Unit 5 Learning About Language（导学案) -【帮课堂】2024-2025学年高二英语同步学与练（人教版2019选择性必修第二册）

Unit 5 First Aid Period 2 Learning About Language（导学案） 2024年课程标准 学习目标 本单元主题为First Aid，该主题属于“人与自然”范畴下“灾害防范”主题群，涉及的子主题内容为“安全常识与自我保护”；同时也属于“人与自我”范畴下“做人与做事”主题群，涉及子主题内容为“生命的意义与价值”。 【语言能力】 动词-ing形式作主语、表语、宾语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等成分； 复习和归纳动词-ing形式的各种用法和功能。 【思维品质】 在语境中正确使用动词-ing形式的各种结构。 【文化意识】 学习急救知识，掌握救援方法和流程。 【观察例句】 (1 ) Caught in a heavy rain in Vancouver, they were all wet. =Because they were caught in a heavy rain in Vancouver, … (2) Taking a boat ride out into the bay, they could see marvelous scenery. =Because they took a boat ride out into the bay, … (3) When passing through the Canadian Rockies, they saw beautiful mountains and forests. =When they were passing through the Canadian Rockies, … (4) When/If given another chance, they will pay a visit to Toronto once more. =When/If they are given another chance, … (5) They are planning to fly to Vancouver, followed by a train trip. =They are planning to fly to Vancouver and then the trip is followed by a train trip. (6) The two girls arose early to take the train to Lake Louise, passing through the Canadian Rockies. =The two girls arose early to take the train to Lake Louise and at the same time, they passed through the Canadian Rockies. 复习动词­ing形式 ►1.动词­ing形式的基本情况： 1．动词ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，包括现在分词和动名词两种。动词ing形式在句中的语法作用：动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，现在分词在句中作状语、宾语补足语和定语。 2．动词ing形式的时态和语态： 语态   时态　　　 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language.大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。 Having studied his lessons very hard，he passed the exam.努力学习了功课，他通过了考试。 The building being built now will be finished next month.正在建设的建筑物下个月将完工。 ►2.动词­ing形式作主语： 1．动词ing形式作主语时，往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，通常置于句首。 Saying is one thing，and doing is another.说是一回事，而做是另一回事。 Having a walk every day helps to make one keep healthy.每天散步有助于一个人保持健康。 [名师点津]动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Climbing mountains is really difficult for the old.对于老人来说爬山确实困难。 2．形式主语it代替动词ing形式作主语。 此类句式常见的有：It's a waste of time doing sth.做某事是浪费时间 It's useless/worthwhile doing sth.做某事没用/是值得的 It's no good/use/fun doing sth.做某事没好处/没用/没意思 It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.劝说这种人加入我们是浪费时间。 It is no good/use regretting for the past.悔恨过去是没用的。 3．v.ing形式和to do作主语时的区别。v．ing形式和to do都可以作主语。v.ing形式作主语表示比较抽象的一般行为，to do作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。 Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火危险。(泛指) Singing is my hobby，and to sing at my friend's birthday party is my dream.唱歌是我的爱好，在朋友的生日宴会上唱歌是我的梦想。 ►3.动词­ing形式作宾语： 1．作动词的宾语。接v.ing形式作宾语的常用动词(短语)有： avoid，miss，delay/put off 避免错过少延期 advise，finish，practise建议完成多练习 enjoy，imagine，can'thelp 喜欢想象禁不住 admit，deny，envy承认否定与嫉妒 escape，risk，excuse逃避冒险莫原谅 stand，keep，mind 忍受保持不介意 He admitted referring to his notes in the exam.他承认在考试中查阅了笔记。 She can't stand being looked down upon in public.她忍受不了在公众场合被人看不起的感觉。 Would you mind opening the window?你介意打开窗子吗？ He tried to avoid answering my questions.他试图对我的问题避而不答。 2．作介词的宾语。在下面的短语中，常用动词­ing形式作介词的宾语： be good at擅长；dream of梦想；care about在乎；be concerned about关心；be interested in对……感兴趣；feel like想要；insist on坚持；think of认为；aim at瞄准；set about开始做；be used to习惯于；get down to开始做；lead to导致；devote oneself to 献身于……；look forward to 期待；stick to 坚持；pay attention to注意；give up放弃等。 