2024年人教版初中英语九年级下学期江西英语中考语法专题复习之现在完成时

现在完成时 Present perfect tense catalogue 01 定义 02 结构 03 基本句型 04 变化规则 05 标志词 past now future I have already read Treasure Island . 过去读的书，强调现在对书有一定的了解了。 read 现在完成时定义： past now future She has lived here for five years. 表示从过去住到现在，可能还会继续住下去 live 现在完成时定义： (1)表示过去发生或已经完成地动作对现在造成的影响和结果; (2)过去某一时间开始并一直延续到现在的动作或状态; 现在完成时定义： 现在完成时结构 助动词have/has +动词过去分词 注意： 主语为第三人称单数时，选用has;（He/She/it/The+名词单数） 其他人称用have.(I/We/You/They/The+名词复数） =have/has +done I ______ finished the book. They______ finished the book. He______ finished the book. have have has 基本句型 I have cleaned classroom. Have you cleaned classroom (yet)? 陈述句 一般疑问句 Yes, I have . No, I haven't . haven't = have not 基本句型 1.肯定句: 主语+have/has+过去分词done+其他 2.否定句: 主语+have/has+not+过去分词done+其他 3.一般疑问句: Have/Has+主语+过去分词done+其他? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+have/has 否定回答:No,主语+haven't/hasn't. 1.I have already finished the book. 2.I have not finished the book yet. 3.Have you finished the book yet? Yes ,I have. No , I haven't. 肯定句：I have already got a letter from my aunt.  否定句：→I haven’t got a letter from my aunt yet.  一般疑问句：—Have you got a letter from your aunt yet ?  肯定回答：Yes, I have. 否定回答：No, I haven’t. practice 过去分词变化规则 1.不规则变化：P136—137 2.规则变化：4类 原形 过去式 过去分词 pick picked picked wish wished wished stay stayed stayed 2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d。 原形 过去式 过去分词 like liked Liked hope hoped hoped phone phoned phoned 规则变化(过去式和过去分词的变化相同) 1.在动词词尾直接+ed 3. 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed。 4. 词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，要双写辅音字母，再加-ed。 原形 过去式 过去分词 study studied studied hurry hurried hurried reply replied replied 原形 过去式 过去分词 stop stopped stopped clap clapped clapped 标志词 already/yet ever/never for/since have/has gone to have/has been to have/has been in already 一般用于肯定句，用于疑问句时表示惊讶，出乎意料。 常放于句中，实义动词之前，助动词之后 （行前be后）。 yet 一般用于否定句或疑问句。 常放在句尾， not yet常用在答语中，意为“尚未；还没有”。 1.already/yet We have already finished our homework. We have not finished our homework yet. Have you finished your homework yet? 2.ever/never ever:“曾经”。常用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词与过去分词之间。 ever:“曾经”。常用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词与过去分词之间。 Have you ever been to Hong Kong? I haven’t ever spoken to her. I have ever been to HongKong I have never travelled by plane before. I have never been to HongKong （before), so I hope to go there one day. have/has gone to 表示某人“已经去了某地”说话时此人不在那里。侧重指经历。 have/has been to表示“曾经去过某地”说话时此人可能在路上或已到那里，反正不在这里。 have /has been in 表示在某地待了一段时间，从过去一直延续到现在（常接时间段） He has gone to Beijing.他已经去北京了。（人已走，不在这） He has been to Beijing.他曾经去过北京。（人已经回来） He has been in Beijing for 20 years.他已经在北京待了20年了。 当have / has been to 中的to后为表示地点的副词there, here等时，to要省略。 I won’t go to the new park because I have been there twice. Our math teacher isn’t in his office， He has gone to the meeting room. have / has gone to常用于含有sb. is out, sb. isn’t in (...)等暗含某人不在说话现场的语境中。 注意 Since+时间点 “自…..以来” For+时间段 “表示动作或状态持续的时间” （谓语动词用延续性动词） since+时间段+ago I have learned English for 10 years/since 10 years ago. I have lived in Shangrao for 12 years/since 12 years ago. I have been an English teacher for 1 year/since 1 year ago/since 2022. 【注意】 1) 对since和 for引导的时间状语提问时, 常用how long。 Jane has learned to play the piano since two years ago.  (对划线部分提问) How long has Jane learned to play the piano? 词条 意思 答语 how long “多长时间” “多长” for two days, since one hours ago; three meters long how often “多久一次”表频率 always, usually, often, sometimes, twice a week, never, hardly ever how soon “多久之后” in+时间段 how far “多远” ten kilometers how long / how often / how soon / how far 用How短语完成句子。 1) —___________ do you go and visit your grandparents?       —Once a week.    2) —Could you tell me ________ it is from here to the science museum? —It’s about half an hour’s walk. 3) —Rita, your Chinese is very good. ___________ have you been in China? —Since I was five. 4) Can you tell me __________ you can be ready? 你能告诉我你多久能准备好吗？ How often how far How long how soon 2) 在现在完成时中，含有for和since的句子可以相互转换。 They have lived here for five years. =They have lived here since five years ago. I have studied here for three years. =I have studied here since three years ago. She has been away for five days. =She has been away since five days ago . 3) 在现在完成时中，表示短暂意义的动词(如come和see)在肯定句和一般疑问句中不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，但在否定句中是可以的。 如：They haven’t seen each other for ages. 短暂性动词 延续性动词 become be borrow keep buy have/own catch a cold have a cold come stay put on wear move to live in go to sleep sleep 短暂性(短语)动词与延续性(短语)动词和与表示状态的短语之间的转化 1. 有些短暂性(短语)动词可转化为相应的延续性(短语)动词 重点 短暂性动词 延续性动词 leave be away begin/start be on die be dead finish be over join be in/be a member of marry be married come/arrive here be here 2. 有些短暂性(短语)动词可转化为表示状态的短语。 常见的有： 定义 结构 句型 变化 规则 1…. 2…. Have/has done 肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句 肯定回答否定回答 规则变化和不规则变化 标志词 already/yet…… Summary Thank you! $$