UNIT2 Period 6 单元语法(2)：Articles (冠词)-【优化探究】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册同步导学案配套课件（北师大版2019）

选择性必修第一册 UNIT 2　SUCCESS 单元语法(2)：Articles (冠词) 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 核心语法 专项突破 课时作业 巩固提升 课堂检测 素养达标 核心语法 专项突破 [语法体会] ①She has been a volleyball star for more than thirty-five years and has contributed greatly to the sport，which has made her the most popular figure in China's volleyball history. ②After retiring as an athlete in 1986 she has been successful as a volleyball coach in the United States and Italy. 自我探究： (1)不定冠词a/an表示______或指某类中的___________。 (2)定冠词可用于__________和________的最高级前。 类指 任何一个 序数词 形容词 [知识精要] 一、不定冠词的用法及固定搭配 (一)不定冠词的用法 1．表示类指或指某类中的任何一个。 A virus is a very small living thing that causes disease. 病毒是一种引发疾病的微生物。 2．表示泛指。当说话人第一次提及某人或某物时通常用不定冠词，因此由不定冠词构成的名词词组往往带有不确定的含义，相当于a certain。 The story happened in a small town in Victoria. 这个故事发生在维多利亚的一个小镇上。 3．表示量指。不定冠词表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有one强烈。 I watch TV for two or three hours a day. 我一天要看两三个小时的电视。 4．表示“每”，相当于per，用在表示价格、速度、频率等的短语中。 Prices start at ￡13.95 a yard for printed cotton. 印花棉布以每码13.95英镑的价格起售。 5．表示“同一，相同”，相当于the same。 They happen to be of an age and wear clothes of a color. 他们碰巧同龄而且穿着同样颜色的衣服。 (二)不定冠词用于固定搭配中 as a result 因此；结果 as a rule 通常 as a whole 总体上 as a matter of fact 事实上 at a loss 不知所措 in a hurry 匆忙 in a word 总之 in a sense 在某种意义上 in a way 在某种程度上 in a short while 不久 keep an eye on 照看，留意 pay a visit to 拜访 put an end to 结束 once in a while 偶尔 once upon a time 从前 all of a sudden 突然 be on a diet 节食 have a gift for 在某方面有天赋 have/catch a cold 感冒 make a living 谋生 have/take a rest 休息 give sb.a lift 让某人搭便车 二、定冠词的用法及固定搭配 (一)定冠词的用法 1．表示特指的人或物或者双方都知道的或心中都明白的人或物，或者指上文已经提到过的人或事物。 Do you know the man standing at the gate of the door? 你认识站在门口的那个人吗？ I went to a university in New Zealand.The university was set up in the early twentieth century. 我在新西兰的一所大学学习。这所大学是20世纪初建立的。 2．用在世界上独一无二的名词前。 The earth goes around the sun. 地球围绕太阳转。 3．用于序数词、形容词的最高级前。 Is this the first time you have visited Qingdao? 这是你第一次游览青岛吗？ China is one of the richest countries in natural resources in the world. 在自然资源方面，中国是世界上最富有的国家之一。 4．用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人或夫妻俩；或用于形容词或分词前，表示一类人或物。 the wounded 伤员　the rich 富人 The Greens are on holiday now. 格林一家(夫妇)正在度假。 5．用在逢十的年代前，表示“在某世纪几十年代”。 in the 1990's 在20世纪90年代 6．用在表示单位的名词前。 I hired the car by the hour. 我按小时租的这辆车。 7．用在表示身体部位的名词前，表示“打、抓住某人身体的某个部位”。 The police caught the thief by the arm. 警察抓住了小偷的胳膊。 8．与形容词或副词的比较级连用，一般用于以下两种情况： (1)用于“the＋比较级．..the＋比较级．..”结构中，表示“越……就越……”之意。 The more we do for the people，the happier we'll be. 我们为人民做得越多就越幸福。 (2)用在“the＋比较级＋of the two”结构中，表示“两个中较……的一个”。 She is the taller of the two girls. 她是两个女孩子中个子较高的那一个。 (二)定冠词用于固定搭配中 in the middle of 在……中间 in the end 最后 by the way 顺便说一下 in the distance 在远处 in the way 挡道 on the whole 总的来说 at the same time 同时 on the other hand 另一方面 to tell the truth 说实话 for the time being 暂时 on the spot 在现场 not in the least 一点也不 the other day 前几天 take the place of 代替 at the moment 此刻，目前 to the point 中肯，切题 make the most/best of 充分利用 三、零冠词的用法及固定搭配 (一)零冠词的用法 1．专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词。 He is living in Canada now. 他现在住在加拿大。 2．季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐前一般不加冠词。 We usually have breakfast at 7 o'clock. 我们通常7点吃早饭。 3．在学科名称、球类运动、棋类游戏等名词前不用冠词。 I'm interested in English. 我对英语感兴趣。 He is fond of playing chess. 他喜欢下棋。 4．表示独一无二的头衔和职务的名词作表语、同位语或补足语时，其前通常不用冠词。 Dr.Peter Spence，headmaster of the school，told us，“A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford or Cambridge.” 这所学校的校长彼得·斯彭思博士告诉我们说：“这里五分之一的学生都会到牛津大学或者剑桥大学继续学习。” 5．与by连用的表示交通工具、通信工程的名词前不用冠词。 