UNIT3 Period 3 Topic Talk & Lesson 1—Language Points-【优化探究】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册同步导学案配套课件（北师大版2019）

选择性必修第一册 UNIT 3　CONSERVATION Period 3　Topic Talk & Lesson 1—Language Points 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 课堂检测 素养达标 课时作业 巩固提升 词汇识记 1．conservation n．保护 conserve v．保存；保持 conservative adj.保守的；守旧的 Our community is a leader in the conservation of wildlife. 我们社区在野生动物保护方面处于领先地位。 2．destroy vt.破坏；毁掉 If the tree falls that way，it will destroy the house. 如果这棵树向那边倒，就会把那所房子压坏。 destruction n．破坏；毁灭 3．plastic adj.塑料制的 Many items in daily use are made out of plastic. 有很多日常生活用品是塑料制的。 4．item n．一项，一条 Gone forever are the days when this item sold well. 这种商品畅销的日子一去不复返了。 5．recycle vi.& vt.再利用，回收利用 We should try to recycle all our waste paper. 我们应该把所有废纸回收再利用。 unrecyclable adj.不可回收的 6．informative adj.有教育意义的；知识性强的 The talk was both informative and entertaining. 这次谈话既长见识又饶有趣味。 inform vt.通知 informed adj.见多识广的； 消息灵通的 information n．信息；情报 7．threat n．威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能 Plastic bags floating in oceans pose a great threat to marine animals. 漂浮在海洋中的塑料袋对海洋动物构成巨大的威胁。 threaten vt.威胁，恐吓 8．switch vi.& vt.转换，改变 He switched his job from the sales department to the design department，and since then he has lived a life more comfortably. 他从销售部转到设计部工作，从那以后，他的生活过得舒服多了。 switch on打开(电灯、电视等) switch off关闭(电灯、电视等) switch (from...) to (从……)切换到/转换到 9．have a role 起某种作用 Of course，efficiency does have a role to play. 当然，效率也起了一定作用。 10．do one's part 尽自己的职责 Everyone must do one's part while on duty to protect the safety of the school ground. 在执勤时，每个人都要尽职，确保校园的安全。 11．illegally adv.非法地，违法地 Johnson ran the race illegally. 约翰逊非法参加了这次比赛。 illegal adj.非法的；不合法的 12．hunt vi.& vt.猎取，猎杀 The huntsman and I hunt the animals out of the garden. 猎人和我把动物赶出花园。 hunter n．猎人；猎狐犬；猎马 13．extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的     This species will be extinct in a few decades. 几十年后这个物种将会灭绝。 extinction n．消失；消亡 14．incredibly adv.非常地，极端地 The new play is incredibly boring. 这部新上演的话剧乏味得令人难以置信。 incredible adj.难以置信的；惊人的 15．urgent adj.紧急的，急迫的 Seeing that no one takes action，he spoke to me in an urgent whisper. 见没有人采取行动，他忍不住向我低声催促。 urgently adv.急切地；迫切地 urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策 n．强烈的欲望；冲动 urgency n．紧急；急事；催促 16．die out 消失；绝迹，灭绝 This species has nearly died out because its habitats are being destroyed. 这个物种几乎灭绝了，因为它的栖息地正在被破坏。 17．species n．物种，种 There are more than 1，000 alien species in China. 中国的外来物种有1 000多种。 18．wipe out 彻底毁灭 Most diseases could be wiped out. 大多数疾病是可以被消灭的。 19．unusual adj.异常的；不平常的 Something unusual was about to happen. 某种不寻常的事正要发生。 unusually adv.异乎寻常地；显著地；非常 massive adj.巨大的；结实的；非常严重的 20．mass adj.大量的 A mass of flowers appeared in my vision and the air was filled with pleasing scent. 一大片鲜花映入眼帘，空气中弥漫着令人愉快的香味。 21．varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的 Yet，outdoor activities are varied and tempting in the USA. 然而，各种各样的户外活动在美国则引人入胜。 variety n．变化；多样性；种类 various adj.各种各样的；多方面的 vary vt.& vi.改变；变化；不同 22．decrease n．减少；减少的量vi.& vt.减少 In our school，the number of students who are addicted to computer games is on the decrease. 在我们学校，迷恋网络游戏的学生人数正在减少。 23．blame vt.责怪，指责     Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning，and put the blame on the alarm clock. 很多人发现早晨起床很困难，并把责任推卸给闹钟。 be to blame 把……归咎于 24．affect vt.影响     How does interest rate affect the price of bonds? 利率如何影响债券的价格？ effect n．结果；效果；影响 effective adj.有效的；有影响的 25．be at risk 处境危险，受到威胁 The disease is spreading，and all young children are at risk. 疾病正在传播，所有的幼儿都有危险。 26．endangered adj.濒危的 This rare bird has become an endangered species. 这种珍禽已成为濒临灭绝的物种。 endanger v．危及；危害 27．solar adj.太阳光(能)的 The sun is the center of our solar system. 太阳是太阳系的中心。 28．hatch vi.& vt.(使)孵化 The male leaves the female to hatch her eggs and looks for food. 雄性离开雌性去孵蛋和寻找食物。 29．restore vt.(使)恢复     The new manager's job is to restore the company to profitability. 新经理的工作是让这家公司能恢复盈利状况。 restoration n．恢复；归还；复位 默写练习 【限时：20分钟】 Ⅰ.默写重点单词 1．________ adj.塑料制的 2．________ n．一项，一条 3．________ vi.& vt.转换，改变 4．_________ n．采矿业 5．__________ n．物种，种 plastic item switch mining species 6．________ vt.擦；拭 7．______ vi.& vt.(使)孵化 8．________ vt.责怪，指责 9．______ adj.太阳光(能)的 10．____________ adv.非常地，极端地→____________ adj.惊人的；不可思议的 wipe hatch　 blame solar　 incredibly incredible 11．____________ vt.破坏；毁掉→ ____________ n．破坏；毁坏 12．____________ n．保护→____________ adj.保守的，保守主义的→____________ vt.保护 13．____________ vi.& vt.再利用，回收利用→____________ adj.可回收利用的；可再循环的→____________ adj.不可回收的 destroy destruction　 conservation conservative　 conserve recycle 　recyclable　 unrecyclable　 14．___________ adj.有教育意义的；知识性强的→____________ vt.通知→____________ n．信息；情报 15．_______n．威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能→___________vt.威胁；恐吓 16．_________ adv.非法地，违法地→________ adv.合法地→________ adj.合法的 17．_______ vi.& vt.猎取，猎杀→_________ n．猎人→_________ n．打猎 informative 　inform　 information threat　 threaten illegally legally legal hunt hunter　 hunting 18．