2024年广东省中职英语基础知识暑假强化练习-阅读理解（科技文）

广东省中职英语广东省中职高考英语基础暑假特训- 阅读理解（科学文） (1) Have you ever seen a person choking on his or her food? Perhaps he or she needed the Heimlich maneuver. What is the Heimlich maneuver? It is a maneuver that can save a person from choking to death. Henry Heimlich was a doctor who in 1974 published information on the Heimlich maneuver. His methods of how to help someone from choking have saved over 50,000 people from dying. The Heimlich maneuver is a simple method, but it must be followed correctly. It should only be attempted after appropriate training. People can sometimes cause more harm to a victim if they perform this maneuver without training. When a piece of food gets lodged in the windpipe, it keeps you from breathing. This means that oxygen can't get to the brain. The brain can go no longer than four to six minutes without oxygen. That's why it is important to get the food out of the windpipe as quickly as possible. You can use the Heimlich maneuver to help other people. If you see a person choking, stand behind him or her and put both arms around the person's waist. Have the person lead forward just a little bit. Place one hand between the person's belly button and the rib cage. Make a fist with this hand. Be sure that your thumb is facing the stomach. Place your other hand over the fist. Press your open hand onto the hand in a fist in a sharp upward movement. This should force air out from the body to push out the blocked food. 1.Who was the Heimlich maneuver named after? （ ） A. Jonathon Heimlich,Ph.D. B. Frederick Heimlich III C. Jason Heimlich D. Henry Heimlich, M.D. 2. Based on reading the passage, where does the food get lodged? （ ） A. in the windpipe B. in the liver C. in the stomach D. in the intestine 3. Which paragraph would help you answer the previous question? （ ） A. second paragraph B. fourth paragraph C. first paragraph D. third paragraph 4.Without air, what happens to the brain? （ ） A. It can't get the oxygen it needs to be healthy. B. It will not be able to perform certain functions. C. It will go into a coma. D. The brain begins to override the intake of air. 5. Which of the following statements is true? ( ) A. Henry Heimlich was a nurse who in 1974 published information on the Heimlich maneuver. B. People will not cause more harm to a victim if they perform this maneuver without training. C. When a piece of food gets lodged in the windpipe, it keeps you from breathing. D. The Henry Heimlich helps someone from choking have killed over 50,000 people. (2) Our world is filled with viruses, bacteria, and fungi. Even the healthiest body can be attacked by one of these microscopic creatures. Millions of these microbes can be found in a spoonful of dust. But not all of these microbes are bad. Some of them are very good. The good ones help us digest our food. The bad ones are called germs. Germs enter our body through our mouth, nose, other openings, or even a cut on the skin. It is important that we get enough sleep and eat healthy foods so that our bodies can withstand the attack of these bad germs. The less healthy we are, the easier it is for these germs to mount an attack. These germs are spread by someone sneezing, coughing, or by touching door handles or other surfaces. We can also get some of these germs from some of the food we eat. These germs can be found in the water we drink. The older we get, the more experienced our body becomes at recognizing these germs and fighting them. The system that recognizes these germs is called our immune system. The cells in our immune system help us fight off these germs. 1. What are the names of microbes mentioned in this article? ( ) A. viruses, illness, fungi B. antibiotics C. viruses, germs, and colds D. viruses, bacteria, fungi 2.Which of the following statements is listed in the passage about germs? ( ) A. Germs enter our body through our mouth, nose, other openings, or even a cut on the skin. B. Billions of these microbes can be found in our bodies. C. Money has been raised to research more about how the immune system works. D. The cells in our immune system learn to decode bad germs. 3.Which paragraph helps you answer the previous question? ( ) A. second paragraph B. fourth paragraph C. first paragraph D. third paragraph 4.Without the immune system, what would happen? ( ) A. Our bodies could filter all the germs inside. B. There would be no predictable patterns. C. Another organ of the body would have to take over its role. D. The human body could not survive. 5. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Even the healthiest body can be attacked by one of these microscopic creatures. B. Millions of these microbes can’t be found in a spoonful of dust. C. The less healthy we are, the easier it is for these germs to mount an attack. D. The cells in our immune system help us fight off these germs. (3) For years, there has been speculation about whether or not there is life on Mars. Mars has always been an intriguing planet to humans. For centuries, stories have been told and retold about Martians invading the earth. Does life really exist on Mars? A group of scientists have been working to find out. One of the latest space probes to travel to Mars was the Odyssey sent by NASA, the U.S. space agency. The Odyssey traveled through space for about seven months before it reached the orbit of Mars. It orbited about 200 miles from Mars ‘surface. The most important task for the Odyssey is to identify signs of water. Water means that there are possible signs of life. There are many important instruments on the Odyssey. The Gamma ray spectrometer is an instrument that is used to detect oxygen and carbon on the surface of Mars. The solar array collects energy from the sun. This is how the Odyssey gets its power. The cameras are used to orient the Odyssey. Communication to earth is possible through the antenna. The Martian radiation environment experiment tests levels of radiation. And finally, the imaging system locates minerals on Mars ‘surface. Because of the Odyssey, scientists have gained valuable information about the planet Mars. 1. Which instrument allows the Odyssey able to communicate with earth? ( ) A. radiation environment experiment. B. imaging system. C. gamma ray spectrometer. D. antenna. 