Are you going there by plane or by ship? 你是乘飞机还是乘船去那里？ 6．系动词turn (变成)后的单数名词作表语时，不用冠词。 His brother has turned writer. 他弟弟已成为一名作家。 7．“零冠词＋单数名词＋as/though＋主语＋谓语”意为“尽管……但是……”。 Hero as/though he is，he has some shortcomings. 尽管他是个英雄，但是他也有一些缺点。 8．在“名词/代词＋介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，名词前不用冠词。 The teacher came in，book in hand. 老师手里拿着一本书走了进来。 (二)零冠词用于固定搭配中 at present 目前 take part in 参加 in peace 平静 by chance/accident 碰巧 on purpose 故意 on second thoughts 经再三考虑之后 ahead of time 提前 in advance 提前 by law 根据法律 by mistake 无意中；错误地 under repair 处于维修中 lose heart 灰心 out of control 失控 from morning till night 从早到晚 day and night 整日整夜 out of work 失业 in danger 处于危险之中 at risk 有危险 四、冠词的活用 1．用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前，使之具体化。这样的物质名词有rain，snow，fog，wind，drink，coffee，beer，fire，paper等；抽象名词有success，failure，surprise，pleasure，beauty，wonder，comfort，danger，shock等。 He suddenly appeared on a rainy night，which was a great surprise to us. 他在一个雨夜突然出现，这使我们非常吃惊。 After we prepared all the equipment for an outdoor shoot，suddenly a heavy rain came. 我们为户外拍摄做好一切准备后，突然下起了大雨。 2．不定冠词用于序数词前，强调“再一，又一”。 Live a good，honorable life.Then when you get older and think back，you'll get to enjoy it a second time. 过一种优质而高尚的生活。那样，当你逐渐老去，回首往事时，你会再次享受到生活的乐趣。 3．有形容词修饰的一日三餐、季节等名词前用不定冠词。 I'm sure this outing will last long，so bring a packed lunch. 我敢肯定这次郊游会持续很长时间，所以请带上自备的午餐。 4．表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前有修饰语时，用不定冠词。 a peaceful world 一个和平的世界 a bright moon 一轮明月 5．有无冠词意义不同的短语 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.用适当的冠词填空 1．It is ______ common mistake for students to present something as ____ proven fact when it is actually ______ opinion. 2．Li Hua has ______ good knowledge of English and this will be _____ advantage over others in finding ____ proper job. a a an a an a 3．After ___ short silence，the man told the doctor that he seized all the money that his father gave to his brother，who was abroad. 4. _______ most popular Shanxi noodle is the Daoxiao Noodle.This noodle is shaved from a giant block of dough (生面团) hoisted over the chef's shoulder. 5．I should be very interested to meet _____ man who you mentioned in the letter. a a The the 6．The only thing the woodman had was _____ good supper of a big sausage. 7. _____ number of results on why this kind of birds can't fly are extremely interesting. 8．When you finish reading the novel，you will have _____ better understanding of society. a A a 9．We can never expect _____ bluer sky unless we create _____ less polluted world. 10. ______ Shanghai of tomorrow is sure to create new splendor and spring up as another center of international economy. a a The Ⅱ.完成句子 1．跟传统的在校学习相比，在线学习可以随时随地进行。 Compared with traditional schooling，________________________ _____________________． 2．他总是提醒我：抱怨而不采取任何行动是没用的。 He always reminds me that _________________________________ _____________． learning online can happen anytime and anywhere it is no use complaining without taking any action 3．王教授推荐的那本书非常值得一读。 The book recommended by Professor Wang ___________________． 4．我很遗憾地通知你，你的申请未被接受。 I ________________________ your application has been rejected. 5．他兴奋地告诉我，那是他第一次坐飞机去旅游。 He told me excitedly ___________________________________ _________． is well worth reading regret to inform you that it was the first time that he had travelled by plane 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．He is so stubborn，so it's no use __________ (talk) to him again. 2．____________ (read) aloud is a good way to improve your spoken English. 3．Keep ____________ (hold) your position for a while. talking Reading holding 4．It's quite hot today.Do you feel like ____________ (go) for a swim? 5．