_________ adj.灭绝的，绝种的→____________ n．灭绝 19．_________ adj.紧急的，急迫的→_________ n．紧急情况→_______ v．敦促 20．________ adj.大量的→___________ adj.大规模的；巨大的；结实的；严重的 extinct extinction urgent urgency urge mass　 massive 21．__________ adj.异常的；不平常的→________ adj.平常的→____________ adv.不寻常地 22．_________ adj.各种各样的，形形色色的→________ v．变化→_________ adj.各种各样的→________ n．种类 23．_________ vi.& vt.减少 n．减少；减少的量→________ v． 增加，增长 n．增长 unusual　 usual　 unusually varied　 vary various variety decrease　 increase 24．_________ vt.影响→_______ n．影响→__________ adj.有效的→____________ adv.有效地 25．____________ adj.濒危的→____________ v．使遭到危险；危及，危害→____________ n．危险→____________ adj.危险的 26．____________ vt.(使)恢复→____________ n．恢复；复原 affect effect effective effectively endangered　 endanger 　danger　　 dangerous restore　 restoration Ⅱ.词形变化填空 1．People should sort out rubbish according to whether it is ____________ (recycle). 2．I regretted not attending the lecture which was said to be very ____________ (inform). 3．African elephants are being hunted ____________ (legally) for their teeth. recyclable informative illegally 4．The mountain gorilla is on the verge of ____________ (extinct). 5．The boy ____________ (threat) not to play with his little brother if he gave away their secret. extinction threatened Ⅲ.翻译核心短语 1．have a role ________________ 2．do one's part ________________ 3．cut down ________________ 4．switch to ________________ 5．in danger ________________ 6．a threat to...________________ 起某种作用 尽自己的职责 削减 切换到，转向 处于危险之中 对……的威胁 7．stop...from...________________ 8．as soon as possible ___________ 9．at the rate of ________________ 10．take action/steps ________________ 11．die out ________________ 12．wipe out ________________ 13．be to blame ________________ 阻止……(做)某事 尽快 以……的速度 采取行动/措施 消失；绝迹，灭绝　 彻底毁灭 把……归咎于 14．be at risk ________________ 15．due to __________ 16．in short__________ 处境危险，受到威胁 由于 总之 Ⅳ.选词填空 从上面翻译核心短语中选择合适的完成下列句子 1．Social media addiction is ________________ our health. 2．Effective measures should be taken to _______ people _________ throwing rubbish into the sea. 3．We should ________________ the use of plastic bags to protect our planet. a threat to　 stop from　 cut down 4．The teacher advised me to ________________ liberal arts because I was not good at physics. 5．A great many animals and plants are now ____________，especially some rare animals and plants. 6．__________，I like paper reading compared with online reading. switch to in danger In short 7．The man who cycled while phoning ________________ for the serious accident. 8．If not handled in time，the disease threatens to _____________ the entire population. was to blame wipe out 词汇精研 1.informative adj.有教育意义的；知识性强的 [教材原文]Yes，it was really informative！是的，它具有很强的教育意义！ [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The exhibition is ____________ (inform)，up to date，and mercifully free of gimmicks. ②Don't worry.We'll keep you ____________ (inform) while you're away. ③She organized a handful of activities in the class to get more ____________ (inform). informative informed information ④They will inform him ____________ any progress they have made. ⑤当得知父亲在事故中只受了轻伤时，这个男人松了一口气。 The man breathed a sigh of relief when he ________________ his father was only slightly injured in the accident. ⑥直到他通知我要开会了，我才意识到我还没有准备好我的提议。 I wasn't aware that I had not been prepared for my proposal until __________________________． of/about was informed that he informed me of the meeting [名师点津]　(1)inform后不能直接带双宾语，而是借助于介词of或about，构成inform sb.of/about sth.结构。 (2)information为不可数名词，没有复数形式，切记！ (1)inform vt.通知；告知 inform sb.of/about...通告/告知某人…… inform sb.that...通告/告知某人…… inform on sb.告发/检举某人 (2)informed adj.了解情况的，消息灵通的 keep sb.informed (of) 随时告知某人/使某人了解 (3)information n．消息 a piece of information一条信息 2.threat n．威胁，恐吓；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能 [教材原文] After the lecture，I can see that the use of oil and coal is one of the biggest threats to our planet.讲座结束后，我得知石油和煤炭的使用是对我们星球最大的威胁之一。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/句式升级 ①He tied her up and threatened her _________ a six-inch knife. ②Those kidnappers threatened _______ (kill) their son if they couldn't get enough money. ③She is prepared to carry out her threat ____ resign. ④He was threatened by terrorists and didn't dare to vote for the president. →_____________________________________________________ (过去分词短语作状语) with to kill to Threatened by terrorists，he didn't dare to vote for the president. (1)a threat to sb./sth.对某人或某事的威胁 (2)threaten vt.威胁，恐吓 threaten sb.with...用……威胁某人 threaten to do sth.威胁要做某事 threaten that...威胁…… 3.switch vi.& vt.转换，改变n.开关；转变；变 [教材原文] We definitely need to switch to different forms of power as soon as possible.我们确实需要尽快转换到不同形式的能源。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Switch _______ the TV，please.It's time for the weather report. ②According to the airline rules，we suggest you (should) switch _________ your mobile phones before boarding. ③He switched the conversation _________ one subject ________ another. on off from 　to ④她倒空了他们俩的杯子，然后打开了电水壶。 