2024年一轮复习中职英语时态课件

高中版英语时态 duola ① ”时态“表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，需要用不同的动词形式表示。在英语语法中，“时“指动作发生的时间，”态“指动作的样子和状态。 ② ”语态“是一种动词的形式，用来说明主语和谓语的关系。语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 英语时态的”时”是指一个语法范畴的时间与日常生活中的时间并不完全相同，根据英语语法粗略的分析时态可以划分为:现在时;过去时; 将来时以及将来过去时。英语时态的“体”可理解为形态或形式，从语法分析的角度，每个时段又可以分为四个“体”即一般现在体，进行体，完成体，完成进行体如下表所示。 时 体 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 一般 talk/talks talked shall/will talk should/would talk 进行 am/is/are talking was/were talking shall/ will be talking should/would be talking 完成 have/ has talking had talked shall/ will have talking should/would have talked 完成进行 have/has been talkinig had been tailking shall/ will have been talking should/would have been working 一般现在时，现在进行时和现在完成时 01 4 一般现在时常用于： ①现阶段经常性习惯性的动作 例如：I read every day . ②现在的特征和状态 例如： I like walking in the park in the afternoon. ③普遍真理客观事实 例如：The sun rises in the morning. ④计划时刻表中的安排 例如：Linda goes to work from monday to Friday. ⑤戏剧，电影，体育赛事等的旁白解说 ⑥时间条件让步等状语从句中用一般现在时表一般将来时 If you park your car in the street, you will get a ticket. 1.一般现在时 1.表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。如: They are having an English class now.现在他们正在上英语课。 2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻这一动作不一定在进行。如: The Chinese are eating more meat now than theyused to.中国人现在吃肉比过去多了。 3.在时间、条件状语从句中，有时可用现在进行时代替一般将来时。如:When you are passing my way, please drop in. 你什么时候路过我家，请进来坐坐。 4现在进行时与always，allthe time, foreverconstantly等副词(组)连用，表示感叹、惊讶、赞许厌恶等情感。如: He is always thinking of others first. 他总是先想到他人。 2.现在进行时 5.表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常用现在进行时。这类动词通常是表示位置移动的短暂性动词，有 come,go,leave,start, begin, stop, arrive, stay.return,take等。如: Are you staying in Guangzhou for a week? 你将在广州待一周吗? 6.不用于进行时态的动词类别短暂性动词类:finish,marry,get up等。 ②感官类:see, sound, look, hear, smell, taste, feel,notice等。 ®感觉类:hate,love, fear,like, want, wish, prefer，refuse, forgive 等。 ④存在类:be,exist,remain等。 ⑤ 占有、从属类:have,possess,own,contain,belongto, consist of, form等。 ⑥ 认知类:understand,know, believe, doubt, forget,remember等。 7一般现在时和现在进行时的区别 ①一般现在时表示“存在的状态”时，常用表示状态的动词，而这些动词很少用现在进行时。如: There is a lady in the picture. 画中有一位女士。 ②以here,there等开头的句子，说明是正在发生的动作，谓语动词不用进行时，而用一般现在时，且用倒装句。如: Here comes the train.火车来了。 ③ 有些动词，如taste,smell,sound,look等，在一般现在时中是连系动词，而在现在进行时中则为行为动词。如: I'm looking at the picture by Picasso. lt looksreally nice. 我正在看毕加索的画，它看起来很棒。 1强调过去的行为对现在的影响。 如:▶ The young man has joined the army那位年轻人参军了。 2表示过去的某一动作一直持续到现在。 如:lhave worked here for five years.我在这里工作5年了。 3)表示经历过的事情。 如:ihave only been to the Great Wall once.我仅去过长城一次。 4) have gone to与have been tohave gone to表示“去而未归”，而have been to表示 “去过已经回来了”。如: lt can't be John. He has gone to town.那不可能是约翰，他去城里了。 John knows the way well. He has been to the citybefore.约翰非常熟悉那里的路，他以前去过那个城市。 三 现在完成时 5)特殊句式的时态 用在“It is the first/second/third...time+that从句”中,当主句的谓语动词为is/wil be时，that从句用现在完成时，it还可用this,this evening等替代，其中first也可用其他序数词代替，time也可由其他名词代替。如:It's the first time l've been here. 这是我第一次来这里。 6)现在完成时中的非延续性动词在现在完成时的肯定句中，非延续性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，需转换为相应的延续性动词。 如: He has been in the army for 5 years. 他参军5年了。 此句不能说成He has joined the army for 5 years.. 用括号内的适当形式填空 (一般现在时；现在进行时；现在完成时) 1.In the last few years China ______________ (make)great achievements in environmental protection。 