第10课 开发海洋·畅想未来-2024-2025学年七年级下册美术同步课件PPT(岭美版)

nullThe Mathematics of Perspective Drawing: From Vanishing Points to Projective Geometry Randall Pyke March 2019 This presentation: www.sfu.ca/~rpyke  presentations  perspective (www.sfu.ca/~rpyke/perspective.pdf) Perspective, from the Latin perspecta, which means ‘to look through’ The Mathematics of Perspective Drawing: From Vanishing Points to Projective Geometry Perspective, from the Latin perspecta, which means ‘to look through’ Look through a pane of glass at an object on the other side, The Mathematics of Perspective Drawing: From Vanishing Points to Projective Geometry The image we see traces out a shape on the glass From: D’Amelio We would like to ‘trace’ this image onto the window; this creates a 2 dimensional representation (‘rendering’) of the 3 dimensional scene – a painting! Different plane, different perspective… Humans have been making paintings since the beginning of time. Conceptual, metaphorical, but not realistic. Cave painting. Libyan desert, 7000 BC It took them a long time to figure out how to realistically create a 2 dimensional image of the 3 dimensional world (‘realism’). Even in the 14th Century paintings were not too realistic (however, they were very conceptual) Ambrogio Lorenzetti (Italian) 1290 - 1348 Giotto di Bondone (Italian) 1267 - 1337 12th Century, Song Dynasty In the 15th Century (Renaissance) painters began to understand how to make realistic paintings by introducing the third dimension into their renderings (‘realism’). Raffaello (Raphael) Sanzio da Urbino (Italian) 1483 – 1520 Raphael Pietro Perugino (Italian) 1452 - 1523 Georges Seurat One technique; trace the scene onto a translucent paper while maintaining a fixed point of view. But how to do this when you don’t have a scene to copy from? What are the rules? Tracing a scene on a window makes a realistic painting… observer Furthermore, objects may appear ‘distorted’ when traced out on the window. How to create the right distortion? Square object Trapezoidal image From: Kline Two Principles of Perspective Drawing: 1. Parallel lines meet at infinity: Vanishing points 2. Objects farther way appear smaller: Diminution of size But how to do this when you don’t have a scene to copy from? Tracing a scene on a window makes a realistic painting… Filippo Brunelleschi (1377 – 1446) was one of the first to discover the rules of perspective. He used a mirror to demonstrate the accuracy of his paintings. Using vanishing points and the diminution (shrinking) of sizes of distant objects create a sense of depth. From: D’Amelio Vanishing points; one technique for creating perspective. From: D’Amelio Photographs, of course, capture perspective accurately. Are there vanishing points here? Yes, one in the centre Several vanishing points. The horizon: Where the observer’s eye level is From: D’Amelio horizon Vanishing points: Parallel lines appear to converge (because the distance between them is diminishing with distance) These two lines are horizontal - parallel to the observer’s eye level - and so appear to converge on the observer’s horizon. horizon Vanishing points All lines in a given direction appear to converge to the same point horizon Vanishing points All lines in a given direction appear to converge to the same point Vanishing points horizon All parallel lines appear to converge 美术七年级下册第十课 授课老师：艺术知侣 第五单元· 我心中的大海 开发海洋 develop the ocean 畅想未来 imagine the future 目录 我们的海洋 科幻画概念 创作思路 创意实践 我们的海洋 01 海洋面积 海洋资源 海洋难题 我们的海洋 约3.61亿平方千米， 占全球总面积的71％。 海洋是地球上最大的生态系统之一，包含了各种生物和资源。 海洋资源 矿产资源：海底富含石油、天然气等资源。 生物资源：海洋生物、植物 能源资源：海洋的潮汐、海浪、海流等动力资源。例如潮汐电站、风能发电等等。 海洋难题 生活垃圾污染 油污染 生物多样性丧失 海平面上升、海洋温度升高、海水酸化等等。 