She emptied both of their cups and ____________ the electric kettle. ⑤几年内，全国将会换上数字电视。 Within a few years the whole country will ____________ to digital television. switched on switch over [名师点津]　电器的“开/关”用turn/switch on/off 都可以；水或煤气的“开/关”只能用turn on/off。 switch on＝turn on打开(电灯、无线电等) switch off＝turn off关上，断掉(电源等) switch over切换，换(电视等的)频道 switch from...to...从……变为…… 4.urgent adj.紧急的，急迫的 [教材原文] That's an incredibly urgent matter...那是一件非常紧急的事情…… [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The woman prodded her neighbour and whispered ____________ (urge) in his ear. ②First，we agreed on the ____________ (urge) and seriousness of the threat. ③The teacher urged ____________ us the necessity of practice. urgently urgency on/upon ④After she saw the film，there was an urge ________ (cry) because she was touched by their brave deed. ⑤She invited me to dinner，but I declined on account of ____________ (urge) business. ⑥我们力劝她同我们一起来参加聚会，但她坚持说她太累了。 ________________________________________ with us，but she protested that she was too tired. to cry urgent We urged that she (should) come to the party　 ⑦作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励人们努力工作。 The author's purpose in writing the text is to ________________________． ⑧人们极力主张制定相关法律以防止类似事件再次发生。 ________________ the relative laws should be made to prevent such things from happening again. urge people to work hard　 It is urged that [名师点津]　在“urge that.../It is urged that.../It's urgent that...”句型中，从句的谓语动词常用“(should＋)动词原形”。 (1)be urgent for sb.to do sth.对某人来说做某事是紧急的 It's urgent that...……是很紧迫的 (2)urge vt.力劝，竭力主张 n．强烈的欲望；冲动 urge sb.to do sth.力劝某人做某事 urge sth.on/upon sb.向某人主张某事，向某人强调某事 urge against极力反对 urge sb.into doing sth.催促/敦促某人做某事 urge that.../It is urged that...(should＋)动词原形 竭力主张…… have an urge to do sth.渴望做某事 (3)urgently adv.紧急地，急迫地 (4)urgency n．紧急，紧急的事 5.die out 灭绝，绝迹；消失；过时 [教材原文] How many times up to today has life on Earth almost died out？到今天为止，地球上的生命已经灭绝了多少次？ [即学即练]——完成句子/句式升级 ①在大城市，在寒冷的冬季，许多老人死于污染的空气。 In big cities during cold winter months，many old people die ________ the polluted air. ②随着音乐声渐渐消失，电影结束了。 As the sound of the music ____________，the film came to an end. from died away ③尽管风减弱了，雨仍然下着，因此你仍需要一件雨衣。 Although the wind has ____________，the rain remains steady，so you still need a raincoat. ④地里的苹果树一棵接一棵地病死了。 The apple trees in the field are all ____________ from the disease. died down dying off ⑤上海对于我来说是个新世界，我渴望更多地了解这个城市。 Shanghai was a new world to me and I ________________ find out more about it. ⑥As the living environment becomes worse and worse，many of the earth's species are gradually disappearing. →________________________________________________，many of the earth's species are gradually ________________．(with复合结构) was dying to With the living environment becoming worse and worse dying out (1)die for...为……而死 die away (声音、光或感情等)逐渐减弱；渐渐消失 die down (火、风暴、疼痛等)逐渐减弱；逐渐平息 die from死于(外因，如：外伤、自然灾害、交通事故等) die of 死于(内因，如：疾病、饥饿、寒冷、衰老等) die off相继死去 (2)dying adj.垂死的；临终的；渴望的 be dying for sth.渴望得到某物；很想要某物 be dying to do sth.渴望做某事；极想做某事 (3)death n．死；死亡 6.wipe out 彻底毁灭，全部摧毁 [教材原文] Extinctions，where entire species are wiped out，are not unusual in our Earth's history.物种灭绝，即某个物种的完全消失，在地球的历史上并不罕见。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①A 0.9-meter rise would wipe ________ their habitat completely. ②He wiped his tears ________ a handkerchief. ③他把牛奶溅在了地板上，但立刻把它擦掉了。 He spilled the milk on the floor but ____________________ at once. out with wiped it away/off/up ④他擦去额头上的汗水。 He ____________________________ his forehead. ⑤这些杯子没擦干净就收起来了。 These glasses were not _______________ before they were put away. wiped his sweat away from wiped down wipe...away from...把……从……擦掉 wipe...away/off/up擦掉……；抹掉…… wipe...with...用……擦 wipe down...把……擦干净 7.mass n．质量；许多；团；块；堆adj.大批的；数量极多的；广泛的；大量的 [教材原文] These include the third mass extinction，known as the “Great Dying”， which killed 90% to 96% of all species.这其中包括被称为“大灭绝”的第三次灭绝，它导致了90%至96%的物种灭绝。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It is wrong to have no regard for the opinions and demands of the ____________ (mass). ②____________ (mass) of people attended the meeting that day. ③We can assume all the mass _______ the body to be concentrated at its centre of gravity. masses Masses of ④院子里有许多男孩子。 There is ________________ in the yard. ⑤河里有许多冰。 There are ________________ in the river. a mass of boys masses of ice [名师点津]　a mass of和masses of既可修饰可数名词复数又可修饰不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词的单复数由量词的数决定。 a mass of＝masses of大量；大批；众多 the mass of大部分的 the masses群众 8.varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的 [教材原文] The reasons for extinctions are varied.灭绝的原因是多种多样的。