2024-2025学年人教版2019高中英语新教材必修一 Unit 3单词详解

人教版高中英语新教材 必修一 Unit 3 1. fitness /ˈfɪtnəs/  n. 健康; 健壮；适合 improve one’ fitness 增进健康 sad + ness= sadness lonely+ ness=loneliness 派生：fit adj. 健康的 适合的 v. 合身 Keep fit =keep healthy 2. soccer  /ˈsɒkə(r)/  n.  足球；足球运动 3. stadium  /ˈsteɪdiəm/  n.  (pl. stadiums or stadia)体育场; 运动场 4. boxing  /ˈbɒksɪŋ /  n.  拳击(运动) 5. badminton  /ˈbædmɪntən/  n.  羽毛球运动 6. event  / ɪˈvent/  n.  比赛项目；大事；公开活动 sporting events体育赛事 辨析：event 重大事情 accident 强调意外 incident 小事情 7. come along  跟随；到达；进步；赶快 拓展：come about 发生 产生 come up 破土而出 come up with 提出 come out 出版 8. ski  / ski:/  adj.  滑雪的 vi.滑雪 9. host  /həʊst/  vt.  主办；主持  n.主人；东道主；节目主持人 hostess女主人；女主持人 10. track  /træk/  n.  跑道；足迹；铁路轨道 vt.& vi. 追踪; 跟踪 track sth down追查到某物 11. track and field  田径 12. gym  / dʒɪm /  n.  健身房; 体育馆    13. gymnastics  /dʒɪmˈnæstɪks/  n.  体操(训练) 14. work out  锻炼；计算出；解决 A.锻炼　　　　　　 B.制订出 C.产生……的结果 D.解决 1．Neither the teacher nor his students knew how to work out the problem.__D__ 2．You have to work out a plan as quickly as possible.__B__ 3．What's more, the more you work out, the healthier you will become.__A__ 4．Although it was a hard time and things were tight for everybody, Bernard's business worked out quite well.__C__ 相关短语： work as 从事 work for 为… 工作 15. sweat  /swet /  vt. 使出汗；出汗弄湿   vi.出汗；流汗    n. 汗水; 出汗 派生：sweaty adj.出汗的 16. make it  获得成功；准时到达 17. legend /ˈledʒənd /  n. 传奇故事(或人物)；传说 18. athlete  /ˈæθli:t/   n.  运动员；运动健儿 派生：athletic adj.体育运动的 19. master  /ˈmɑ:stə(r)/  n.  高手; 主人 vt. 精通；掌握 be one’s own master自己做主 master a new language掌握一门新语言 20. set an example  树立榜样 21. honour  /ˈɒnə(r)/  n. 荣誉；尊敬；荣幸 (1)be honoured for ...　　　 因……而受到尊敬 be honoured as ... 被尊为…… be/feel honoured to do sth 做某事感到荣幸 (2)It's an honour for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事很荣幸 feel it an honour to do sth 为做某事感到荣幸 in honour of ... 向……表示敬意；为纪念…… in memory of 为纪念…… (3)honourable adj. 可敬的；荣誉的 　单句语法填空 ① Thanks to them, a family was saved from the fire.Grant and the policeman were honoured (honour) for their courage. ②Last but not least, I feel it a great honour to_represent (represent) my class to take part in the group dancing competition. ③With the Dragon Boat Festival approaching, we are planning to hold a dragon boat race_in_honour_of/in_memory_of_the_famous_poet(为了纪念著名诗人), Qu Yuan. 一句多译 ④应邀给你们做关于中国传统文化的讲座我深感荣幸。 →I_feel_highly_honoured_to_be_invited_to give you a lecture on traditional Chinese culture. → It_is_a_great_honour_for_me_to_be_invited_to_give you a lecture on traditional Chinese culture. 22. glory /ˈglɔ:ri /  n. 荣誉；光荣；赞美 派生：glorious adj. 光荣的 辉煌的 23. medal  /ˈmedl/  n.  奖章; 勋章 24. championship /ˈtʃæmpiənʃɪp/  n.  锦标赛; 冠军赛；冠军称号 25. champion  /ˈtʃæmpiən/  n.  冠军; 优胜者 26. determination  /dɪˌtɜ:mɪˈneɪʃn/  n.  决心；决定 派生：determine v. 决定 determined adj. 决心坚定的 be determined to do 决心做某事 (1)with determination　　　 坚决地 (2)determine vt. 决定；确定；下定决心 determine on/upon 决定 determine to do sth 决定做某事 be determined by 由……决定 (3)determined adj. 坚决的；有决心的 be determined to do sth 决心做某事(表示状态) 单句语法填空 ①He built a hugely successful career with little more than plain old hard work and determination (determine)． ②I have determined on/upon working as a volunteer teacher in the countryside after graduation. ③He determined to_work (work) twice as hard as before to make up for the lost time. ④The determined (determine) look on his face showed that he had enough confidence in himself. 　句式升级 ⑤I'm determined to perform well in the final exam, so I'm occupied in preparing for it. →Determined_to_perform_well_in_the_final_exam,_I'm occupied in preparing for it.