I dream of sailing around the world and leading a happy life.我梦想着环游世界，过上幸福的生活。 He insisted on doing it in his own way.他坚持要按照自己的方法做。 I'm looking forward to your coming next time.我期待着你下一次的到来。 Because of the bad weather，they have to give up going out for a picnic tomorrow. 因为天气不好，他们不得不放弃明天的外出野餐。 3．在以下结构中，动词­ing形式作介词的宾语，介词常省略。 spend...(in) doing花费……做某事 have difficulty/trouble(in) doing...做……有困难/麻烦 stop/prevent...(from)doing阻止……做某事 waste time (in) doing浪费时间做某事 be busy (in) doing忙于做某事 have a good/hard time (in)doing高兴做某事/费了很大劲做某事 There is no point (in)doing做某事毫无意义 He is always busy working every day，which has made him have little time to play with his child. 他每天总是忙于工作，这使他很少有时间和孩子一起玩。 There is no point giving him such a good chance.给他提供这样一个好机会没有意义。 ►4.动词­ing形式作主语、宾语时的几个特殊情况： (1)动词­ing的复合结构＋动词­ing His/Tom's being late made the teacher very angry.他的/汤姆的迟到使老师很生气。 Would you mind my/me closing the window?你介意我关上窗户吗？ Would you mind Mary's/Mary closing the window?你介意玛丽关上窗户吗？ [名师点津] 动词­ing的复合结构的否定形式为：形容词性物主代词/代词(宾格)/名词/名词的所有格＋not doing...。 Jerry's not arriving on time made the people present angry.杰里未能按时到达令在场的人很生气。 (2)某些动词及动词短语后面既可以用不定式也可以用动词­ing作宾语。 ①动词begin，start，continue等词后既可跟不定式，又可跟动词­ing作宾语，意义基本相同。 They continued discussing/to discuss the plan after having a rest.休息了一会后，他们继续讨论这项计划。 ②动词love，like，hate等后可跟动词­ing和不定式作宾语，但接动词­ing表示经常性的情况，接不定式表示具体的动作。 I love walking with my friend on a sunny day.(习惯)我喜欢和朋友在一个阳光明媚的日子里散步。 It is a pleasant day today，so I love to have a walk with my friend.(具体)今天是个令人愉快的日子，所以我想和朋友一起散散步。 ③一些动词后既可跟动词­ing作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语，但意义有很大差别。 He forgot turning the light off.他忘记他已经关了灯。 The light in the office is still on.He forgot to turn it off.办公室的灯还亮着。他忘记关了。 (3)用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词­ing形式。 其结构如下： 主语＋it＋＋doing... I found it useless/no use arguing about it. 我发现争论这件事没有用。 Do you consider it any good trying again? 你觉得再试会有用吗？ (4)在动词need，require，want，deserve后，用动词­ing形式表示被动意义，即need/require/want/deserve doing＝need/require/want/ deserve to be done。 These clothes need washing.＝These clothes need to be washed.这些衣服需要洗。 The house requires repairing.＝The house requires to be repaired.这座房子需要修理。 (5)在(be)worth后面只能用动词­ing形式来表示被动意义。 The film is worth seeing a second time.这部电影值得再看一次。 ►5.动词­ing形式作表语： 作表语的动词­ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。 1．动名词(短语)作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为，用来说明主语的内容，与主语通常是同一概念，表语和主语常可互换位置。 One of his weaknesses is telling lies.＝Telling lies is one of his weaknesses.他的缺点之一就是说谎。 His hobby is reading books in his spare time.＝Reading books in his spare time is his hobby. 他的爱好是在业余时间读书。 2．现在分词(短语)作表语，表示主语的某种性质和特征，这类分词通常可以看作形容词。 Her performance is very entertaining，which brings us much pleasure. 她的表演非常有趣，给我们带来很多乐趣。 The trip is very exciting，and we have decided to have a similar one.这次旅行很是激动人心，我们已决定再进行一次类似的旅行。 [名师点津] 作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有：moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing...这类分词有“令人……的”的含义，常修饰物。 ►6.动词­ing作定语： 1．动名词(短语)作定语，表示名词的属性、作用或用途，作“供……用”讲，常置于被修饰的名词前。 There is a swimming pool in our school. 我们学校有一个游泳池。 Students are not permitted to speak aloud in the reading room.在阅览室里学生们不许大声喧哗。 2．现在分词(短语)作定语，表示所修饰词的动作或状态，被修饰词与现在分词之间是主动关系，相当于一个定语从句。 The boys gathering at the school gate are my classmates.＝The boys who are gathering at the school gate are my classmates. 聚集在校门口的那些男孩是我的同学。 The girl performing on the stage has a gift for dance.