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It is essential that your diet is ____________ (vary) and balanced. ②There are ____________ (vary) books for us to choose from，like history books，science books，literary books. ③I was impressed by the ____________ (vary) of the dishes on offer. varied various variety ④Every solid object will reflect a sound，________ (vary) according to the size and the nature of the object. ⑤对于共享单车，人人意见不一。 Opinions on the shared bikes ____________________________． ⑥一般来说，水果和蔬菜的价格随季节而变化。 Generally speaking，prices of fruit and vegetables ______________________． ⑦我想知道这种植物能否适应各种土壤。 I want to know whether this plant can adapt to _________________． varying vary from person to person vary with the seasons a variety of soils [名师点津]　a variety of和varieties of 的用法是一样的，只是形式不同，正如a lot of和lots of。二者既可修饰可数名词复数也可修饰不可数名词，后面谓语动词的单复数要根据of后名词的单复数而定。 (1)vary vi.& vt.相异；变化；改变，使多样化 vary with...随……而变化 vary in...在……方面不同/有差异 vary between...and.../from...to...由……到……情况不等；在……到……之间变动 (2)variety n．种类；多样化 a variety of＝varieties of各种各样的 (3)various adj.各种各样的 9.decrease vt.& vi.减少，降低n.减少；减少的量 [教材原文] According to scientists，they include volcanic eruptions，asteroids hitting the Earth from space，changes in sea levels，the decrease of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming.根据科学家的说法，原因包括火山爆发、小行星从太空撞击地球、海平面变化、海洋氧含量下降和全球变暖。 [巧学助记] The production of the cotton this year is on the decrease，and compared with that of last year, it has decreased by 20%, but the price has increased by 30%.今年的棉花产量在下降，与去年相比下降了20%，但价格却上涨了30%。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Population growth is decreasing ____ 4% each year. ②The crime rate has decreased ____ the lowest level. ③The report shows a sudden decrease _____ population. ④这座城市的人口正逐渐减少。 The population of this city is ________________． by to in on the decrease [名师点津]　(1)指“某事物的增长/减少”用an increase/a decrease in sth.，其中in不可用of替换。 (2)decrease to减少到，后跟最终数字；decrease by减少了，后跟减少的幅度。 (1)on the decrease在减少 a decrease in在……方面减少 (2)increase增加，增长 decrease to减少到 decrease by减少了 10.be to blame (for...) 应(对……)负责任(表示被动)；把……归咎于 [教材原文] This time，human activity will be to blame.这一次，人类活动将是罪魁祸首。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①The bank manager was really ____________ (blame)，though he tried to pin it on a clerk. ②No one would admit responsibility.They all tried to lay the blame ______ someone else. ③I'm not going to sit around and take the blame ______ the mistake he made. 她把他们婚姻的失败归咎于她的丈夫。 to blame on for ④She ____________________ the failure of their marriage.(blame sb.for sth.) ⑤She ________________________________ her husband.(blame sth.on sb.) ⑥She ______________________________________________ her husband.(put/lay the blame for sth.on sb.) blamed her husband for blamed the failure of their marriage on put/laid the blame for the failure of their marriage on [名师点津]　be to blame for...为主动形式表示被动意义，因此不能再用被动语态。 (1)blame sb.for sth./doing sth.责备某人做了某事 blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人 (2)put/lay the blame for sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人 accept/shoulder/take/get the blame for sth.对某事负责任 11.be at risk 处境危险，受到危险 [教材原文] Of course，as we humans depend on so many species for our survival，we would also be at risk of dying out.当然，由于我们人类依赖如此多的物种才得以生存，我们也将面临灭绝的风险。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/句式升级 ①I would like to risk ____________ (be) late for class to help him. ②He saved the boy's life ______ the risk of losing his own. ③They would go to rescue the travellers at _______ risk. being at any ④The passer-by took the risk of losing his own life to save the drowning child from the cold river. →The passer-by ____________________ to save the drowning child from the cold river.(risk v．) →The passer-by saved the drowning child from the cold river ____________________________．(risk n．) risked his own life at the risk of losing his own life [名师点津]　risk用作及物动词，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 (1)risk vt.冒……的危险；使遭受危险 n．危险，风险 risk one's life冒生命危险 risk doing sth.冒险做…… (2)at all risks＝at any risk无论冒什么险，无论如何 at the risk of (doing) sth.冒(做)某事的危险 run/take a risk/risks冒险 run/take the risk of doing sth.冒着做某事的危险 12.endangered adj.濒危的 [教材原文] For example，we need to take steps to save endangered species...例如，我们需要采取措施拯救濒临灭绝的物种…… [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Jensen is a ____________ (danger) man，and can be very brutal and reckless. ②This financial profit can help nations protect the habitats where ____________ (danger) animals and plants live. ③We're told that the river is dangerous ______ swimmers. dangerous endangered for ④人们处境危险，我们必须帮助他们脱离(险境)。 The people are ________________，and we must help them off. ⑤孩子们玩火是危险的。 ________________________________ play with fire. in danger It's dangerous for children to (1)endanger vt.使遭受危险；危及；危害 (2)danger n．危险，风险 the danger of doing sth.做某事的危险 in danger处于危险之中 (3)dangerous adj.有危险的；不安全的 be dangerous for对……是危险的 It is dangerous for sb.to do sth.某人做某事是危险的 句式剖析 13.