When it comes to ____________ (speak) in public，no one can match him. 6．When we got a call ____________ (say) she was short-listed，we thought it was a joke. going　 speaking saying 7．They learn the principles of flight and test their __________ (operate) skills in the cockpit (驾驶舱) of a variety of flight simulators. 8. ____________ (select) the proper present，they sent it to their respectable professor. 9．The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, ____________ (allow) more patients to be treated. 10．__________________ (show) around the factory，they were very happy. operating Having selected　 allowing Having been shown Ⅱ.完成句子 1．很难想象他会不假思索地接受这个决定。 It is difficult to imagine ______________________________ without any consideration. 2．他早上起晚了，导致他上课迟到了。 ____________________________________ made him late for class. his accepting the decision His getting up late in the morning 3．我看见一个陌生人正溜进经理的办公室。 I saw a stranger ____________________ the manager's office. 4．聚集在校门口的那些男孩是我的同学。 The boys ____________________________ are my classmates. 5．女孩们一起坐在房子前面，有说有笑。 The girls sat together in front of the house, ________________________． sliding into gathering at the school gate talking and laughing Ⅲ.完形填空 My family is big on baseball.Grandpa 1 coached his team to two national games.Father was even asked to try out for the Los Angeles，one of the top teams in the US.Minutes before I was born，my 2 were watching a live baseball match on TV.You could say I was 3 to play the game，but frankly，I hated it at first.I spent most days at the baseball park.I really should have been 4 at baseball，for I practiced almost every day，but I was not. The same old routine continued for years.My dad and grandpa would make me practice and I would put no 5 into it，until around Grade 10.I was older and 6 than ever before.I finally 7 their true motivation: they wanted to 8 time with me.They were just trying to share a 9 part of their life with me and 10 me in something that had been in the family forever. 11 I got this，I stopped treating it as a burden and 12 it as a bonding experience. Now，I often 13 to play baseball with my dad or grandpa.The 14 practice and tough love I got from my 15 taught me a useful life lesson：Find out why someone does something before jumping to conclusions. [语篇解读]　尽管家人们都喜欢棒球，但作者在小学期间非常讨厌它。随着时间的推移，作者意识到了家人们强迫他一起打棒球的意义。 2 3 1 4 1．A.fairly　　　　　　　　 B．successfully C．naturally D．accidentally 答案：B 根据文章第一句“My family is big on baseball.”可知，“我”的家人都喜欢棒球，并且后面几句都是在讲述作者的家人们在棒球方面取得的成就和对棒球的热爱。故选B项。fairly“相当地；公平地”；naturally“表现自然地；天生地”；accidentally “偶然地；意外地”。 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2．A.parents B．coaches C．doctors D．neighbors 答案：A 本段主要是描述家人们对棒球的喜爱，此处应是描写作者的父母在作者出生前几分钟还在看棒球比赛。故A项符合语境。coach“教练”；doctor“医生”；neighbor “邻居”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3．A.ordered B．prepared C．honored D．born 答案：D 根据上文中的“Minutes before I was born”可知，此处属于原词复现，be born to do sth.意为“天生适合做某事”。故选D项。order“命令；订购”；prepare“准备”；honor“尊重；给……荣誉”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4．A.amazed B．disappointed C．great D．mad 答案：C be great at sth.意为“非常擅长某事”；结合上文语境，作者的家人都很擅长打棒球，那么作者作为家里的一员，且经常练习，也应该是擅长的。故选C项。amazed“感到惊奇的”；disappointed“失望的”；mad“疯狂的；恼火的”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5．A.effort B．wealth C．promise D．trust 答案：A 句意：我的爸爸和爷爷总会让我练习打棒球，而我直到十年级左右才为之付出努力(effort)。根据上文内容可知，作者讨厌棒球，由此推知，他之前并未为此付出努力。故A项最符合语境。wealth“财富”；promise“承诺”；trust“信任”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6．A.calmer B．smarter C．happier D．kinder 答案：B 根据下文内容可知，作者知道了爸爸和爷爷强迫自己打棒球的原因，说明自己变得比以前聪明了。故B项符合语境。calm“冷静的”；happy“开心的；高兴的；幸福的”；kind“友善的；宽容的”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7．A.searched for B．focused on C．benefited from D．