＝ The girl who is performing on the stage has a gift for dance. 那个在舞台上表演的女孩有舞蹈天赋。 ►7.动词­ing形式作宾语补足语： 动词­ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。动词­ing形式常作以下动词的宾语补足语。 1．动词­ing位于感官动词后：feel，smell，listento，hear，watch，see，notice，observe等。 I felt someone patting me on the shoulder. 我感觉有人在拍我的肩膀。 When he passed the swimming pool，he saw someone swimming init. 当他经过游泳池时，他看见有人在游泳。 [名师点津] 动词­ing与动词不定式在感官动词后的意义 在see，hear，watch等感官动词后，用动词­ing形式作宾语补足语表示动作正在进行；用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语表示动作从开始到结束的全过程。 I heard Mary singing in the next room.(动作正在进行) 我听到玛丽在隔壁唱歌。 I heard Mary sing a song in the next room last night.(动作全过程)昨晚我听到玛丽在隔壁唱歌。 2．动词­ing位于使役动词后：have，keep，get，leave，set，make，send等。 She couldn't have him getting away with telling lies. 她不能容忍他撒了谎而不受惩罚。 Please don't keep the little boy staying alone. 不要让这个男孩独自待着。 3．用于with复合结构中。 I couldn't do my homework with the noise going on. 由于噪音不断，我没法做家庭作业。 With so many people looking at her，she feels nervous. 这么多人看着她，她感到很紧张。 ►8.动词­ing形式作状语： 1．作时间状语。 Hearing the news，he couldn't help laughing. ＝When he heard the news，he couldn't help laughing.一听到那个消息，他禁不住大笑起来。 2．作原因状语。 Not knowing her address，I had better telephone her to come over. ＝As I don't know her address，I had better telephone her to come over. 由于不知道她的地址，我还是打电话让她过来为好。 3．作条件状语。 Working hard，you'll surely succeed. ＝If you work hard，you'll surely succeed. 如果努力工作，你就一定会成功。 4．作结果状语。 The child slipped and fell，hitting his head against the door. ＝The child slipped and fell，and hit his head against the door. 那个男孩滑了一跤，头撞到了门上。 [名师点津] 现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加only。 I hurried to school，only to find it was Sunday. 我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。 5．作让步状语。 Having been told many times，he still didn't learn these rules by heart. ＝Although he had been told many times，he still didn't learn these rules by heart. 尽管被告知了很多次，他还是没把这些规定记住。 6．作伴随状语。 Morris lay on the grass，staring at the sky for a long time. ＝Morris lay on the grass and stared at the sky for a long time. 莫里斯躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。 The boy sat in front of the farmhouse，cutting the branches. ＝The boy sat in front of the farmhouse，and cut the branches. 那个男孩坐在农舍前砍树枝。 7．作方式状语。 He came running back to tell me the news. 他跑回来告诉我这个消息。 [名师点津] 动词­ing形式作状语时，相当于与之对应的状语从句，但是当作伴随状语及结果状语时，可转化为并列谓语。 【总结感悟】-构建知识体系 1、 补全下面句子 1. The violent ________ of the ship upset his stomach. (n. the act or process of moving) 2. It was John's quick action and ________ methods that saved Ms Slade's life. (adj. able to provide effective solutions to problems) 3. The doctors made one last ________ attempt to save the boy's life. (adj. feeling that you have no hope and are ready to do anything to change the bad situation you are in) 4. You should carry your ________ card with you at all times. (n. when someone is a member of a club, group, or organization) 5. The government plans to establish a new hospital in the ________ to meet the needs of people. (n. the outer area of a town) 6. These organizations have fought very hard for the rights and ________ of patients. (n.  physical and mental health and happiness, especially of a person) 二、完成下列句子 1．每一天他都按时交作业。(have的复合结构) ________________________________________________ 2．我建议你和父母推心置腹地谈一谈。(heart to heart) ________________________________________________ 3．在恶劣的环境下长时间的努力工作使他的健康状况不佳。(out of shape) ________________________________________________ 4．像很多其他女孩一样，她渴望在英语上取得很大的进步。