(分词短语作状语) 27. apart  /əˈpa:t/  adv. 分离；分开；成碎片 28. fall apart 破裂；破碎；崩溃 29. injure /ˈɪndʒə(r)/  vt.  使受伤；损害 30. injured /ˈɪndʒəd /  adj.  受伤的；有伤的 31. injury  /ˈɪndʒəri /  n.  伤害；损伤 the injured 伤员 do an injury to sb 伤害某人 单句语法填空 ①The captain pretended to_have_been_injured (injure), which brought him a yellow­card warning. ②Some of the injured (injure) who are in critical condition are being treated in a hospital. ③In the past several years, you have the pressure and pain.I do not want you to get any further injury (injure)． 　微写作 ④尽管腿受了伤，他还是决心跑完马拉松。 Though_injured_in_the_leg,_he was determined to finish the marathon. 32. captain  /ˈkæptɪn /  n.  (运动队)队长；船长；机长 派生：champion 冠军 ship 词缀表示抽象意思 friend + ship = friendship relation + ship = relationship 33. lose heart 丧失信心；泄气 34. graceful /ˈgreɪsfl /  adj.  优美的；优雅的 派生：grace n. 优雅 35. strength  /streŋθ/  n. 力量；体力 36. Besides, Chinese has always been my strength among all the subjects. 37. 此外，语文一直是我所有课程中的强项。 strong adj. 强壮的 strengthen t.& vi. 加强；巩固 mental strength 精神力量 have the strength to do sth　　　 有力量做某事 build up one's strength/body 增强某人的体力 strength(s) and weakness(es) 优势和劣势 with all one's strength 用尽全力 [练透]　单句语法填空 ①As a good teacher, you should know your students' strengths (strength) and weaknesses. ②Write a poem about how courage, determination, and strength (strong) have helped you face challenges in your life. ③One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen (strong) new memories. ④为了强身健体，我们经常组织各种各样的活动，例如：打篮球、乒乓球等。 To_build_up_our_strength_and_healthy_body,_we often hold all kinds of activities, such as playing basketball, table tennis, etc. 38. failure  /ˈfeɪljə(r) /  n.  失败；失败的人(或事物) learn from failure从失败中学习 派生：fail v.失败 fail to do sth 没能成功做某事 39. give up 放弃；投降 give in　　　 屈服，投降 give out 分发；用光；精疲力竭 give away 赠送；泄露 give off 散发(光、热等) give way to 给……让路 单句语法填空 ①Although their strength was giving out,_no participants gave up halfway. ②If a person has not had enough sleep in the night, his actions will give him away during the day. ③Bicycles are environmentally friendly because they won't give off waste gas. 40. compete  / kəmˈpi:t /  vi.  竞争；对抗 派生：competition n.竞争；竞赛 compete for争抢 compete with与……竞争 (1)compete in　参加……比赛 compete with 与……竞争 compete for 为……而竞争 compete with/against ...for ... 为争取……而与……竞争 (2)competition n. 比赛；竞争 competitive adj. 竞争的；有竞争力的 competitor n. 竞争者；对手；参赛者 [练透]　单句语法填空 ①To compete more effectively with_others, more and more people equip themselves with a higher education. ②As the youngest competitor (compete), John will compete in_the writing contest against others for the annual award of writing. ③Our class won the first prize in the English oral competition (compete) held last Monday. [联想]　“参加”知多少 1 participate in　②take part in　③join in 41. make sense  有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚 sth make sense sb make sense of sth it makes sense to do sth 42. pretend  /prɪˈtend/  vi.& vt.假装；装扮 43. pretend to do sth  假装做某事 pretend to be doing sth 假装正在做某事 pretend to have done sth 假装已经做了某事 单句语法填空 ①The naughty boy pretended to_be_reading (read) when the headmaster came into the classroom. ②He decided to help me but I pretended to_have_finished (finish) my job already. 一句多译 ③我在街上见到她时， 她装作不认识我， 这使我很伤心。 →She pretended_(that)_she_didn't_know_me when we met in the street, which made me upset.(宾语从句) →She pretended_not_to_know_me when we met in the street, making me depressed.(动词不定式) 44. even if/though  即使；虽然 as if\though 彷佛，好像 45. million  /ˈmɪljən /  num. 一百万 millions of数百万的 46. cheat  / tʃi:t /  vi. 作弊；舞弊vt. 欺骗；蒙骗 n. 欺骗手段；骗子 cheat sb. (out) of sth. 