(教材原文)Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally，the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern.虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝的速度让人担忧。 [句式分析]　本句中at which是“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，which指代前面的名词the rate。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He was educated at a local grammar school，after ____________ he went on to Cambridge. ②Gun control is a subject about ____________ Americans have argued for a long time. ③She brought her three friends，none of ____________ I had ever met before. which which whom ④我们随后移居巴黎，在那里住了6年。 We then moved to Paris，____________ we lived for six years. ⑤她正在照顾的病人是她的父亲。 The patient _______________________ is her father. where/in which whom she is looking after [名师点津]　(1)介词后面的关系代词不能省略。 (2)某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的“介词＋关系词”结构可以同关系副词when，where和why互换。 (3)通常介词放在定语从句中动词后，也可以放在关系代词前面，但有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分。 (1)在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which (指物)或whom (指人)，不可用that，即介词＋which/whom。有时也用whose，需对句子进行分析再做选择。 (2)在限制性定语从句中，当介词置于定语从句的谓语动词之后时，可用that/which (指物)；that/who/whom (指人)作介词的宾语，且此处关系代词可以省略，特别是在口语中。 (3)关系代词前介词选择三原则：一先，二动，三意义。 ①一先，即根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。 ②二动，即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择。 ③三意义，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。 14.(教材原文)It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth，including animals and plants.很明显，人类活动对地球上所有其他物种，包括动物和植物，都产生了负面影响。 [句式分析]　本句中含有“It is＋adj.＋that从句”结构。 [即学即练]——完成句子 ①人们相信这部电影是有教育意义的，充满了感情。 ________________ this film is instructive and full of emotions. ②很遗憾，星期五下午我不能和你一起去书店了。 ________________ I cannot go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon. ③你必须在6月28日前提交论文，这是很重要的。 ________________ you should hand in your thesis before 28th，June. It is believed that It is a pity that It is important that (1)在“It is clear that...”句型中，it作形式主语指代后面that引导的主语从句。可用于该句型的形容词还有obvious，true，possible，necessary，natural，important等。 (2)常见的用it作形式主语指代后面的that从句的句型有： ①It is＋名词(短语)(a pity，a shame，one's duty，no wonder...)＋that从句 ②It is＋过去分词(said，reported，known，believed，announced，suggested，required...)＋that从句 ③It＋不及物动词(happen，occur，appear...)＋that从句 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．The researchers found that a lack of money to pay for land ____________ (保护) is affecting efforts. 2．I looked inside his ________ (塑料制的) bag and saw some carrots with soil. 3．There was an ______ (一条) of news in the paper about him. conservation plastic item 4．They leave citizens cards informing them what they can and can't _________ (回收利用)，and let them know how their efforts work. 5．One winter day while he was ____________ (打猎)，he saw the tracks of animals in the snow. 6．We're in the process of ____________ (转换) over to a new system of invoicing. recycle hunting switching 7．These books，while ____________ (知识性强的)，are difficult to understand. 8．Coal ____________ (采矿业) has always been a dangerous occupation. informative mining Ⅱ.选词填空 in short，cut down，at the risk of，take steps，in danger，at present，switch to，the amount of 1．It is high time that the local government _____________________ immediately to stop hunting illegally. 2．The designer is talented，committed and passionate；____________，he is completely equal to the task. took steps/should take steps in short 3．To __________ the cost of production，the manager determined to decrease his employees by 30%. 4．Many endangered species are ________________ dying out because of humans' irresponsible activities. 5．She'd like to be a film actress，but ____________ she's a model. cut down at the risk of at present 6．He is ____________ of losing his job if he goes on like this. 7．She was quite positive about ____________ money involved. 8．Select the application you want to ____________ or close. in danger the amount of switch to Ⅲ.完成句子 1．他们在树下野餐的那棵树是公园里最大最老的树。 The tree ________________________________ is the largest and oldest in the park. 2．我很想告诉他这个秘密。 I ____________________ him the secret. under which they had their picnic have an urge to tell 3．他有必要下周一来。 ____________________ that he come next Monday. 4．选用何种方式抚养子女是极其重要的。 ________________________________ is vitally important. It is necessary The way we choose to bring up children 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．He ____________ (擦；拭) his hands with a clean towel. 2．It's real wood—not one of those _________ (塑料制的) goods. 3．Their latest product is aimed at the _________ (大量的) market. 4．This region is the home of many ____________ (物种) of wild flowers. wiped plastic mass species 5．We should try to understand things in nature and not _________ (破坏) them. 6．I suggest we skip to the last ________ (一项) on the agenda. 7．Environment experts urge people to ____________ (回收利用) and reuse plastic bags. 8．The number of new students __________(减少) from 210 to 160 this year. destroy　 item recycle decreased 9．