2.Since he came to our school he _____________(study) very hard. 3.Whenever you____________(buy)a present,you should think about it from the receiver's point of view. 4.No one in the department but Tom and I____________________(know)that the director is going to resign. 5 In fact,more and more people__________________ (choose)to live a greener,healthier and more environmentally friendly life. 6.It is reported that the family who got lost in the valley__________________(find)with the help of the local police recently. 小练 答案：1 as made 2.has studied 3.buy 4.knows 5.are choosing 6.have been found 一般过去时，过去进行时，和过去完成时 02 12 1.一般过去时 1.表示过去某一特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday, last year, in 2007, a few months ago等表示过去的时间状语连用。如: Where did you go just now?刚才你去哪儿了? 2 表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作，通常与often，usually等表示频度的副词连用。注意used todo句型表示过去时。如: He used to visit his mother once a week. 以前他每周去看望一次他的母亲。 3。在时间、条件状语从句中用来代替过去将来时。 如:Mary had left the keys in the classroom so shehad to wait until her mother came home. 玛丽把钥匙忘在教室了，因此她得等到她妈妈回家。 4。用一般过去时的句子有时用地点状语暗示动作发生在过去。如: Have you seen a pen? | left it here this morning你看见了一支钢笔吗?今天早上我把它落在这儿了。 >ls it a black one? l think | saw it somewhere.是一支黑色的吗?我想我在什么地方见到过。 5,有时句子中含有时间的其他成分也暗示动作发生在过去。如: The year 2002 saw remarkable changes inShanghais landscape. 2002年上海地貌发生了巨大变化。 6.在很多情况下，一般过去时的时间都是通过具体上下文来体现的。如: Mike had given up smoking for three weeks, butsoon returned to his old ways. 迈克戒了三周的烟，但很快又回到老毛病上了。 7. think,mean等表示“想，考虑”的动词的一般过去时有时可以表示过去未曾实现的想法，通常译为“本想”。如: We thought to return early. 我们本想早点回来的。 rImeant to get up early, but forgot to set the alarm. 我本想要早起的，但忘记了定闹钟。 l wanted to see the exhibition but the long queueput me off. 我本想去看展览，但是排队的人太多了。 8.在特定语境中，当要揭示某情况的真相时，我们习惯上用一般过去时。如: It's not as big as lexpected. 那东西不像我预料的那么大。(不能说:..as l have expected.) You're older than l thought 你的岁数比我想的要大一些。(不能说:...than l have thought.) You won't come? But you promised! 你不来了?可是你答应过要来的呀!(不能说:But you have promised!) 9.一般过去时除了表示动作发生在过去，还能表示其他时间: ①现在。有时代替一般现在时，表示一种婉转、客气、礼貌或商量的语气。表示委婉语气的动词有want,hope, wonder,think,intend等及情态动词could would。如: Would you mind my sitting here? 你介意我坐在这里吗? ②将来。一般过去时用在虚拟语气中，表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态。常用的句型有: ①It is time that sb. did sth.“是某人做某事的时间了”。如: It is time you went to bed. 你该睡觉了。 ②would (had) rather sb. did sth.表示“宁愿某人做某事 10一般过去时和现在完成时的区别 一般过去时中，动作发生时的一个或一段时间是可以具体确定的，与其他时间没有牵连;它所表示的事情纯属过去，与现在情况没有联系。如: We visited a power station yesterday.昨天我们参观了一个发电站。(只说明昨天参观发电站这个事实) 现在完成时中动作发生在过去某个或某段时间，它所表示的事情与现在情况有关系，是过去的事情对现在产生的结果或对现在的影响。如:We have visited a power station.我们参观了一个发电站。(说明现在对发电站有所了解) 二 过去进行时 1.表示在过去某一时间内正在进行的动作，常与at thattime, then, at six yesterday, this time yesterdaylast night等连用。如: What were you doing this time yesterday? 昨天这个时候你在做什么? 2.表示在过去某一段时间内进行的动作。如:2 iwas tidying my sitting room the whole morning. 整个早上我都在收拾我的起居室。 3.表示一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行。如: When he called me yesterday, I was having dinner. 昨天他给我打电话时，我在吃饭。 4.表示过去将要发生的动作。如: He told me he was leaving for Shanghai that day 他告诉我那天他要去上海。 5.过去进行时与always，continually等副词连用可以表示重复的动作，并且也常常带有感情色彩。如: When he worked here, John was always makingmistakes.约翰在这儿工作时老是出差错。 6.过去进行时可用来叙述原因或用作借口，常用于口语中。