第11讲 非谓语动词（考点精讲）-【中职专用】2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（黑龙江专用）

专题 11 非谓语动词 中职高考英语一轮复习 1 考纲要求·考情分析 01 考点突破·考法探究 03 目 录 04 课堂小结·查漏补缺 02 知识清单·网络构建 2 01 考纲要求·考情分析 3 根据考纲要求，要求考生掌握动词不定式、动词的﹣ing 形式和动词的﹣ed 形式的用法。。 考纲要求 非谓语动词是每年中职升学考试常考的内容，考点主要是对动词不定式和动词﹣ing 形式的考查，具体如下： 1．动词的三种非谓语形式（动词不定式、动词的-ing 形式和动词的﹣ed 形式）的语法功能； 2．常见动词后跟不定式作宾语或宾语补足语的不同情况； 3．只能用动词的﹣ing 形式作宾语的常见动词； 4．部分常见动词用动词﹣ing 形式或不定式作宾语的异同； 5．动词﹣ed 形式的用法。 考情分析 1. （2023春）I had my hair yesterday because it was too long . A . cutting B . to cut C . cuts D . cut 答案：D 解析：昨天我把头发剪了，因为太长了。 have sth done 使某事被做，让别人做某事。头发是别人剪的，自己不能剪。 2.（2023春考）He enjoys time with his friends on the weekend . A . spend . B . to spend C . spends D . spending 答案：D 解析：在周末，他喜欢和朋友们一起度过。 enjoy doing sth，enjoy接动名词作宾语，喜欢做某事。 02 考点突破·考法探究 8 1.熟记能接动名词和动词不定式作宾语的动词。 2.有些动词既能接动名词又能解动词不定式作宾语，注意不同含义。 3.使役动词和感官动词接动名词和不定式作宾语补足语。 4.背熟习惯用法和固定搭配。 备考策略 注意常考内容： 秘诀：分清非谓语动词的形式，背固定搭配 03 知识清单·网络构建 10 非谓语动词概述 定义：又叫非限定动词，非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词。 特点：①有动词的其他特点 ②不受人称和数的限制。 三种形式：不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）和分词【分词包括现在分词（doing）和过去分词（done）】。 非谓语动词 对比 形式 动词不定式（to do） 动名词（doing） 现在分词（doing） 过去分词（done） 意义 具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。往往有将来的意味。 相当于名词，表示经常性，经常性的的动作。 相当于形容词，副词，往往有现在的含义。 相当于形容词，副词，兼有被动，完成的含义。 充当句子成分 主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，补语 主语，宾语，表语，定语， 表语，定语，状语，补语 表语，定语，状语，补语 形式 主动 一般式 to do doing doing done 被动式 to be done being done being done 主动 完成式 to have done having done having done 被动 完成式 to have been done having been done having been done 否定式 在上述非谓语动词前 直接加not 一、动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,这里的to 是不定式符号,本身无意义有时可以省略。 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语。 动词不定式仍保留了动词的特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语。 动词不定式和它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语 二、动词不定式的基本用法 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。 三、动词不定式的否定形式:“not+动词不定式” not to do She told children not to play a trick on the old. 13 动词不定式 1.作主语 Eg. To play games is very interesting. 动词不定式作主语时通常用it作形式主语,真正的不定式主语则被后置。 常用句式有: (1)It+is+adj.( +for/of sb.) +to do sth.。 It is convenient to take the bus to school. It is kind of you to say so. (2)It takes sb.+some time+to do sth. It takes us three years to invent the machine. 14 2.作宾语 (1)常用动词不定式作宾语的动词(词组)有 afford, agree, want, would like , hope.decide, wish ,try , learn , expect,begin .help ,offer,start ,fail, plan , promise refuse 等。 I want to see the pandas.我想看熊猫。 She offers to help the poor children.她主动提出要帮助贫穷的孩子们。 We refuse to see our products in such price. 我们拒绝看到我们的产品价格如此之高。 15 (2)在 think, find, make 等动词后常用 it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式。如： I found it difficult to solve the problem. 我发现解决这个问题很难。 (3)动词不定式可以和 what,which，when.where,how 等连用作宾语。 I can’t decide where to go. 我不知道该去哪里。 I wonder what to buy for my tutor. 我不知道该给我的家教买什么。 I don’t know what to say. 我不知道该说什么。 只能接不定式作宾语的动词口诀： 决定想做计划需要同意， 能做被用来做的事 迫不及待下决心做 过去常常未能做的事 决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事 decide to do sth. 决定做某事 want∕would like to do sth. 想做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某 need to do sth. 需要做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 afford to do 能做某事 be used to do 被用来做 决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事 decide to do sth. 决定做某事 want∕would like to do sth. 