(desperate) ________________________________________________ 5．当谈到如何摆脱压力，你乐观的态度很重要。(count) ________________________________________________ 三、语法填空 Unluckily for my son Joey, he was born with two diseased feet. The doctor said that he would be able to walk with 1.________ (treat) but would never run very well. The first three years of his life 2.________ (spend) in hospital.By the time Joey was eight, he could walk as 3.________ (normal) as others. Children in our neighborhood always ran around during their play, 4.________ Joey would run and play, too.In the seventh grade, he decided to join the school running team. 5.________ (know) that only the top seven runners would be chosen, he trained 6.________ (hard) than anyone else.  He ran four 7.________  five miles every day, even when he had a fever.One day, I went to see him and found him 8.________ (run) alone in the playground.  I asked him 9.________ he felt. “I'm OK，” he said. He still had two more miles to run. So he kept running.Two weeks later, the seven team members were picked out, among 10.________ Joey was number six. Joey's efforts paid off. I was very proud of him. ( 3 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 5 First Aid Period 2 Learning About Language（导学案） 2024年课程标准 学习目标 本单元主题为First Aid，该主题属于“人与自然”范畴下“灾害防范”主题群，涉及的子主题内容为“安全常识与自我保护”；同时也属于“人与自我”范畴下“做人与做事”主题群，涉及子主题内容为“生命的意义与价值”。 【语言能力】 动词-ing形式作主语、表语、宾语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等成分； 复习和归纳动词-ing形式的各种用法和功能。 【思维品质】 在语境中正确使用动词-ing形式的各种结构。 【文化意识】 学习急救知识，掌握救援方法和流程。 【观察例句】 (1 ) Caught in a heavy rain in Vancouver, they were all wet. =Because they were caught in a heavy rain in Vancouver, … (2) Taking a boat ride out into the bay, they could see marvelous scenery. =Because they took a boat ride out into the bay, … (3) When passing through the Canadian Rockies, they saw beautiful mountains and forests. =When they were passing through the Canadian Rockies, … (4) When/If given another chance, they will pay a visit to Toronto once more. =When/If they are given another chance, … (5) They are planning to fly to Vancouver, followed by a train trip. =They are planning to fly to Vancouver and then the trip is followed by a train trip. (6) The two girls arose early to take the train to Lake Louise, passing through the Canadian Rockies. =The two girls arose early to take the train to Lake Louise and at the same time, they passed through the Canadian Rockies. 【归纳用法】 比较-ed和-ing形式做状语时，可表示原因、时间、条件和伴随，-ed形式与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，而-ing形式则表示主动关系。 复习动词­ing形式 ►1.动词­ing形式的基本情况： 1．动词ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，包括现在分词和动名词两种。动词ing形式在句中的语法作用：动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，现在分词在句中作状语、宾语补足语和定语。 2．动词ing形式的时态和语态： 语态   时态　　　 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language.大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。 Having studied his lessons very hard，he passed the exam.努力学习了功课，他通过了考试。 The building being built now will be finished next month.正在建设的建筑物下个月将完工。 ►2.动词­ing形式作主语： 1．动词ing形式作主语时，往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，通常置于句首。 Saying is one thing，and doing is another.说是一回事，而做是另一回事。 Having a walk every day helps to make one keep healthy.每天散步有助于一个人保持健康。 [名师点津]动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Climbing mountains is really difficult for the old.对于老人来说爬山确实困难。 2．形式主语it代替动词ing形式作主语。 此类句式常见的有：It's a waste of time doing sth.做某事是浪费时间 It's useless/worthwhile doing sth.