如: >She went to the doctor yesterday. She washaving a lot of trouble with her skin. 她昨天去看病了。她的皮肤有很多问题。 7.一般过去时和过去进行时的区别 ① 强调点不同。一般过去时侧重于说明发生某动作的事实，过去进行时则强调某动作的持续过程或动作持续的时间。如: It rained cats and dogs last night.昨晚下了倾盆大雨。(强调下过雨，并不强调持续多长时间) It was raining cats and dogs last night.昨晚整整一夜都在下倾盆大雨。(强调雨没停，一直在持续) ②动作的完成情况不同。一般过去时表示动作已完成，而过去进行时表示动作未完成。如: Alice read a science fiction story last night.昨晚爱丽丝读了一本科幻小说。 Alice was reading a science fiction story lastnight. 昨晚爱丽丝正在读一本科幻小说。 持续情况不同。一般过去时可表示时断时续的动作，而过去进行时只能表示持续、不间断的动作。如:He was working from 4 o'clock until supper time.他从4点到晚饭时间一直在工作。 三 过去完成时 1.表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的动作，即这个动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，这一过去时间可用by，at，before等构成的短语以及由whenbefore,after,until等引导的从句或上下文来表示。 如: >By the end of last term, l had already learnt 5,000words. 到上学期期末为止，我已经学会了5000个单词。 2。用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句中。如: if he had seen you yesterday, he would haveasked you about it. 假如他昨天看到你，他就会问你这件事了。 3.用在间接引语或宾语从句中，置于said,told，asked,thought,wondered等过去时的动词后面，表示在这些动作发生之前已经发生了的事情。如: She wondered who had left the door open. 她想知道是谁让门敞开着的。 4.表示想法或打算的动词，如hope，want，expectthink,suppose, plan, mean,intend等词的过去完成时，其后接不定式to do时，可以表示未曾实现的想法，即“本想做某事(但却没做)”。如: I had meant to go on Monday but have stayed on. 我本想礼拜一走的，但又留下了。 ▶ We had thought to return early but they wouldn't let us go. 我们本想早点回来的，但他们不让我们走。 5.使用过去完成时的句式 ①“hardly...when..-……就…”句式的主句谓语动词通常要用过去完成时。如: * Hardly had he arived when she started complaining. 他刚到，她就抱怨起来。 ②“no sooner...than..-…就…”句式的主句谓语动词通常要用过去完成时。如: I had no sooner closed the door than somebodyknocked. 我刚把门关上就有人敲门。 ③.“It was the first time...”句式的主句谓语动词通常要用过去完成时。如: It was the first time he had been bitten by a dog. 这是他第一次被狗咬。 6. 一般过去时和过去完成时的区别 1.一般过去时是针对现在说话的时刻而言的，过去完成时则是针对过去某一时刻而言的。如: He worked in a factory in 2008. 2008年他在一家工厂工作。 ② 两种时态建立的时间参照点不同。对过去完成时来说，时间参照点十分重要，它是过去完成概念赖以建立的基础，也是和一般过去时相区别的重要标准。如: He had worked in a factory before he came here. 他来这儿之前在一家工厂工作。 7.现在完成时与过去完成时的区别.两种时态都常与一段时间状语连用，但现在完成时①表示的是延续到现在或与现在有关的动作(句中不可有表示过去特定时间的状语)。如: She has been ill for a week. 她病了一周了。(现在仍在生病) ②过去完成时表示的是在过去某时之前已经完成或延续2到过去某时的动作(句中有表示过去特定时间的状语)。如: She had been ill for a week before she came back,她回来前就已经病了一周了。(“回来”发生在过去某一时间，“生病”发生在过去的过去) 小练 选择填空（一般过去时；过去进行时；过去完成时） 1.Last year,there_________________(were,have been)a lot of great inventions happening in human society. 2I asked my mother to buy me a new dress,but she ________________(doesn't,didn't)have enough money for it. 3 He said he________________(has seen,had seen) the photo already. 4 They all________________ (had gone to,went to)the mountains yesterday morning. 5 I didn't let him stop until he________________ (have run,had run)1,000 meters. 6 He________________ (has finished working,had finished working)before he took his examination. 7.Always she________________(borrowed,was borrowing)agriculture tools from her sister. 答案：were 2. didn’t 3. had seen 4.went to 5.had run 6.had finished working.17.was borrowing 一般将来时，过去将来时和将来完成时 03 22 一 一般将来时 1.“shall/wil+动词原形”是将来时的最普通的表达方式。如: We will/shall go to ask Miss Chen for help, 我们要去找陈老师帮忙。 2.现在进行时有时与某些表示瞬间动作的动词连用，可表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作。常见动词有go, come, start, leave, stay, return, arrive, begin,take,meet等。