想做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某 need to do sth. 需要做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 afford to do 能做某事 be used to do 被用来做 3.作状语 不定式作状语，修饰动词、形容词和副词，表示目的、结果、原因、条件等。 (1)不定式作状语表示目的时,可放在句首或句尾。 To achieve my dream , I practice running every morning. Later he left home to work in different cities. 后来他离开家到不同的城市工作。 (2)用作结果状语时,常与副词 enough 或 too连用。 He is old enough to go to school. He is too young to go to school. 20 4.作宾语补足语 1)常见后接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:advise,allow,ask,encourage,expect , force , invite , 1.We should allow students to choose their own clothes. 2.The teacher asked him to invent a new game. (2)在动词 help 后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带 to,也可以不带 to。 1.The neighbors help me (to ) take care of my pet dog. 2.The photo help me (to) remember the past. 21 接不定式作宾语补足语的动词口诀： 请求与命令 想要邀请 期待鼓励与建议 答应告诫 允许提醒和帮助 想要邀请 期待鼓励 与建议 want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 答应告诫 允许提醒和帮助 promise sb. to do 答应某人做某事 warn sb. not to do sth. 告诫某人做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 使役动词和感官动词后：省略to的宾补：一感二听三让四看半帮助 一感feel，二听hear/ listen to，三让 let, make, have,四看 look at, see, watch, notice (句型：hear sb do sth)半帮助(help) + do表示动作的完整性， see sb do sth 看见某人做过某事或看见某人做某事的全过程 +doing 表示动作的进行性。 see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 注意：被动语态中不能省去to。 sb is seen to do sth 区分下列词组: see sb. doing/ do sth. hear sb. doing/ do sth. watch sb. doing/ do sth. notice sb. doing/ do sth. 翻译句子，注意动词不定式。 I was seen to play games during the meeting. Students are made to practice over and over again. Lucy was heard to sing in the next room. 5.作定语 (1)动词不定式作定语时要后置。 I have a lot of work to do. They have nothing to do but waiting for the result. (2)如果是不及物动词,且与所修饰的词之间有逻辑上的被动关系,要在不定式后加上适当的介词。 I need a partner to practice English with. I have no room to live in. She has some animals to take care of. 3)something/anything/nothing+不定式。 we have something to say. I’ll buy something to eat. 27 6.作表语，如 The important thing is to finish the work on time . 重要的是按时完成工作。 7.不定式与疑问词who，which，when，where , how，what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语表语、宾语等。 He didn't know what to say. My question is when to start． How to solve the problem is very important (宾语) (表语) （主语） 注意：在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。 Why not have a rest? 1．The children decide ________ their school yard this Friday afternoon. A．clean　　B．to clean C．cleaning D．cleaned 2．______ a book in the library, enter a key word into the computer. A．To find B．Find C．To write D．Write B 【解析】 　本题考查动词不定式作目的状语。 A 3．Whenever you have a chance _______ English, you should take it. A．speak B．to speak C．spoke D．speaks 4．I’d like you ________ for a picnic with us. A．go B．to go C．going D．went B　 B　 5．More and more young people are trying to do something ________ the old. A．served B．to serve C．serve D．serves 6．We are going for a picnic tomorrow. I’ll call Wendy to make sure ________． A．why to start B．when to start C．what to start D．which to start B　 B　 动名词 一、动名词的构成 1.肯定式: 在动词原形后面加-ing 构成写作doing。 它具有名词的性质,在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语,同时又保留了动词的性质,可以有自己的宾语和状语 2.否定式:由“not+动词-ing形式”构成 not doing. 32 二、动名词的基本用法 1.作主语 动名词在句中作主语时.谓语动词用单数 Climbing mountains is kind of dangerous. Sleeping is the most important thing for me now. 2.作定语 We should improve our reading speed. She is a running star. 3.