做某事没用/是值得的 It's no good/use/fun doing sth.做某事没好处/没用/没意思 It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.劝说这种人加入我们是浪费时间。 It is no good/use regretting for the past.悔恨过去是没用的。 3．v.ing形式和to do作主语时的区别。v．ing形式和to do都可以作主语。v.ing形式作主语表示比较抽象的一般行为，to do作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。 Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火危险。(泛指) Singing is my hobby，and to sing at my friend's birthday party is my dream.唱歌是我的爱好，在朋友的生日宴会上唱歌是我的梦想。 ►3.动词­ing形式作宾语： 1．作动词的宾语。接v.ing形式作宾语的常用动词(短语)有： avoid，miss，delay/put off 避免错过少延期 advise，finish，practise建议完成多练习 enjoy，imagine，can'thelp 喜欢想象禁不住 admit，deny，envy承认否定与嫉妒 escape，risk，excuse逃避冒险莫原谅 stand，keep，mind 忍受保持不介意 He admitted referring to his notes in the exam.他承认在考试中查阅了笔记。 She can't stand being looked down upon in public.她忍受不了在公众场合被人看不起的感觉。 Would you mind opening the window?你介意打开窗子吗？ He tried to avoid answering my questions.他试图对我的问题避而不答。 2．作介词的宾语。在下面的短语中，常用动词­ing形式作介词的宾语： be good at擅长；dream of梦想；care about在乎；be concerned about关心；be interested in对……感兴趣；feel like想要；insist on坚持；think of认为；aim at瞄准；set about开始做；be used to习惯于；get down to开始做；lead to导致；devote oneself to 献身于……；look forward to 期待；stick to 坚持；pay attention to注意；give up放弃等。 I dream of sailing around the world and leading a happy life.我梦想着环游世界，过上幸福的生活。 He insisted on doing it in his own way.他坚持要按照自己的方法做。 I'm looking forward to your coming next time.我期待着你下一次的到来。 Because of the bad weather，they have to give up going out for a picnic tomorrow. 因为天气不好，他们不得不放弃明天的外出野餐。 3．在以下结构中，动词­ing形式作介词的宾语，介词常省略。 spend...(in) doing花费……做某事 have difficulty/trouble(in) doing...做……有困难/麻烦 stop/prevent...(from)doing阻止……做某事 waste time (in) doing浪费时间做某事 be busy (in) doing忙于做某事 have a good/hard time (in)doing高兴做某事/费了很大劲做某事 There is no point (in)doing做某事毫无意义 He is always busy working every day，which has made him have little time to play with his child. 他每天总是忙于工作，这使他很少有时间和孩子一起玩。 There is no point giving him such a good chance.给他提供这样一个好机会没有意义。 ►4.动词­ing形式作主语、宾语时的几个特殊情况： (1)动词­ing的复合结构＋动词­ing His/Tom's being late made the teacher very angry.他的/汤姆的迟到使老师很生气。 Would you mind my/me closing the window?你介意我关上窗户吗？ Would you mind Mary's/Mary closing the window?你介意玛丽关上窗户吗？ [名师点津] 动词­ing的复合结构的否定形式为：形容词性物主代词/代词(宾格)/名词/名词的所有格＋not doing...。 Jerry's not arriving on time made the people present angry.杰里未能按时到达令在场的人很生气。 (2)某些动词及动词短语后面既可以用不定式也可以用动词­ing作宾语。 ①动词begin，start，continue等词后既可跟不定式，又可跟动词­ing作宾语，意义基本相同。 They continued discussing/to discuss the plan after having a rest.休息了一会后，他们继续讨论这项计划。 ②动词love，like，hate等后可跟动词­ing和不定式作宾语，但接动词­ing表示经常性的情况，接不定式表示具体的动作。 I love walking with my friend on a sunny day.(习惯)我喜欢和朋友在一个阳光明媚的日子里散步。 It is a pleasant day today，so I love to have a walk with my friend.(具体)今天是个令人愉快的日子，所以我想和朋友一起散散步。 ③一些动词后既可跟动词­ing作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语，但意义有很大差别。 He forgot turning the light off.他忘记他已经关了灯。 The light in the office is still on.He forgot to turn it off.办公室的灯还亮着。他忘记关了。 (3)用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词­ing形式。 其结构如下： 主语＋it＋＋doing... I found it useless/no use arguing about it. 我发现争论这件事没有用。 Do you consider it any good trying again? 你觉得再试会有用吗？ (4)在动词need，require，want，deserve后，用动词­ing形式表示被动意义，即need/require/want/deserve doing＝need/require/want/ deserve to be done。 These clothes need washing.＝These clothes need to be washed.这些衣服需要洗。 The house requires repairing.＝The house requires to be repaired.这座房子需要修理。 (5)在(be)worth后面只能用动词­ing形式来表示被动意义。 The film is worth seeing a second time.