Large home buildings should have ____________ (太阳光能的) collectors in their designs. 10．The measures are intended to ____________ (恢复) public confidence in the economy. solar restore Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．It is claimed that the number of tigers in the forest is ______ the decrease. 2．Many people tend to blame their own failure ___ lack of good fortune. 3．Humans wiped _______ forests on a large scale，which made animals homeless. on on out 4．Do keep me ____________ (inform) of your plan in advance if you want to visit our city. 5．Thanks _____ the effective measures the government took，air quality has improved a lot. 6．During the cultural festival，you can enjoy or participate in ____________ (vary) of activities. informed to varieties 7．They are used to eating breakfast separately，which is not ____________ (usual) in their family. 8．It would have been impossible to find my daughter ____________ the help of Friends Reunited. 9．You are always forgetting to switch ____________ the lights of the bathroom，which is a waste of electricity. 10．I felt ____________ (incredible) ashamed of myself for losing my temper in front of so many people. unusual without　 off incredibly Ⅲ.完成句子 1．和你说话的那位年轻女士是我们新来的英语老师。 The young lady ____________________ is our new English teacher. 2．没有你的慷慨帮助，我的英语不会取得这么大的进步。 Without your generous help，___________________________ ______________________． to whom you talked I wouldn't have made such great progress in my English 3．我想知道你为什么迟到那么久。 I'd like to know __________________________________． 4．很显然吸烟对健康有害。 ____________________ smoking does harm to our health. 5．虽然答案似乎有点奇怪，但除了我以外没有人质疑。 ____________________________________，nobody but I doubted it. the reason why you're so late It is obvious that Although the answer seemed a little strange Ⅳ.阅读理解 Throughout history，humanity has existed side-by-side with viruses and bacteria.From the bubonic plague to smallpox，humanity has evolved to resist these bacteria and viruses.However，there are now new ways for them to infect us. Climate change is melting permafrost (冻土) areas that have been frozen for thousands of years.As the permafrost melts，so do the ancient bacteria and viruses that have been frozen.These ancient bacteria and viruses，which previously lay inactive in the ice，may spring back to life as the earth's climate warms. In August 2016，a 12-year-old boy in the Arctic Circle died and at least twenty people there were hospitalized after having been infected by anthrax (炭疽). Experts studied and concluded that over 75 years ago，a reindeer infected with anthrax died and its body was frozen and trapped under a layer of permafrost.It stayed there，with the disease inactive，until a heatwave in the summer of 2016.The heatwave melted the permafrost and exposed the reindeer's body，which then released the infectious pathogen (病原体) into the nearby water and soils，and then into the food supply.More than 2，000 reindeers feeding near the body became infected，which then led to a small number of human cases. While you may think the incident is isolated to that area，the fact that long-inactive viruses and bacteria might wake up soon due to climate change will affect us all.Pathogenic viruses might be preserved in old permafrost layers，including some that have caused global epidemics in the past. With climate change，who knows what deadly viruses and bacteria hidden beneath permafrost areas are threatening us.Perhaps it is time for everyone to do their part to stop the global warming. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由于全球气候变暖导致疫情蔓延，作者呼吁大家阻止全球变暖。 2 3 1 4 1．What does the underlined phrase “new ways” refer to? A．Ancient bacteria and viruses come back to life. B．Bacteria and viruses have evolved into new types. C．Bacteria and viruses become more resistant to medicine. D．Ancient bacteria and viruses remain active in frozen permafrost. 答案：A 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“These ancient bacteria and viruses，which previously lay inactive in the ice，may spring back to life as the earth's climate warms.(之前被冰封的古细菌和病菌，随着地球气候的变暖会再度活过来)”可知，new ways是指古细菌和病菌复活。 2 3 1 4 2．Which is the right order of the case of anthrax in 2016? ①A 12-year-old boy died and many others were infected. ②Over 2，000 reindeers feeding near the body became infected. ③The bacteria went into the nearby water，soils，and then food supply. ④The permafrost melted and the bacteria in the dead reindeer woke up. A．④③②①　　　　　　　　 B．④②③① C．①②④③ D．①③④② 答案：A 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据第三、四段的描述可知，在2016年，一个12岁的男孩感染炭疽并死去，而且感染了其他人。起源于一只携带病原体的驯鹿尸体随冰川融化释放出病毒，带有传染性的病原体进入附近的水、土壤以及食物中，超过2 000只驯鹿在觅食中被感染，最后传染给人类。所以顺序应为④③②①。 2 3 1 4 3．Why does the writer write this text? A．To introduce an ancient virus，anthrax. B．To call on people to stop the global warming. C．To encourage people to study ancient viruses. D．To warn people of the danger of melting permafrost. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 写作意图题。