作表语 My hobby is making bags with old jeans. seeing is believing. 33 34 4.作宾语 (1)在某些动词 enjoy,practice,finish,mind,miss,keep,suggest, imagine,consider 等后面作宾语。 I suggest doing a survey about the decision. They consider giving away some food to the town. We practice playing basketball every day. (2)在介词at.in. of，to，for，after，by 等后面作宾语。 I am good at speaking English. She is interested in collecting stamps We look forward to taking a vacation. I study English by working with groups. 35 只能接-ing作宾语的动词口诀： 喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习 错过建议保持介意值得考虑 喜欢花费 忙着想象 忍不住想要 结束练习 enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 spend...doing sth. 花费…做某事 be busy doing sth. 忙于做… imagine sb. doing sth. 想象…做某事 can't help doing sth. 忍不住做某事 feel like doing sth. 想要做某事 finish doing sth. 完成做某事 practice doing sth. 练习做某事 miss doing sth. 错过做某事 suggest doing sth. 建议做某事 keep (on) doing sth. 保持（继续）做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事 be worth doing sth. 值得做某事 consider doing sth. 考虑做某事 错过建议保持介意值得考虑 be good at doing sth 擅长做某事 be interested in doing sth. 对做某事感兴趣 be used for doing sth. 被用来做某事 thank sb. for doing sth. 谢谢某人做某事 be tired of doing sth. 厌烦做某事 be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事 介词+doing put off doing 推迟做某事 stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 without doing sth. 没有做某事 think about doing sth. 考虑做某事 What ∕ How about doing 做某事怎么样? 此to 非彼to look forward to doing sth. （盼望） pay attention to doing sth. （注意） be used to doing sth. （习惯于） prefer doing sth to doing sth.（更喜欢） devote to doing sth （致力于） make a contribution to doing（做贡献） 特殊词精讲:部分动词后接不定式与动名词的区别 to do doing remember/forger /regret (do在后) 要做 （do在前）做过 stop /go on （两个字）两件事 （一个字）一件事 like/hate/love 一次性 长期 try 尽力做 尝试做 mean 打算做 意味着做 start/begin 相同 stop doing/to do stop to do　停下来去做另一件事， stop doing　停止正在做的某事。 他们停下来吸烟。 They stop to smoke. 我必须戒烟了 I must stop smoking. .remember to do sth记住要做某事(动作未发生) remember doing sth.记得曾做过某事(动作已发生) Please remember to close the window whenyou leave the room. I remember meeting all of you in Grade 7. forget to do sth忘记做某事(动作未发生) forget doing sth忘记做过某事(动作已发生) Iforgot to bring my homework.我忘记带作业了。(作业没带来) I forgot bringing my homework.我忘记经把作业带来了。(作业带来了) 44 try to do sth努力去做某事 try doing sth.试着做某事 please try to do better next time.下次请力做得更好些。 We tried using a new medicine.我们尝试一种新药。 regret to do sth.对要做某事感到遗憾(未做 regret doing sth.对做过某事感到后悔(已做) I regret to say so.我很遗憾这么说。 I don't regret making such a decision.我不后悔做出这样的决定。 45 mean to do sth.打算/想做某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事 I meant to find a job first.我想先找份工作。 Playing games means wasting time 玩游戏就是浪费时间。 go on to do做了一件事后，接着做另一件事， go on doing　继续做原来做的事。 After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics.做完数学后，他接着去做物理。 Go on doing other exercises after you have finished this one. 做完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习 46 7．—Don’t forget ________ your history and politics books tomorrow morning. —Thanks. I won’t. A．bring B．to bring C．bringing D．to take 8．Even Tony’s granddaughter, a five-year-old girl, asked him ________ smoking. A．give up B．gave up C．to give up D．giving up B　 C　 9．—I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation. What about you? —I haven’t decided where ________. A．go B．went C．going D．to go 10．—How is your grandma? —She’s fine. She used to ________ TV at home after supper. But now she is used to ________ out for a walk. A．