这部电影值得再看一次。 ►5.动词­ing形式作表语： 作表语的动词­ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。 1．动名词(短语)作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为，用来说明主语的内容，与主语通常是同一概念，表语和主语常可互换位置。 One of his weaknesses is telling lies.＝Telling lies is one of his weaknesses.他的缺点之一就是说谎。 His hobby is reading books in his spare time.＝Reading books in his spare time is his hobby. 他的爱好是在业余时间读书。 2．现在分词(短语)作表语，表示主语的某种性质和特征，这类分词通常可以看作形容词。 Her performance is very entertaining，which brings us much pleasure. 她的表演非常有趣，给我们带来很多乐趣。 The trip is very exciting，and we have decided to have a similar one.这次旅行很是激动人心，我们已决定再进行一次类似的旅行。 [名师点津] 作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有：moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing...这类分词有“令人……的”的含义，常修饰物。 ►6.动词­ing作定语： 1．动名词(短语)作定语，表示名词的属性、作用或用途，作“供……用”讲，常置于被修饰的名词前。 There is a swimming pool in our school. 我们学校有一个游泳池。 Students are not permitted to speak aloud in the reading room.在阅览室里学生们不许大声喧哗。 2．现在分词(短语)作定语，表示所修饰词的动作或状态，被修饰词与现在分词之间是主动关系，相当于一个定语从句。 The boys gathering at the school gate are my classmates.＝The boys who are gathering at the school gate are my classmates. 聚集在校门口的那些男孩是我的同学。 The girl performing on the stage has a gift for dance.＝ The girl who is performing on the stage has a gift for dance. 那个在舞台上表演的女孩有舞蹈天赋。 ►7.动词­ing形式作宾语补足语： 动词­ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。动词­ing形式常作以下动词的宾语补足语。 1．动词­ing位于感官动词后：feel，smell，listento，hear，watch，see，notice，observe等。 I felt someone patting me on the shoulder. 我感觉有人在拍我的肩膀。 When he passed the swimming pool，he saw someone swimming init. 当他经过游泳池时，他看见有人在游泳。 [名师点津] 动词­ing与动词不定式在感官动词后的意义 在see，hear，watch等感官动词后，用动词­ing形式作宾语补足语表示动作正在进行；用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语表示动作从开始到结束的全过程。 I heard Mary singing in the next room.(动作正在进行) 我听到玛丽在隔壁唱歌。 I heard Mary sing a song in the next room last night.(动作全过程)昨晚我听到玛丽在隔壁唱歌。 2．动词­ing位于使役动词后：have，keep，get，leave，set，make，send等。 She couldn't have him getting away with telling lies. 她不能容忍他撒了谎而不受惩罚。 Please don't keep the little boy staying alone. 不要让这个男孩独自待着。 3．用于with复合结构中。 I couldn't do my homework with the noise going on. 由于噪音不断，我没法做家庭作业。 With so many people looking at her，she feels nervous. 这么多人看着她，她感到很紧张。 ►8.动词­ing形式作状语： 1．作时间状语。 Hearing the news，he couldn't help laughing. ＝When he heard the news，he couldn't help laughing.一听到那个消息，他禁不住大笑起来。 2．作原因状语。 Not knowing her address，I had better telephone her to come over. ＝As I don't know her address，I had better telephone her to come over. 由于不知道她的地址，我还是打电话让她过来为好。 3．作条件状语。 Working hard，you'll surely succeed. ＝If you work hard，you'll surely succeed. 如果努力工作，你就一定会成功。 4．作结果状语。 The child slipped and fell，hitting his head against the door. ＝The child slipped and fell，and hit his head against the door. 那个男孩滑了一跤，头撞到了门上。 [名师点津] 现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加only。 I hurried to school，only to find it was Sunday. 我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。 5．作让步状语。 Having been told many times，he still didn't learn these rules by heart. ＝Although he had been told many times，he still didn't learn these rules by heart. 尽管被告知了很多次，他还是没把这些规定记住。 6．作伴随状语。 Morris lay on the grass，staring at the sky for a long time. ＝Morris lay on the grass and stared at the sky for a long time. 莫里斯躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。 The boy sat in front of the farmhouse，cutting the branches. ＝The boy sat in front of the farmhouse，and cut the branches. 那个男孩坐在农舍前砍树枝。 7．作方式状语。 