内容正文:
读《西游记Journey to the West》画思维导图学英语语法
可数名词的复数变化
All the monkeys and apes looked at one another. They shook their heads.
“I'm not going to try,”said a tall monkey.
“Me neither," said a short monkey.
A voice called out,“I'll do it!” It was Monkey.
“Are you sure?"" asked the gibbon.“It looks dangerous.”
Monkey laughed.“I'm not afraid of anything! And when I come back, I will be king!”
Monkey took a deep breath and leaped into the waterfall.
Monkey splashed through the waterfall and landed in a large cave. His eyes opened wide. The cave was filled with bamboo, trees, and beautiful flowers. Monkey found a long table with bowls, cups, and plates. Deeper in the cave, Monkey found bedrooms with cozy beds.
Outside, the other monkeys and apes were looking at the waterfall.
“Do you think he made it through?" asked one monkey.
“No,”said another monkey.“He probably got washed away down the river."
Suddenly - splash! Monkey shot out of the waterfall and landed in front of the group.
“You're alive!" said a monkey.
Monkey laughed.“Yes! And we are very lucky! I found a perfect home for all of us. Follow me!"
当可数名词的数量大于1时,则要将名词变为复数形式。
具体变化规则如下:
情况
构成方法
例词
一般情况
在词尾直接加s
cake→cakes, boy→boys
以s, x, sh, ch等
结尾的词
在词尾加es
bus→buses, box→boxes,
watch→watches, brush→brushes
以辅音字母加y
结尾的词
把y变为i,再加es
baby→babies,city→cities
country→countries
以f或fe结尾的词
把词尾的f或fe变成ves
knife→knives, leaf→leaves,
wife→wives
不规则变化
改变名词中的元音字母
man→men,woman→women, foot→feet, tooth→teeth
单复数相同
sheep→sheep,Chinese→Chinese,
people→people
其他形式
child→children,mouse→mice
下面三点是需要小学同学需要特别注意的地方:
1. 以元音字母加y结尾的词直接加s,如:boy→boys,toy→toys。
2. 以o结尾的词,小学阶段只有potato和tomato变复数时,在结尾加es,其他的加s。如:radio→radios,zoo→zoos,photo→photos。
3. some, many, any,these,those等词修饰可数名词时,名词要变为复数形式。
思维导图
小试牛刀
一、写出下列名词的复数形式。
1. man__________ 2. box__________ 3. sheep_________
4. child________ 5. foot__________ 6. tooth__________
7. photo________ 8. toy_________ 9. city__________
10. pen_________ 11. apple_______ 12. knife__________
13. party________ 14. zoo__________ 15. woman___________
16. fox____________ 17. boy__________ 18. Chinese__________
19. tomato__________ 20. teacher__________ 21. wife__________
22. cherry___________
二、真题再现
1.There are some ______ in the shop.
A. pencil B. eraser
C. dictionarys D. boxes
2.These are Tom’s ______.
A. ping-pong bat B. ping-pongs bat
C. ping-pong bats D. ping-pongs bats
3.Jim sent his mother some flowers on ____________Day.
A. Women’s B. Women
C. Woman D. Woman’s
4.Our Chinese teacher asked each of us to write an_______passage about the places we visited during this National Day. But I didn’t go anywhere. What should I do?
A. 200-word B. 800-word
C. 800-words D. 200-words
5.Daniel usually ________.
A. wears glasses B. wear glass
C. wear glasses D. wears glass
6.Mr. Read is from England. He has _______ and big _____.
A. a short hair ; eye B. short hair; eyes C. short hairs; eye
7.The ________ are on those ________. They are not on the books.
A. watches; dictionaries B. watch; dictionaries
C. watches; dictionary D. watch; dictionary
8.— Hi, Mike! ________ your _______?
— Yes, they are.
A. Is that; tapes B. Are those; tape C. Are these; tapes
9.He has many _____________.
A. silk shirts B. silks shirt
C. silks shirts D. silk shirt
10.Is this your ______?
A. a picture B. picture
C. pictures D. nice pictures
11.—I read many ________ about the droughts (旱灾) in the south of China.
—Oh,the farmers will have a bad harvest this year.
A. reports B. news
C. novels D. speeches
12.How many ____ do you have now?Only 26.