figured out 答案：D 此处表示“我终于明白(figure out)了他们的真正动机”。根据下文语境可知，作者已经知道爸爸和爷爷的真正意图。故D项最符合语境。search for“寻找；搜寻”；focus on“集中(注意力、精力等)于……”；benefit from“得益于……；从……中受益”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8．A.save B．waste C．spend D．set 答案：C 句意：我终于明白了他们的真正动机：他们想花(spend)时间跟我在一起。结合语境及选项，C项最符合语境。save“节省；解救；储蓄”；waste“浪费”；set“放置”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9．A.normal B．special C．short D．general 答案：B 此处表示“他们只是想和我分享他们生命中特别的(special)那一部分”。根据上文可知，棒球对“我”的家人们来说是非常重要的、特别的，所以尽管“我”不喜欢，爸爸和爷爷还是迫使“我”练习。故B项最符合语境。normal“正常的”；short“短的”；general“一般的；普通的；大体的”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10．A.include B．spoil C．test D．judge 答案：A 根据上文可知，棒球是“我”全家都喜欢的运动，家人们也想让“我”参与其中。故选A项。spoil“溺爱；宠坏”；test“测试；检验”；judge“判断；断定”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11．A.Before B．Although C．Unless D．Once 答案：D 根据上文可知，作者理解了家人的目的，再结合语境及选项可推知，此处应选D项(一旦；当……时候)。before“在……之前”；although“尽管”；unless“除非”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12．A.expected B．described C．treasured D．reported 答案：C 结合文章内容可知，作者对待棒球的态度有了改变，不再是讨厌而应是珍惜(treasure)了。故C项最符合语境。expect“期望；预料；猜想”；describe“描述；叙述”；report“报告”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13．A.fail B．offer C．forget D．hesitate 答案：B 句意：现在我经常主动(offer)和爸爸或爷爷一起打棒球。结合上文可知，原来作者被强迫打球，而现在有所不同了，与上文形成对比。故B项最符合语境。fail“失败；不及格”；forget“忘记”；hesitate“犹豫；踌躇”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14．A.forced B．regrettable C．disturbed D．endless 答案：A 文章中多次提到作者不是自愿去练习打棒球，故根据语境并结合选项可推知，此处应选A项(被迫的)。regrettable“可惜的；令人遗憾的”；disturbed“烦恼的；不安的”；endless“无止境的；无穷无尽的”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15．A.team B．school C．neighborhood D．family 答案：D 由上文内容可知，作者全篇都是关于家人的。故D项最符合语境。team“团队”；school“学校”；neighborhood“社区；四邻”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ⅳ.语法填空 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了目标的重要性以及应该如何设定目标。 As we all know，goals are important in many ways.To begin with，setting goals gives you 1. focus in life.By setting goals you know where you are going and can work hard 2. (achieve) them in the future.Additionally，setting goals make you more 3. (confidence).When you achieve a goal，you see the result of your hard work and the progress you 4. (make) so far.However，a goal is a dream 5. needs actions.So how can you achieve goals 6. (success)？Above all，you should set goals that can be achieved.Goals should 7. (base)on your abilities and skills.Then you can break big goals into small ones.This will also offer you many 8. (opportunity) to succeed.Besides，you can put goals where you can see such as on your bedside table or on your bedroom wall.This will remind you 9. what you are working for and keep you 10. (focus). Hopefully，you will live a happy life. 1．考查冠词。句意：首先，设定目标可以让你的生活更加专注。focus为可数名词，此处为泛指，且focus的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。 答案：a 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：通过设定目标，你知道你要去哪里，并且可以在未来努力实现它们。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作目的状语，应用不定式。故填to achieve。 答案：to achieve 3．考查词性转换。句意：此外，设定目标会让你更自信。此处作宾语补足语，表示“自信”应用形容词confident。故填confident。 答案：confident 4．考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：当你达到一个目标时，你会看到你努力工作的结果和你迄今为止所取得的进步。根据下文so far可知，用现在完成时，主语是you，助动词用have。故填have made。 答案：have made 5．考查定语从句。句意：然而，目标是一个需要行动的梦想。定语从句修饰先行词dream，在从句中作主语，指物，故填that/which。 答案：that/which 6．考查词性转换。句意：那么，如何才能成功地实现目标呢？修饰动词achieve应用副词successfully，故填successfully。 答案：successfully 7．考查动词的语态。句意：目标应该基于你的能力和技能。be based on意为“以……为基础”。故填be based。 答案：be based 8．考查名词的单复数。句意：这也会给你带来很多成功的机会。根据上文many可知，opportunity应用复数形式。故填opportunities。 答案：opportunities 9.考查介词。句意：这会提醒你你工作是为了什么，让你保持专注。短语remind sb.of sth.表示“提醒某人某事”。故填of。 答案：of 10．考查词性转换。句意同上题。此处用形容词作宾语补足语。故填focused。 答案：focused $$