He came running back to tell me the news. 他跑回来告诉我这个消息。 [名师点津] 动词­ing形式作状语时，相当于与之对应的状语从句，但是当作伴随状语及结果状语时，可转化为并列谓语。 【总结感悟】-构建知识体系 1、 补全下面句子 1. The violent ________ of the ship upset his stomach. (n. the act or process of moving) 2. It was John's quick action and ________ methods that saved Ms Slade's life. (adj. able to provide effective solutions to problems) 3. The doctors made one last ________ attempt to save the boy's life. (adj. feeling that you have no hope and are ready to do anything to change the bad situation you are in) 4. You should carry your ________ card with you at all times. (n. when someone is a member of a club, group, or organization) 5. The government plans to establish a new hospital in the ________ to meet the needs of people. (n. the outer area of a town) 6. These organizations have fought very hard for the rights and ________ of patients. (n.  physical and mental health and happiness, especially of a person) 【答案】 1. motion 2. practical 3. desperate 4. membership 5. suburb 6. welfare 二、完成下列句子 1．每一天他都按时交作业。(have的复合结构) ________________________________________________ 2．我建议你和父母推心置腹地谈一谈。(heart to heart) ________________________________________________ 3．在恶劣的环境下长时间的努力工作使他的健康状况不佳。(out of shape) ________________________________________________ 4．像很多其他女孩一样，她渴望在英语上取得很大的进步。(desperate) ________________________________________________ 5．当谈到如何摆脱压力，你乐观的态度很重要。(count) ________________________________________________ 【答案】 1.Every day he will have his homework handed in on time. 2.I suggest you (should) have a talk with your parents heart to heart. 3.Working hard and long in a bad situation makes him out of shape. 4.Like many other girls，she is desperate to make great progress in her English. 5.When it comes to how to get rid of stress，your positive attitude counts. 三、语法填空 Unluckily for my son Joey, he was born with two diseased feet. The doctor said that he would be able to walk with 1.________ (treat) but would never run very well. The first three years of his life 2.________ (spend) in hospital.By the time Joey was eight, he could walk as 3.________ (normal) as others. Children in our neighborhood always ran around during their play, 4.________ Joey would run and play, too.In the seventh grade, he decided to join the school running team. 5.________ (know) that only the top seven runners would be chosen, he trained 6.________ (hard) than anyone else.  He ran four 7.________  five miles every day, even when he had a fever.One day, I went to see him and found him 8.________ (run) alone in the playground.  I asked him 9.________ he felt. “I'm OK，” he said. He still had two more miles to run. So he kept running.Two weeks later, the seven team members were picked out, among 10.________ Joey was number six. Joey's efforts paid off. I was very proud of him. 【答案】 1．treatment　考查词性转换。空格中所填单词在句中作介词with的宾语，需用treat的名词形式。 2．were spent　考查动词的时态和语态。主语“The first three years of his life”是谓语动词的承受者，故用被动语态。 3．normally　考查词性转换。空格中所填单词在句中修饰谓语动词walk，需用normal的副词形式。 4．and　考查连词。前后两句之间意义上是并列关系，故用and连接。 5．Knowing　考查非谓语动词。“Knowing that only the top seven runners would be chosen”是现在分词短语作原因状语。 6．harder　考查副词的比较级。根据后面的than可知，这里需用hard的比较级形式。 7．to　考查介词。four to five miles意思是“四到五英里”。 8．running　考查非谓语动词。find＋sb.＋v.ing“发现某人在做某事”，其中动词ing形式作宾补。 9．how　考查宾语从句的连接词。根据后面的“‘I'm OK，’he said.”可知，作者问孩子感觉怎么样。 10．whom　考查定语从句的引导词。“among whom Joey was number six”是“介词＋关系代词“引导的定语从句，先行词是“the seven team members”。 ( 3 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$