根据最后一段“Perhaps it is time for everyone to do their part to stop the global warming.”可知，作者认为是时候大家一起来阻止全球变暖了。故作者的写作目的是号召人们阻止全球变暖。 2 3 1 4 4．In which section can we most possibly read this text on a website? A．Geography. B．Environment. C．Education. D．Medicine. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 文章出处题。本文主要是讲全球变暖导致了疫情蔓延，所以属于环境类。 2 3 1 4 Ⅴ.阅读七选五 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了血型的基本信息，包括血型系统的基本知识，以及一些可能与血型相关的个性理论。 1 2 3 4 If you've studied biology，you've probably learned about blood types.Or perhaps you have learned something about blood types from social media. 1 These letters correspond to two antigens(抗原)，A and B．People with AB blood have both antigens，those with A or B have only one, and people with O have no antigens at all. 5 1 2 3 4 A．Many factors contribute to your blood type. B．So，what does the blood type mean to you personally? C．Meanwhile，only 6% of those surveyed said they like AB-types. D．They have a large social circle but are very easy to get annoyed. E.Or perhaps you think your blood type influences your personality. F．Even those that don't agree with the concept are familiar with the idea. G．Either way，you'll know there are four main blood types：A，B，O，and AB. 答案：G 5 根据空前内容可知，人们对血型的了解有两种渠道，从生物学学习中或者社交媒体中了解；根据空后的“These letters correspond to two antigens, A and B．”可知，这些字母对应两种抗原，A和B。结合所给选项可知，G项“不管用哪种方法，你都知道有四种主要的血型：A、B、O和AB”符合语境。该选项中的either way与空前两句话呼应，且选项中的“A，B，O，and AB”与空后的these letters呼应。 1 2 3 4 5 2 If you've had a blood transfusion(输血)，you are probably aware that your blood type determines which blood you can receive.Maybe you'll think that you should plan your meals based on your blood type. 3 This last concept is popular in Asia，particularly in South Korea.Someone with type A blood is thought to be considerate but shy.People with type B blood are known for being creative but odd.Type O individuals are considered to be some of the most sociable people.Those with type AB blood are sensible artists，but sometimes calculating or unpredictable. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 A．Many factors contribute to your blood type. B．So，what does the blood type mean to you personally? C．Meanwhile，only 6% of those surveyed said they like AB-types. D．They have a large social circle but are very easy to get annoyed. E.Or perhaps you think your blood type influences your personality. F．Even those that don't agree with the concept are familiar with the idea. G．Either way，you'll know there are four main blood types：A，B，O，and AB. 答案：B 根据空后两句话可知，空后在讲述血型可能会对你造成的影响，结合所给选项可知，B项“那么，血型对你个人来说意味着什么？”符合语境。该选项为问句，空后内容是对该空的回答。 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 2 If you've had a blood transfusion(输血)，you are probably aware that your blood type determines which blood you can receive.Maybe you'll think that you should plan your meals based on your blood type. 3 This last concept is popular in Asia，particularly in South Korea.Someone with type A blood is thought to be considerate but shy.People with type B blood are known for being creative but odd.Type O individuals are considered to be some of the most sociable people.Those with type AB blood are sensible artists，but sometimes calculating or unpredictable. 1 2 3 4 5 A．Many factors contribute to your blood type. B．So，what does the blood type mean to you personally? C．Meanwhile，only 6% of those surveyed said they like AB-types. D．They have a large social circle but are very easy to get annoyed. E.Or perhaps you think your blood type influences your personality. F．Even those that don't agree with the concept are familiar with the idea. G．Either way，you'll know there are four main blood types：A，B，O，and AB. 答案：E 空处所在段主要陈述血型对于个人的可能的影响。根据空前的“Maybe you'll think that you should plan your meals based on your blood type.”可知，也许你会认为你应该根据你的血型来计划你的饮食。结合所给选项可知，E项“或者也许你认为你的血型影响你的性格”符合语境。该选项与空前一句话构成并列关系，且选项中的perhaps与空前的maybe构成词汇意义上的衔接。 1 2 3 4 5 South Korea is one place where the blood type personality theory catches on.A study released in 2017 suggests that nearly 60% South Koreans believe that blood types serve as an indicator of a person's personality. 4 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 A．Many factors contribute to your blood type. B．So，what does the blood type mean to you personally? C．Meanwhile，only 6% of those surveyed said they like AB-types. D．They have a large social circle but are very easy to get annoyed. E.Or perhaps you think your blood type influences your personality. F．Even those that don't agree with the concept are familiar with the idea. G．Either way，you'll know there are four main blood types：A，B，O，and AB. 答案：F 空处所在段主要讲韩国是血型人格理论流行的地方之一。根据空前的“A study released in 2017...a person's personality.”可知，2017年发布的一项研究表明，近60%的韩国人认为血型是一个人性格的指标。结合所给选项可知，F项“即使那些不同意这个概念的人也熟悉这个想法”符合语境。 