Unit 4 History and Traditions 单词课前案-2023-2024学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第二册

教师寄语：Time is flying away, and years are passing. Class: Name: ID: Unit 4 History and Traditions单词课前案 1.puzzle n.迷；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑 变形：puzzling adj.令人迷惑的　puzzled adj.困惑的 1 in a puzzle　感到困惑；不知如何是好 ②(be) a puzzle to sb... ……对某人来说仍是个谜 ③puzzle about/over 冥思苦想；苦苦思索 ④be puzzled about = be in a puzzle about=be puzzled with 对……迷惑不解 (1)The puzzled look on her face suggested she was puzzling over the puzzling math problem. _______________________________________________________________________________ 2.break away (from sb/sth) 脱离；背叛；逃脱 拓展：break down 损坏；发生故障；衰弱 break in 打断；插嘴说；闯入 break into 闯入……；爆发 break out (战争)爆发；(火灾)突然发生 break up 分解；解散；破裂 (1)No sooner had he stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3.belong vi.应在(某处)；适应　 变形：belongings n.财产；所有物；相关事物 belong to 　　属于；是……的一员 (1)（2019浙江高考）学生们感觉他们属于一个特殊的群体。 _________________________________________________________________________________ (2)China, _________ to the third world, is a developing country.  注意：“belong to”中的to是介词，该短语既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态； 后接名词或代词宾格，不跟名词性物主代词（如 mine, hers, his, yours等）。 4.as well as同(一样也)；和；还 ①as well as功能上相当于介词，后接名词或动名词，位于句首时，相当于besides, in addition to。 ②as well as在功能上相当于连词，连接两个相同的成分。连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词应与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 ③as well as用于同级比较，意为：和……一样好。 (1)The famous musician, as well as his students, _____________(invite) to perform at the opening ceremony last month. (2)We can know more about the life of great people _______________________ of other countries.我们不仅可以更多地了解伟人的生活而且可以了解其他国家的历史和文化。 5.defence n.防御；防卫 变形：defend vt. 防御；防卫；保护；辩护 ①in defence (of)　为了保卫（……）；为了保护 ②defend oneself 自卫；为......辩护 defend against 抵御 ③defend sb. from/against 保护某人免受…… (1)He gave his life ____________________his country.他为保卫祖国献出了生命。 (2)He made a long speech ________________________.他作了长篇演讲来捍卫他的观点不会遭到反对。 6.surround vt.围绕；包围 变形：surrounding adj.周围的　surroundings n.环境 ①surround...with/by...　　以……包围…… ②be surrounded by/with... 被……包围 (1)Once upon a time，a king who was polite to (surround) countries lived in a castle __________ (surround) by a large forest and having wonderful ________________.(surround) 7. charge 收费；指控；主管　vt. 收费；控告；充电(教材P42) take charge of 接管/负责…… in charge of 负责/主管…… in the charge of =under the charge of =in one’s charge 受……的管理 charge sb. (sth.) for sth. 为某物向某人收取费用 charge sb. with (doing) sth. 控告某人(做)某事 free of charge 免费 (1)Mr Hall used to be an editor and take charge ________ the business part of the paper. (2)The court charged him ________ theft. (3)I'm not going there again—they charged me $10 ________ a cup of coffee! (4)It was said that an expert from Beijing was ________ charge of the operation. 8. announce vt.宣布；通知；声称 变形: announcer n.播音员，广播员　announcement n.通告，宣告 announce sth to sb (＝announce to sb sth) 向某人宣布某事announce (to sb) that... (向某人)宣布…… make an announcement that... 宣布…… It is announced that… 据说……据宣布… ①We have launched another man­made satellite, which ____________(announce)in today’s newspaper. ②Jobs’ ______________ (announce) wasn’t surprising, considering his long struggle with cancer. 9. amount n.数量 ①a large amount of/ large amounts of...意为：很多，其后常常接不可数名词。 ②“a large amount of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数； “large amounts of ＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 ③amount to 总计为…… [注意]归类“大量的”短语 ①a great deal of只能修饰不可数名词； ②a large number of只能修饰可数名词复数； ③a lot of, plenty of, a large quantity of既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。 (1)A large amount of money ___________(spend) on books every month. (2)Large amounts of time ____________(need) in dealing with the problem. 10. approach n. 方法；途径；接近　vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理　vi. 靠近(教材P42) 变形：approachable 可接近的，友好的 be approaching 临近，靠近 with sth. approaching 在……临近的时候 (an/the) approach to (doing) 接近；近似；(做某事)的方法/途径 at the approach of 在快到……的时候 拓展：表示方法的同义词：approach，way，means，method ①Everyone has their own approach to __________(deal)with them. ②All the ________ (approach) to the airport were blocked by the police yesterday. ③Students are delighted at the approach ________ the summer vacation. 11. eager adj. 热切的；渴望的(教材P43) be eager for ... 急于得到…… be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事 be eager for sb. to do sth. 渴望某人做某事 be eager that ... 热切希望……(从句的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略) 许多学生渴望找到一个能在短期内提高英语写作水平的好方法。 Many students are_eager_to_find a good way to have their written English improved in a short period. 表示“渴望……”的其他表达还有哪些？ be dying/anxious to do sth./for sth. be thirsty for sth. long to do sth/for sth. 12. evidence n. 证据；证明 归纳拓展：(1)There is some evidence that ... 有证据证明…… (2)evident adj. 明显的It is evident that ... 很明显…… (3)evidently adv. 明显地，显然 ③_________,_he has not made up his mind yet. 显然他还没有拿定主意。 13. fascinating adj. 极有吸引力的；迷人的(教材P41) 拓展：fascinate v. 深深吸引；迷住 fascinated adj. 入迷的；极感兴趣的 (1) Madagascar is the most fascinating place I have ever been to. 马达加斯加_____________________________________________ 14. greet vt. 问候；迎接(教材P44) (1)greet sb. with 以……迎接/接待某人 be greeted with/by 受到……的对待/接待 (2)greeting n. 问候；招呼；迎接；致意 As I approached, she gave me a nod of ________.我走近时，她对我点头致意。 15. generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的；丰富的(教材P42) (1)be generous to sb. 对某人慷慨/大方 be generous with sth. 在……上面很慷慨/大方 It is generous of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事真是宽宏大量/真大方。 (2)generosity n. 慷慨；大方；宽宏大量 (3)generously adv. 慷慨地；大方地 16. individual adj. 单独的；个别的　n. 个人(教材P39) (1)individual resume 个人简介； 个人简历 individual account 个人账户 (2)individually adv. 单独地；个别地 17. crowd n. 人群；一群人；民众　vt. 挤满；使……拥挤 (1)a crowd of/crowds of 成群的……；一群…… the crowd 群众；老百姓；凡夫俗子 (2)crowd around/round ... 聚集在……周围；聚拢 crowd ... into/onto ... 把……装满, 大批涌入 There were _______ ___ people waiting to get in. 有成群的人在等着进去。 18. achievement 1)【C】成就；成绩 a sense of achievement 成就感 a sense of humor 幽默感 make an achievement/achievements 取得成就 2)【U】达到 不可数n. achieve vt 达到；实现 achieve one’s aim/goal 达到目的、实现目标 (1)They felt a great sense of _________ to see their children’s ______________. (achieve) (2)The evidence shows that they _____ ______ _______ __________ in many ways. (已经取得巨大成就) 19. location 【C】 n 地点；位置 the exact location 确切的位置 locate vt 1)找到…的位置 locate the city in the map 在地图上找到这个城市 2)坐落于 be located 坐落于、位于 (1) China _________________(位于） in the east of Asia with the area of 9,600,000 square kilometers. (2) Pingyi, _____________（locate）at the foot of Mount Meng is a beautiful city. 20. ensure vt 保证；确保 ensure the safety of …确保…的安全 (1)These road facilities are used __________ (ensure) the safety of the cyclists. (2)The police’s duty is to ____________________（确保…的安全）citizens. 1 A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$