cool yourself down. C．This sends pressure to the bleeding point and stops the flow of blood. D．Its resulting damage to small blood vessels in the nose causes bleeding. E．To begin, sit down, since it is more comfortable to seat yourself than standing. F．Frequent use of this drug, which is more than 3-4 days at a time, can cause addiction. G．If the bleeding continues after 10 to 15 minutes, repeat spraying the drug 3 times on both sides of the nose. 答案：C 上文“Pinching at this point directly applies pressure at the region where the blood vessels are damaged.”讲到要在出血点上施加压力，所以空处应承接上文，讲述这样做的作用是什么。故选C。 4 Lowering your body temperature can help reduce the blood flow to your nose. To do this, place ice cubes in your mouth. This helps achieve a lower temperature sooner than cooling the external part of the nose. It also will help you remain at the lower temperature for longer. A．Keep yourself calm. B．Cool yourself down. C．This sends pressure to the bleeding point and stops the flow of blood. D．Its resulting damage to small blood vessels in the nose causes bleeding. E．To begin, sit down, since it is more comfortable to seat yourself than standing. F．Frequent use of this drug, which is more than 3-4 days at a time, can cause addiction. G．If the bleeding continues after 10 to 15 minutes, repeat spraying the drug 3 times on both sides of the nose. 答案：B 空处为段落标题句。下文“Lowering your body temperature can help reduce the blood flow to your nose.”提到了要让身体的温度降下来，所以空处的内容应是“降低你的体温”。故选B。 Use oxymetazoline (羟甲唑啉) nasal sprays (喷剂). While you have a nosebleed but not on a regular basis, you can try a nose spray if you don't have high blood pressure issues. This medication partly narrows the blood vessels in your nose. 5 Sprays are used only if bleeding doesn't stop on pinching the nose after the first 10 minutes. A．Keep yourself calm. B．Cool yourself down. C．This sends pressure to the bleeding point and stops the flow of blood. D．Its resulting damage to small blood vessels in the nose causes bleeding. E．To begin, sit down, since it is more comfortable to seat yourself than standing. F．Frequent use of this drug, which is more than 3-4 days at a time, can cause addiction. G．If the bleeding continues after 10 to 15 minutes, repeat spraying the drug 3 times on both sides of the nose. 答案：F 下文“Sprays are used only if bleeding doesn't stop on pinching the nose after the first 10 minutes.”说明喷剂的使用场合，因而空处应该讲述对这种药物过度使用可能会造成不良的结果。故选F。 $$