骗某人某物 feel cheated感到被骗 cheat in在……中作弊 47. audience  /ˈɔːdiəns /  n.  观众；听众 48. positive  /ˈpɒzətɪv /  adj. 积极的；正面的；乐观的；肯定的 反： negative adj. 消极的；悲观的 be positive about对……乐观的 49. slim  /slɪm /  adj. 苗条的；单薄的 keep slim 保持苗条 50. diet  /ˈdaɪət /  n. 规定饮食；日常饮食 vi.节食 a balanced/healthy diet均衡的／健康的饮食 be / go on a diet节食 51. make a difference 有作用或影响 make a difference to ...　 对……有作用/有影响 make some/no/little difference (to ...) (对……)有一些/没有/极小作用或影响 tell the difference (between ...and ...) 辨别/区分(……与……)的不同 be different from ...in ... 与……在……方面不同 单句语法填空 ①Even if it is a small thing, it could still make much difference_to the environment. ②The twins are so alike; it's difficult to tell the difference (differ) between them. ③Though we completely differ from each other in character, we are still great friends. 52. rather  /ˈrɑ:ðə(r) /  adv. 相当；有点儿 53. rather than  而不是 prefer to do…rather than do…宁愿做某事而不愿做另一件事 =would do sth rather than do sth other than　　除了……外 more than 多于；不仅仅；非常 单句语法填空 ①The father rather than the brothers is (be) responsible for the accident. ②Facing your problems rather than pretending (pretend) not to see them is the best approach to working things out. [写美]　一句多译 ③家里每个成员宁愿努力工作也不愿去抱怨和放弃。 →Every member of the family would_work_hard_rather_than complain_and_give_up．(would do ...rather than do ...) →Every member of the family would_rather_work_hard_than complain_and_give_up．(would rather do ...than do ...) →Every member of the family prefers_to_work_hard_rather_than_complain_and give_up．(prefer to do ... rather than do) [用准] (1)rather than连接两个主语时，谓语与rather than前面的名词或代词保持一致。 (2)rather than前后连接的词的词性通常是一致的。 (3)rather than后接动词时，动词的形式通常和前面动词的形式一致。 54. push-up /ˈpʊʃʌp /  n.  俯卧撑 55. cut ...out  停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下 56. now and then 有时；偶尔 57. compare … with/to …  与…比较 58. jog  / dʒɒg /  vi.  慢跑 n.慢跑 59. stress  /stres/  n.  压力；紧张；重音  vt. 强调；重读；使焦虑不安     vi.焦虑不安 (1)under stress　　　　在压力之下 put/lay stress on sth 强调某事 be full of stress充满压力 reduce stress减轻压力 (2)stress the importance of ... 强调……的重要性 刘老师经常强调学好英语的重要性，这对我有很大的影响。 Mr Liu often stresses_the_importance_of_learning_English_well,_which has a great impact on me. (3)stressed adj. 感到有压力的 stressful adj. 充满压力的 单句语法填空 ①Nowadays more and more middle school students are getting stressed (stress) in their studies. ②Due to the fast rhythm of modern life, more and more people are living under great stress. ③I think I've got one of the most stressful (stress) jobs there. 60. error  / ˈerə(r) /  n.  错误；差错 make an error=make a mistake 配套习题 1. Many programs are offered here, so everyone can find something that suits their level of_______ ( fit). 2. Isn’t it amazing how the human body heals itself after an _______ (injure) ? 3. Write a poem about how courage, determination, and_____(strong) have helped you face challenges in your life. 4. Though the medicine for your disease is working, you should work_______ regularly in the open air. 5. Are you free tonight? Would you like to come ________ with us to watch the film? 6. Hard work, ___________ (determine), and perseverance always win out. 7. It is believed that parents can make a great _______（different) to the life of their children. 8. In order to keep slim, I decide to go ______ a diet 9. I passed by John quickly without greeting him, pretending not ______ ( see) him. 10. Students are encouraged to take control of their own learning, rather ___ just depending on the teacher. keys：1 fitness 2 injury 3 strength 4 out 5 along 6 determination 7 difference 8 on 9 to see 10 than 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$