A. tooths B. toothes
C. teeth D. tooth
13.—How many ______do we need?
—Two should be enough.
A. salt B. popcorn
C. watermelons D. yogurt
14.—Be careful!There is ______ in the street.
—Oh,thanks.I nearly(几乎) dropped into it just now.
A. holes B. a hole
C. an hole D. some holes
15.—What do they have?
—Some ________.
A. pear B. tomatos C. bananas
16.Tomatoes and carrots are ________.
A. fruit B. apples C. vegetables
17.Cook the Russian soup for ______, and then you can enjoy it.
A. more 10 minutes B. 10 more minute
C. 10 another minutes D. another 10 minutes
18.The shop sells(卖) _________ clothes at a very good price.
A. child and man’s B. children and men’s
C. children’s and men D. children’s and men’s
19.I saw two ________an apple when I came by.
A. mice eating B. mouses eating
C. mice ate D. mouses ate
20.—Mom, I'm so hungry! Please buy me two ________ at KFC.
—OK. And I think you need to have some salad, too.
A. Bread B. chicken C. hamburgers
21.—Do you have a knife?
—No, I don’t. He_____ two _____.
A. have; knife B. has; knifes
C. have; knives D. has; knives
22.Do you like eating ________?
A. salad B. chickens
C. tomato D. pear
23.In the afternoon we have two ________. The first one is English and the second one is art.
A. terms B. lessons C. stores
24.It was stupid of me to make the________of giving them my wrong phone number.
A. difference B. progress
C. promise D. mistake
25.— Do you need to buy some vegetables?
— Yes. Let’s go and buy some________
A. pork and carrots B. tomatoes and carrots
C. cakes and apples D. noodles and beans
26.Look! Many_________ are swimming in the pond.
A. duck B. geese C. frog
27.—Mom, I’m really hungry now.
—Dear, here are some _________. You can have one.
A. salad B. fruit C. hamburgers
28.—Hello! May I speak to Lucy, please?
—Sorry, I’m afraid you have the wrong________.
A. way B. name C. number
29.Li Ming wants to be a policeman. He thinks it's an important ______.
A. work B. job
C. idea D. activity
30.Some _____ are in the pencil box.
A. key B. pencil
C. pens D. maps
可数名词的复数变化参考答案
一、1. men 2. boxes 3. sheep 4. children 5. feet
6. teeth 7. photos 8. toys 9. cities 10. pens
11. apples 12. knives 13. parties 14. zoos 15. women
16. foxes 17. boys 18. Chinese 19. tomatoes 20. teachers
21. wives 22. cherries
二、1. D。there be句式,be动词后是句子的主语,be动词用的是复数,主语应用可数名词的复数,C选项的复数为dictionaries,故选D。
2. C。 主语是these,为复数,其名词性表语必须使用复数,名词作定语时使用单数形式。故选C。
3. A。 句意:在妇女节那天Jim送了他妈妈一些花。妇女节Women's Day,专有名词,故首字母应大写;woman应用复数形式;此处还应用名词所有格。故选A。
4. B。 句意:我们的语文老师要我们每个人写一篇关于国庆节我们参观过的地方的短文。但我哪儿也没去。我该怎么办?复合形容词:基数词——可数名词复数。故排除CD。800个单词符合句子意思。故选B。
5. A。 句意:Daniel通常戴眼镜。根据语境可知,此句用一般现在时,主语是单数第三人称,故谓语动词用单数第三人称形式;glass当眼镜讲是可数名词,并且常以复数形式出现。根据句意,故选A。
6. B。 句意:Read先生来自英国。他有短头发,大眼睛。hair不可数名词,前不加冠词没有复数;eye可数名词,应用复数。故选B。
7. A。 句意:手表在字典上。它们不在书上。第一空根据are可知,要使用复数名词;第二空根据those可知,也要使用复数名词,故选A。
8. C。
9. A。 句意:他有许多丝绸衬衫。many修饰复数名词,silk shirt的复数是silk shirts,故选A。
10. B。
根据Is this your——可知这里this是单数形式,表示这个,所以后面的名词也应该是单数形式。故选B。
这是你的图片吗?