1 2 3 4 5 But such theory can also cause discrimination.In the above-mentioned study，about half of the respondents said that they like people with type O blood best. 5 The general belief was that type O individuals have a personality that best fits the culture in South Korea，while AB-types don't suit such a cultural outlook.As a result，in recent years，many media have stopped promoting the theory. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 A．Many factors contribute to your blood type. B．So，what does the blood type mean to you personally? C．Meanwhile，only 6% of those surveyed said they like AB-types. D．They have a large social circle but are very easy to get annoyed. E.Or perhaps you think your blood type influences your personality. F．Even those that don't agree with the concept are familiar with the idea. G．Either way，you'll know there are four main blood types：A，B，O，and AB. 答案：C 空处所在段主要讲血型人格理论会引起歧视，空前的“In the above-mentioned study...blood best.”举例说明了这一现象，表示在上述研究中，大约一半的受访者说他们最喜欢O型血的人。结合所给选项可知，C项“同时，只有6%的受访者表示他们喜欢AB型血的人”符合语境，指的是研究的另一个结果，与空前一句为并列关系。 1 2 3 4 5 Ⅵ.完形填空 What I have learned with my three teens is this：When they are testing me and pushing the limits in a way that feels more aggressive，this is when they need extra love and 1 ． When our kids are young and aren't able to 2 how they are feeling，they typically behave in a way that makes it obvious that they are sad or 3 ．We parents try 4 to help them feel better. As they get 5 and are able to talk and communicate，I think we raise our expectations a little bit too 6 —although they can communicate and let us 7 whether something is wrong，it doesn't mean they will. Not because they don't always want to， 8 teenagers seem to think they can 9 it on their own；they think their 10 won't understand，or they are too embarrassed to come to us with 11 or talk about certain situations. Teens, like all of us，are looking for bonding，so make sure we are 12 time with them.If connecting with your teens by text messages feels easier，then start there，but don't 13 there.Put down your 14 and look at your teens in eyes to communicate，and 15 will take you and your teens' relationship to another level. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。孩子小的时候，他们不能向父母表达自己的感受，只会通过明显的方式来表达自己的难过或不舒服；当他们长大时，他们又不愿意表达他们的感受。因此，父母要关注孩子的成长，及时有效地和孩子沟通。 1．A.complaint B．punishment C．praise D．attention 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 根据语境和前面的“when they need extra love and...”可知，此处表示当他们需要额外的爱和关注时，他们会表现得带有攻击性。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2．A.sing B．explore C．communicate D．build 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 根据语境可知，当孩子小的时候，他们不能表达自己的感受。communicate“传达，传递”。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3．A.uncomfortable B．delighted C．excited D．energetic 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 根据空格前与之表示并列关系的sad可判断，设空处内容为不好的方面。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4．A.something B．everything C．nothing D．anything 答案：B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 我们父母尽一切(everything)可能去帮助他们感觉好些。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5．A.smaller B．stronger C．older D．younger 答案：C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 根据后面的“and are able to talk and communicate”可推知，当他们年龄大一点时，他们能够谈论和交流。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6．A.high B．low C．fast D．slow 答案：A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 根据前面的“we raise our expectations”并结合语境可知，此处表示我们把期望提得有点过高。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7．A.ask B．say C．debate D．know 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 根据语境可知，他们能谈论和交流，能让我们知道(know)是否事情出了差错。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8．A.because B．since C．though D．but 答案：D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 根据上文“Not because they don't always want to”和空后的“teenagers seem to think they can 9 it on their own”可知，空处表示转折，此处表示并不是因为他们不想，而是青少年认为他们能靠自己应付(handle)。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9．A.handle B．hide C．present D．expose 答案：A 参见上题解析。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10．A.friends B．parents C．teachers D．teammates 答案：B 根据语境可知，他们认为他们的父母不会理解。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11．A.worries B．possibilities C．explanations D．assumptions 答案：A 根据该句中的“they are too embarrassed to come to us with...”可知，他们太尴尬而不愿带着烦恼(worry)找父母。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12．A.wasting B．killing C．spending D．losing 答案：C 此处表示确保花(spend)时间和他们在一起。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13．A.stand B．hang C．leave D．stop 答案：D 如果用手机发信息和你的孩子沟通感觉更简单，就从那儿开始，但不要停留(stop)在手机交流上。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14．A.magazines B．newspapers C．books D．phones 答案：D 根据上文用手机短信和孩子沟通可知，此处表示放下你的手机(phone)，看着孩子的眼睛进行沟通。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15．A.connections B．adjustments C．services D．disappointments 答案：A 根据后面的“take you and your teens' relationship to another level”可知，联系(connection)能让你和孩子的关系更进一层。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 $$