Unit4 Grammar 课件2024-2025学年沪教牛津版九年级英语上册

Unit 4 Problems and advice Grammar 什么是句子？ 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位．句子的第一个字母必须大写，结尾要有．？ ！ I am a student. Are you a student? How beautiful our school is ! 句子成分 主语（subject） 谓语（predicate） 宾语（object） 补语（complement） 状语（adverbial） 定语（attributive） I met my best friend Tom at the playground yesterday. 主语 subject The girl is pretty. Reading is useful. To see is to believe. They are good friends. What has happened proved that we are right. 一般位于句首，由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当 谓语 predicate 表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。 He practices running every morning. You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. We are students. 实义动词 情态动词+动词原形 助动词+动词的适当形式 连系动词 及物动词 vs. 不及物动词 He has arrived the airport. He has reached the airport. 误 正 arrived at 拓展内容 可以直接接宾语的动词叫做及物动词 (vt.) He can hear the music. My uncle reached the airport. 不能直接接宾语的动词叫做不及物动词 (vi.) You are not listening! My uncle arrived. 如果不及物动词后要接宾语则需要用介词。 You are not listening to me! My uncle arrived at the airport. 及物动词 hear reach see 不及物动词 listen (to) arrive (in/at) get (to) look (at) “听” “到达” “看” 宾语 object 表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后。 They went to see the running match yesterday. I enjoy running with my classmates. We should learn from her. Direct object and indirect object 直接宾语和间接宾语 句子的谓语动词是give, bring, buy, send时，后面可接两个宾语。 直接宾语（DO）和间接宾语（IO） 当间接宾语位于直接宾语后时，需要加上to或for。 The braces have brought so much trouble to me. S V DO IO 下列动词后用to：bring，feed，give，hand，lend，offer，pass，pay，post，sell，send，show，take，teach，tell，write。 下列动词后用for：book，buy，choose，cook，fetch，leave，make，order，pick，reserve，save。 Give these papers _______ my secretary. Could you make some coffee _______ me? Miss Lin taught a new song _______ the kids. Please pass that juice _______ your brother? Don’t show these plans _______ anyone. Leave a message _______ my secretary. Write a letter _______ the headmaster. to for to to to to to 补语 complement I feel embarrassed. The braces hurt my teeth. 宾语：动作作用的对象 主语补语：对主语行进补充说明 主 谓 S V 主语补语 SC 系动词后是补语 普通动词后是宾语 主 谓 S V 宾 O She is driving me mad. 主语补语：对主语行进补充说明 宾语补语： 主 谓 S V 宾语补语 OC 宾 O 对宾语进行补充说明 常用于这种结构的动词有： The movie made me sad. This coat will keep you warm. I find this book very interesting. We consider Einstein (as) a hero. My little sister drove me mad yesterday. 主+谓+宾+宾补 S + V + O + OC 宾语补语：对宾语进行补充说明 状语 adverbial 1. How about meeting again at six? 2. Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain. 3. I shall go there if it doesn’t rain. 4. Mr Smith lives on the third floor. 5. She put the eggs into the basket with great care. （时间状语） （原因状语） （条件状语） （地点状语） （方式状语） 5. She came in with a dictionary in her hand. 6. In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 7. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 8. She works very hard though she is old. 9. I am taller than he is. （目的状语） （结果状语） （让步状语） （比较状语） （伴随状语） 可位于句首、句末、句中，用来修饰动词、形容词或整个句子 Summary 1.I took some photos of it. 2.She is unhappy and lonely. 3.Doris danced beautifully. 4.Three teenagers wrote a report. 你能分析句子成分吗？ 主语（S）：“谁”“什么”，常由名、代充当； 谓语（V）：主语的动作、特征或状态，由及物动词、不及物动词或系动词充当。 宾语（O）：动作的对象或行为的承受者 表语（主语补足语SC）：系动词后，说明主语的身份，特征，属性或状态 状语（adv）：修饰动、形、副或句，说明动作或状态的特征。 英语的五种基本句型 一： Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓） I smile. 二： Ｓ Ｖ C （主＋系＋表）I feel embarrassed. 三： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾）The braces hurt my teeth. 四： Ｓ Ｖ IO DＯ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） The braces have brought me so much trouble. 五： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） She is driving me mad. 分析下列句子的成分。 1.She often smiles. 2.He hurt his legs . 3.They are children without parents. 4.We must keep ourselves happy. 5. Music bring them joy and peace. Vi.不及物动词 Vt.及物动词 v系动词 Vt.及物动词 Vt.及物动词 谓语动词 宾语 表语（主语补足语） 宾语补足语（OC）： 补充说明宾语 间接宾语（IO） 直接宾语（DO） 3. S+V+SC主系表 4. S+Vt+O+OC主谓宾宾补 5. S+Vt+IO+DO主谓双宾 1. S+Vi主谓 2. S+Vt+O主谓宾 19 ① Tom is a junior high school student. (Tom, junior high school student, be) He __________________________________. (best friends, visit, every weekend) One of them is a boy called Alex. visits his best friends every weekend Look at the pictures below. Complete the sentences with the words in brackets. Add other words if necessary. Grammar exercise P57 S + V + O + A ② Last weekend,_________________________ _____________________________________. (Alex, some new books, showed, Tom, in his flat) Suddenly Alex knocked a flowerpot out of his window by accident. This ___________________. (them, made, worried) Alex showed some new books to Tom in his flat made them worried S + V + O + A S + V + O + OC ③ Luckily, no one was hurt by the flowerpot. Then______________________________. (for, went out, an hour, Alex and Tom) Alex and Tom went out for an hour ④Alex and Tom ________________________________. (later that afternoon, returned) They saw a policeman questioning a boy about the broken flowerpot. They ____________________(very bad, felt), but they did not know what to do. returned later that afternoon felt very bad A + S + V + A S + V + A S + V + SC 句子写作训练 1. 正在下大雨。 2. 她很努力学习。 3.我每天早上六点半起床。 4. 五年前，他们住在一间小房子里。 5. 我们班有20位男同学，25位女同学。 It is raining heavily. She studies very hard. I get up at half past six every morning. They lived in a small house five years ago. There are 30 boy students and 25 girl students in our class. 我们是中国人。 2. Kate 和Sam 曾是好朋友。 3. 你的梦想会成真。 4. 你准备好考试了吗？ 5. 他今天看上去很高兴。 6. 要学好英语不是一件很难的事。 We are Chinese. Kate and Sam were good friends. Your dream will come true. Are you ready for the exam? He looks very happy today. It is not very difficult to learn English well. 1. 我喜欢打篮球和羽毛球。 2. 你昨天看电影了吗？ 3. Kate既会说英语也会说中文。 4. 孩子们正在操场上高兴地玩游戏。 5. Mike 在暑假期间读了10本小说。 I like playing basketball and badminton. Did you see the movie yesterday? Kate can speak both English and Chinese. The children are playing games happily on the playground. Mike read ten novels during the summer holidays . 学评 P68 The game was invented. We all want to be a big star. My favourite sport is basketball. S V S V O S V SC 学评 P68 Watching the games can help me learn English. 5. Our experts can give you advice. S V O OC V S IO DO Goodbye! $$