如: She's leaving early tomorrow. 明天她将很早就出发。 3 既定的时间如生日、日历、课时安排、交通时刻表等，通常用一般现在时表示将来动作。常见动词有be，begin,come, go,leave, stop, end, arrive, open,stay,return等。如: The train leaves at eight tomorrow from this station. 火车明天早上8点从本站出发。 4.在时间或条件状语从句及evenif,in case等引导的状语从句中，用现在时表示将来。如: He will call me as soon as he arrives here. 他一到这里就会给我打电话。 5.“be going to+动词原形”表示打算做某事(人作主语)或目前迹象表明将要发生某事(物为主语)。如: I'm going to gather some materials about Picasso. 我打算搜集一些有关毕加索的材料。 Look at the dark clouds. lt's going to rain. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。 6.“be to+动词原形”表示按计划、安排将要做某事。该结构还可表示命令、禁止或可能性等。如:The meeting is to take place early tomorrow.明天一早召开会议。 7。be about to do sth.表示即将发生的动作，不能和具体的时间状语连用。另外该结构在美式英语中还可表示“打算”(主要用于否定句)。如: The new school year is about to begin. 新学年开学在即。 I'm not about to lend him more money. 我不打算再借给他钱。 8 be due to do sth.表示按计划或时间表将要发生某事。如: The talk is due to last for five days.会谈将持续五天。 The race is due to start in ten minutes. 还有10分钟比赛就要开始了。 9.be going to与will/shall的用法比较 ①.be going to指当前已计划过或思考过的意图和打算, wil/shall表示事先未思考或计划过的意图。如: I'm going to see him tomorrow.我打算明天去看他。(事先经过考虑) "ll answer the door.我去开门。(未经事先考虑的意图) ② be going to可指客观迹象表明马上要发生的事，而wi 则表示说话者的观点、主观意识。如: Look at the clouds. There is going to be a storm. 看这些云，可能有暴风雨。(客观迹象表明要发生) l hope it will be warm tomorrow. 我希望明天会暖和起来。(主观意愿) ③ wil/shall还可作情态动词用，表示感情色彩。如: Will you come this way, please? 请你走这边好吗? 二 过去将来时 表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。这种时态常用于宾语从句或间接引语。如: He said that he would wait for me at the gate.他说他将在大门口等我。 2 过去将来时的其他表达方式与一般将来时一样，只是有关动词要改为过去式。如: You were going to give me your address but youThdidn't.你准备给我你的地址，可你当时没给我。 3. was/were going to do 可表示过去的打算，也可表示表元没有实现的动作。 如:We were going to have a sports meeting last>1'11week, but it rained.我们原打算上周举行运动会，但下雨了。(“举行运动会”是未曾实现的过去的计划。) 4.was/were to do 既可指过去的计划，也可表示“后来结果，注定”的含义;was/were to have done 表示计划没有实现。如: The conference on SARS was to be held the nextweek. 关于非典的讨论会将于下周举行。 5.was/were about to do 表示在过去某时看来即将要发生的事。如: l was about to turn on the power of the computerwhen the electricity was cut off.我正要打开电脑电源，这时停电了。 6.was/were doing 表示按计划安排过去将要发生的动带有作。如: Mr, Green was leaving for Hawaii a few hours later. 格林先生几个小时后就要去夏威夷了。 三 将来完成时 1.将来完成时是由“will/shall+have+过去分词”构成的，表示到将来某个时候为止，某件事已经完成了。常与by，before构成的短语或引导的状语从句连用。如: The snow will have disappeared before the endof March. 到三月底，雪将完全融化。 2表示到将来某一时刻持续多久的动作或状态，常与for引导的时间状语连用。如: ei'll have been here for seven years by nextFebruary.到明年二月份我就在这儿待了7年了。 3.在时间或条件状语从句中，可以用现在完成时来表示3将来完成的意义，也就是用现在完成时代替将来完成时。如: Don't get off until the bus has stopped.车未停稳，切勿下车。(主句为祈使句，表示将来的动作，从句为将来完成时，用的却是现在完成时) lf she hasn't gone to bed when you see her, tellher to qive me a ring. 如果你见到她时她还没有睡觉的话，让她给我打个电话。 4.will have done 还可表示说话人对某一将完成的动作或事态的推测或揣想，主语主要用第二、第三人称,带有明显的情态意义。如: The rain will have kept you indoors today. 由于下雨，今天你得待在室内了。(表示对未来的推测) 小练 用括号内动词的适当形式填空 (一般将来时；过去将来时；将来完成时） 1As you go through this book,you___________________________(find)that each of the millions of people who lived through World War ll had a different experience. 2 Don't worry.The hard work that you do now________________________(repay)later in life. 3 Judy has been studying here for five years and by the end of next summer she________________________(graduate). 