2. What is the meaning of the word orient as used in this passage? ( ) A. arrange B. modify C. adjust D. opposite 3. What is the purpose of the third paragraph? ( ) A. to explain how the Odyssey was developed. B. to explain how the animals survive on other planets. C. to explain how scientists designed the Odyssey. D. to explain the instruments on the Odyssey. 4. Where would you read to find out about the travels and tasks of the Odyssey? ( ) A. first paragraph. B. second paragraph. C. end of the third paragraph. D. end of the second paragraph. 5. Which of the following statements is NOT true? ( ) A. Mars has always been an intriguing planet to humans. B. The Odyssey traveled through space for about nine months before it reached the orbit of Mars. C. The most important task for the Odyssey is to identify signs of water. D. The Gamma ray spectrometer is an instrument that is used to detect oxygen and carbon on the surface of Mars. (4) A coral reef is a beautiful underwater community filled with many different types of species. You can find fish, coral, sea plants, and much more. These coral reefs have been around for millions and millions of years. Recently, some scientists believe that coral reefs may be in danger. Scientists believe that pollution and human error has destroyed more than a quarter of the world's coral reefs. Some of the living animals that make up the coral reefs are struggling to survive. For example, coral looks and feels like rock. This causes people to treat coral like rocks. But coral is actually made up of tiny, clear animals. These animals are called coral polyps. The coral stick together to form large colonies. When the coral polyps die, they leave a hard shell of limestone behind. Coral gets its color from tiny sea plants called algae. There is a delicate balance between the algae and the coral. Coral reefs provide homes and shelter for many sea animals and plants. Pollution and bad fishing practices have caused harm to the coral and algae. Another problem is the warming of the water. The algae cannot live in warmer waters and therefore, the coral loses its source of food and color. This process has been named coral bleaching. Scientists are working hard to find solutions to the problems in coral reefs. Their goal is to protect and preserve this natural resource. 1. What is coral made up of? ( ) A. sea anemone B. seaweed and moss C. tiny, clear animals D. rocks and crevices 2. When coral reefs die, they leave a hard shell of ( ) A. calcium. B. carbon dioxide C. helium. D.limestone. 3.What does the word error mean as used in the passage? ( ) A. extraordinary B. inhibited C. fault D.progressive 4.What is the main idea of this reading passage? ( ) A. to inform the reader about the coral reefs and their uniqueness B. to inform the reader about how coral bleaching occurs C. to explain the difference between the two different types of corals D. to explain the life of marine biologists 5. Which of the following statements is true? ( ) A. A coral reef is a beautiful underground community filled with many different types of species. B. These coral reefs have been around for millions and millions of years. C. Some of the dead animals that make up the coral reefs are struggling to survive. D. Coral reefs provide foods and air for many sea animals and plants. (5) Nocturnal animals are simply animals that are more active at night. ___1___. They also live in a den or a burrow so they are hidden from the sun and the sounds of activity. Many nocturnal animals live in the desert. ___2___. You may wonder how nocturnal animals can see in the darkness. ___3___. Owls, cats, and lemurs all have eyes that see better at night. Bats, on the other hand, use sound as a way for them to find their way around. ___4____. Some scientists are finding that nocturnal animals that live close to housing developments or other commercial buildings are having a difficult time. ___5___. For example, the sea turtle in Florida lays her eggs at night. When the babies hatch at night and head for the ocean, they can be taken off course by the bright lights. Scientists are studying this problem to find a solution. A. They prefer to come out at night so they can avoid the extreme temperatures of the daytime B. Most nocturnal animals have special eyes that help them see at night C. This is called echolocation D. Nocturnal animals typically sleep during the day E. This is because these buildings have lights on all night, lighting up the surrounding area 1_______ 2________ 3_________ 4_________5________ 答案：(1) DAAAC (2) DAADB (3)DCDBB (4)CDCAB (5)DABCE 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$