移居海洋 “移居海洋”是人类未来的目标，科学家正在设计描绘前所未有的智能化“人造海岛”、“海上城市”、“海底世界”、“海洋农场”等，这样人类才能更充分地利用太阳能、风能、潮汐能等多种资源。 人造海岛 海上城市 人类现已开发的海洋项目 迪拜水下酒店 玻璃底游览船 海底餐厅 海底博物馆 海洋保护合理开发 人类只探索了海洋的5%，想一想，如果将剩下海洋的95%合理开发，未来的海洋世界会是怎样的呢？ 让我们来画一幅海洋科幻画表达我们的想法！ 科幻画概念 02 符合科学原理发明 什么是科幻画 科幻画 对未来世界的奇思幻想 用绘画形式表达 判断： 哪张不是科幻画？ ✔ ✔ ✖ ✖ 违反科学原理 没有科学内容 创作思路 03 1.确定主题内容 2.选择构图视点 3.选择表现技法 创作思路： 4.开始动笔作画 海洋环保：《海洋和谐卫士》 1.确定主题内容 海洋资源： 石油、天然气、海洋生物、潮汐、发电站等等。 海洋工作： 海洋城市、学校、医院、警局、车站等等。 海洋家园： 衣、食、住、行、游玩、海底农场等等。 移居海洋 海洋难题： 环境污染、生物灭绝、温度升高、海水酸化等。 主体突出、造型新颖 科技过程清晰 1.确定主题内容 2.选择构图视点 平视 仰视 俯视 3.选择表现技法 水粉 线描 油画棒 第一步 注意构图，定出主体的位置、大小，先画出大内容，再画小内容。 4.作画步骤 第二步 丰富画面，将造型细节刻画表现。 4.作画步骤 第三步 色彩有冷暖深浅 的变化，先从主体开始上颜色。 4.作画步骤 第四步 丰富画面、增加细节，一幅海洋科幻画完成！ 4.作画步骤 4.创意实践 要求： 以《保护海洋.开发海洋》为题，创作或者自定题目创作一幅海洋科幻画。 有科幻元素 有科幻内容场景 内容造型新颖 构图视点独特 海洋能源：《可燃冰加油站》 学生作品 学生作品 美术七年级下册第十课 授课老师：艺术知侣 第五单元· 我心中的大海 谢谢大家 thanks Lavf56.40.101 Packed by Bilibili XCoder v2.0.2 $$The Art and Science of Depiction Fredo Durand MIT- Lab for Computer Science Linear Perspective Perspective 2 Perspective 3 Assignments for Monday 30. • Solso Cognition and the Visual Arts – Chapter 8 & 9 • Final project – Firm subject Perspective 4 Plan of the next sessions • Drawing and projection • Denotation • Tone & color Perspective 5 Plan • Intro to perspective • History of Renaissance perspective – Early attempts – Bruneleschi – Alberti – De la Francesca – Leonardo – Dürer • Gadgets • Distortion issues Perspective 6 Perspective • Does linear perspective “occur” in nature – E.g. we “experience” foreshortening • Perspective or perspectives? Perspective 7 Pictorial depth cues • Occlusion • Size • Position relative to the horizon • Convergence of parallels, linear perspective • Shading, shadow • Texture gradient • Aerial perspective Perspective 8 Introduction to Perspective • Importance of the single viewpoint Perspective 9 Linear Perspective • Image as a window • St Jerome In His Study Antonello da Messina 1475 Perspective 10 Some accompanying concepts • Viewpoint • Foreshortening • Vanishing point • Very linked to architectural spaces Perspective 11 Primary/secondary geometry • Primary geometry – Description in 3D object-space • Secondary geometry – Description in 2D image-space Perspective 12 Plan • Intro to perspective • History of Renaissance perspective – Early attempts – Bruneleschi – Alberti – De la Francesca – Leonardo – Dürer • Gadgets • Distortion issues Perspective 13 Early attempts • St John the Baptist Retiring to the Desert Giovanni di Paolo 1454 Perspective 14 Early attempts • Giotto, 1297-1299 Perspective 15 Early attempts • Lorenzetti 1337-1340 Perspective 16 Early attempts • Lorenzetti 1337-1340 Perspective 17 Giotto’s rules • Lines and planes above eye level incline downwards when they move away • Below eye level upwards when they move away • Lines to the left incline inwards to the right Perspective 18 Giotto • Confirmation of the Rule of St Francis 1325 Perspective 19 Giotto • Confirmation of the Rule of St Francis 1325 Perspective 20 Early attempts • Pietro Lorenzetti, Birth of the Virgin 1342 Perspective 21 Plan • Intro to perspective • History of Renaissance perspective – Early attempts – Bruneleschi – Alberti – De la Francesca – Leonardo – Dürer • Gadgets • Distortion issues Perspective 22 Bruneleschi’s experiments, 1413 • Existing buildings • Measurement, surveying • Single viewpoint • First scientific mimesis Perspective 23 Bruneleschi’s experiment, 1413 Perspective 24 Bruneleschi’s second experiment • Cut out • Note that this is 2-point perspective Perspective 25 Limitations • Existing buildings • Requires measurement Perspective 26 Masaccio, The Trinity, 1427 • The oldest perspective painting • Probably measurement • Maybe helped by Bruneleschi Perspective 