4.When you come tonight at eight o'clock,I________________________(review)eight lessons. 5.-Are Alice and Tom still living in New York? -Yes,but they________________________(move)to Dallas. 6.By the time Juan gets home,his aunt________________________(leave)for Puerto Rico. 答案：1.Will find 2. will be repaid 3 will have graduated 4. shall/ will have reviewed 5.will move 6.will have left 综合练习 高考真题 1.A few months after he had arrived in China. Mr. Smith______in love with the people and culture there. A would fall B had fallen C. has fallen D fell 2. He's been informed that he __________for the scholarship because of his academic background. A. hasn't qualified B. hadn't qualified C.doesn't qualify D. wasn't qualifying 3.I__________down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road. A was driving B have driven C. would drive D. drove 4Jack __________in the lab when the power cut occurred. A works B. has worked C was working D. would work 5.Silk_________one of the primary roods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC. A had become B. was becoming C. has become D is becoming 6.Just as I got to the school gate，I realized I________my book in the cafe. A. have left B. had left C. would leave D was leaving 7.The real reason why prices__________, and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem. A were B. will be C. have been D. had been 8.--- Where is Peter? I can' t find him anywhere ----He went to the library after breakfast and _________his essay there ever since. A wrote B. had written C has been writing D. is writing 9.In the last few years， China________great achievements in environmental protection. A has made B had made C was making D is making 10.--- Did you have difficulty finding Ann's house? ---Not really. She __________us clear directions and we were able to find it easily. A. was to give B had given C was giving D. would give Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1. Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains,___________(keep) some of its stores open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays. 2. George said that he____________________(come)to school to see me the next day, but he didn't. 3. Our friendship____________________(develop) quickly over the weeks that followed. 4. This morning, the computer crashed while I_____________(sort) the reading materials downloaded from some websites. 5. Close the door of fear behind you, and you____________________(see) the door of faith open before you. keeps would come/ was to come developed was sorting will see 6. When Alice came to, she did not know how long she________________( lie) there. 7. I'd love to come with you, but something unexpected_________________(come) up. 8. We went to work in the morning and found that somebody_____________(break )into the office during the night. 9. That piece of music sounds quite familiar. Who _________(play) the piano upstairs? 10. If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you_________________(eat)fresh watermelon in the fall. 11. Dashan, who___________________(learn)crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition. 12. Jack_________________(watch) TV when the phone rang. have been lying has come had broken is playing will be eating has been learning was watching $$