11. A。根据各个选项的意思reports"报道";news"新闻";novels"小说";speeches"演讲"根据句子的谓语动词为read"读"首先排除D,speeches"演讲";再根据空格前为many后跟可数名词复数,再排除B news"新闻"为不可数名词;结合语境关于在中国南方旱灾的……可推知这是一些报道,并非小说,故排除C novels"小说",故选A
12. C。根据空格前为疑问词how many 用来询问数量,后接可数名词复数,对照选项可知tooth"牙齿"的复数为teeth,故选C
13. C。根据题意"——我们需要多少西瓜?——两个应该足够了",How many接可数名词复数形式,故选C。
14. B。根据题意"——小心,街上有个坑。——谢谢,我差点掉进去",There is说明是单数名词,hole发音以辅音音素开头,用a,故选B。
15. C。some表示一些,可修饰可数名词复数及不可数名词。三个选项都是可数名词,pear表示梨,其复数是pears,tomato表示西红柿,其复数是tomatoes,banana表示香蕉,其复数是bananas,故选择C。
16. C。 考查名词。句意"西红柿和胡萝卜是蔬菜。".A水果。B苹果。C蔬菜。结合语境"西红柿和胡萝卜是__.".可知,应该是"蔬菜".选C。
17. D。 句意:做罗宋汤要再等十分钟,那时你可以享受了。在英语中,基数词+more+名词=another+基数词+名词,意为“再,又(要)多少”。根据句意,故选D。
18. D。 句意:这家商店以非常好的价格卖儿童的和成人男衣。在英语中,名词所有格是在名词的后面加's构成。表示两者共有的在后者后面加's构成;表示两者都有的,在两者后面加's构成。儿童的和成人的服装children's and men's,都是先变复数再加's。根据句意,故选D。
19. A。 根据saw two ________an apple 可知这里two表示两个,后面名词一般用复数形式,mouse的复数是mice,而see sb doing sth表示看到某人正在做某事.
20. C。 A.bread 面包; B.chicken鸡肉,小鸡;C.hamburgers汉堡;句意:——妈妈,我很饿,你去肯德基给我买两个汉堡吧。——好的,我想你还需要些沙拉吧。题中的数词后跟可数名词的复数形式,故选C。
21. D。 句意:——你有一把小刀吗?——不,我没有。他有两把小刀。根据上文,可知此题是一般现在时且主语是第三人称单数he,谓语动词需用单三形式;two+可数名词复数,knife的复数是knives。故选D。
22. A。 句意:你喜欢吃沙拉吗?A.salad沙拉,不可数名词,符合题意;B.chickens,表示肉类时不可数,表示小鸡可数,由于前面有eat,不符合题意;C.tomato和D.pear均是可数名词,均用复数合适,故这里不符合题意。故选A。
23. B。 句意:下午我们有两节课。第一节是英语,第二节是美术。term学期;lesson课;store商店。根据句意,故选B。
24. D。 句意:我太愚蠢了,犯了给他们我的错的电话号码的错误。A.difference不同;B.progress进展;C.promise许诺;D.mistake错误。make the mistake犯错。结合句意,故选D。
25. B。
26. B。 句意:看,许多鹅正在池塘里游泳。duck鸭子;geese鹅,goose的复数形式;frog青蛙。根据题目,many许多,修饰可数名词复数,A、C为单数形式,故排除。故选B。
27. C。 句意:——妈妈,我真的饿了。——这儿有一些汉堡,你可以吃一个。salad不可数名词;fruit不可数名词;hamburgers汉堡,可数名词的复数形式,谓语动词是are,主语不能用不可数名词,根据句意,故选C。
28. C。 句意:——你好!我可以和露西通话吗?——对不起,恐怕你打错号码了。A路;B名字;C号码。故选C。
29. B。 句意:李明想当一名警察。他认为这是一份很重要的工作。work工作,不可数名词;job工作,可数名词;idea主意;activity活动,前面有an,空格中名词用可数名词,根据句意,故选B。
30. C。 句意:一些钢笔在铅笔盒里。A.钥匙;B.铅笔;C.钢笔;D.地图。从前面的修饰词some可知,此句用其复数形式;从in the pencil box可知所填的单词应该是pens。根据句意,故选C。
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