27 Masaccio, The Trinity, 1427 • The oldest perspective painting • Santa Maria Novella (Florence) Perspective 28 Masaccio, The Trinity, 1427 • The oldest perspective painting Perspective 29 Plan • Intro to perspective • History of Renaissance perspective – Early attempts – Bruneleschi – Alberti – De la Francesca – Leonardo – Dürer • Gadgets • Distortion issues Perspective 30 Leon Battista Alberti, On Painting • 1435 • Intersections of pyramids with image surface • Proportional triangles • Use side view for foreshortening • Check with diagonal • Use pavement as reference • Center = prince of rays Perspective Drawing and Projective Geometry Capstone WeiPing Li The Renaissance was a cultural movement that profoundly affected European intellectual life in the early modern period (15th century). Beginning in Italy, and spreading to the rest of Europe by the 16th century, its influence was felt in literature, philosophy, art, music, politics, science, religion, and other aspects of intellectual inquiry. Renaissance scholars employed the humanist method in study, and searched for realism and human emotion in art. Humanists asserted "the genius of man ... the unique and extraordinary ability of the human mind." One of the distinguishing features of Renaissance art was its development of highly realistic linear perspective. Giotto di Bondone (1267–1337) is credited with first treating a painting as a window into space, but it was not until the demonstrations of architect Filippo Brunelleschi (1377–1446) and the subsequent writings of Leon Battista Alberti (1404–1472) that perspective was formalized as an artistic technique. The development of perspective was part of a wider trend towards realism in the arts and reflecting the general world view of people connected to it. Painting not using Perspective Method: Initial word panel of Psalm Perspective method not used Perspective method not used Perspective method not used Perspective method not used Perspective method used: Masaccio, Trinity Perspective method used Perspective method used: Leonardo Da Vinci: Adoration (unfinished) Perspective method used Donatello: St. George and the Dragon Perspective method used Donatello: The Feast of Herod Perspective method used Donatello: The Feast of Herod Artists such as Masaccio strove to portray the human form realistically, developing techniques to render perspective and light more naturally. Political philosophers, most famously Niccolò Machiavelli, sought to describe political life as it really was, and to improve government on the basis of reason. The Renaissance could be viewed as an attempt by intellectuals to study and improve the secular and worldly, both through the revival of ideas from antiquity, and through novel approaches to thought. Perspective Drawing We think of the canvas as a glass screen. The light rays from the object pass through the screen arriving at viewer’s eye to form an image. Perspective drawing is the section produced by the intersection of the glass screen with the light rays. People Brunelleschi (1377-1446):discovered/invented perspective drawing Brunelleschi ‘s friends were the forerunners： Masaccio (1401 -1428) Masolino (1384-1447) Donatello (1386-1466) Alberti (1404-1472) published Della Pittura to popularize method of perspective drawing. Bronze statue of Fillipo Brunelleschi Brunelleschi: Santa Maria della Fiore, the Duomo, the Baptistry Leon Battista Alberti (1404—1474) Della Pittura The method of perspective drawing is developed from geometric principles in projecting 3-dim object onto 2- dim plane. Dürer perspective drawing device Dürer perspective drawing device Dürer perspective drawing device nullnullnull