watch; go B．watching; go C．watching; going D．watch; going D　 D　 分词 一、分词相当于形容词和副词，两者之间的区别主要体现在时态和语态上： 1.现在分词:由“动词原形+-ing”构成。现在分词有主动、进行之意。 2.过去分词:由“动词原形+-ed”构成。过去分词有被动、完成之意。 3.分词的否定式 not+分词 4.在句法功能上它们都可以作定语、表语、状语和宾补， 49 分词的基本用法 1.作定语 现在分词作定语，其逻辑主语是它所修饰的词; 过去分词作定语,其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词 There are many boys sleeping under the tree. 有许多男孩睡在树下。 I have to practice my spoken English.我必须练习我的英语口语。 50 2.作状语 现在分词作状语时其逻辑主语为句子的主语; 过去分词作状语时,其逻辑宾语为句子的主语 We went home together,talking and laughing. 我们一起回家，边说边笑。 Made by hand，the sweater looks beautiful. 这件毛衣是手工制作的，看起来很漂亮。 51 3.作表语 现在分词表示主语的性质、特征;过去分词表示某种状态 The result is surprising. 结果令人惊讶。 We are surprised at the beauty. 我们对美感感到惊讶。 4.现在分词作补语 现在分词作宾语补足语,宾语是它的逻辑主语;过去分词作宾语补足语,宾语是它的逻辑宾语 Don‘t keep us waiting for a long time. 别让我们等太久。 She just have her bike repaired. 她刚把自行车修好。 52 1. The teacher asked the students to close the windows ___ the wind from ___ the papers away. A. to stop; blowing B. stopping; blowing C. to stop; blow D. stopped; blow 2. There are many people ___ to buy cars in the modern world. A. want B. wanted C. wanting D. to want A C 3. Have you read this book? It’s worth _______. A. to read B. read C. reading D. to be read 4. Yesterday I heard a story ____ by my friend. A. told B. telling C. to tell D. tell 5. --- What do you come here for? --- _______. A. Borrow a CD B. To borrow a CD C. Borrowing a CD D. Borrowed a CD C A B 6. Now more and more people are busy____about the Internet. 　A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learned 7.---It's too hot. Would you mind _____the door? 　---______. Please do it. 　A. to open; OK B. opening; Certainly not 　C. opening; Of course D. to open; Good idea 8. No matter how hard it is, we'll keep_____until we make it. 　A. failed B. failing C. tried D. trying C B D 9. -Are you enjoying_____in Ningbo? 　 -Yes, we are. Very much. 　A. to live B. living C. lives D. lived 10．We couldn’t help _____(laugh) after we heard the funny story A. to laugh B. laughing C. laughs D. laughed B B 第一步：辨别“谓与非谓” 第二步：找非谓语的逻辑主语 第三步：判断语态 第四步：分析时态 解题技巧：非谓语的“有法可依”（以下可选用） 第一步：谓与非谓 There are nine planets ____ around the sun, and the earth ____ one of them. Ａ.moving; being B. moving; is C. move; being D. moved; is 答案：B 分析句子结构 _____many times , but he still couldn't understand it . 2. _____many times , he still couldn't understand it . Having been told B. Told C. He was told D. Though he had been told 解析： 句1. 用连词but 引导并列句子，因此，前面与后句一样也是个 独立句子成分，故选C。 句2. 句中用逗号隔开,且无连词引导，因此，前面不是句子结构， 只是句子的一个成分，故选A，用非谓语动词作状语。 C A 第二步找非谓语逻辑主语 确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致。若不一致，则须加上自己的逻辑主语。 怎么加? 找非谓语的逻辑主语 一、作定语时，被修饰的词是逻辑主语 二、作状语时，句子的主语是逻辑主语 三、作宾语补足语时，宾语是逻辑主语 _______no buses , we had to walk home. A. There being B. It were C. There were D. It being? Exercises First ____ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced 分析: 非谓语动词的逻辑主语是: these products, 与句子的主语一致, 故选B 2. ______Sunday, I shall have a quiet day at home . A D 分析：句1. 表示“没有公共汽车”，应用“there be”结构，即逻辑主语是“there”，故选A 。 句2. 同理选D。 第四步.分析时态 在选定了主动或被动后，还要考虑动作发生的时间问题，即时态, 是进行时还是完成时? 不定式 to do 主 动 被 动 一般式 to write to be written 进行式 to be writing 完成式 to have written to have been written 之后 同时 之前 及物动词 动名词/现在分词 doing 主 动 被 动 一般式 writing being written 进行式 完成式 having written having been written 过去分词 done 主 动 被 动 一般式 done 进行式 完成式 The problem____ next is of great importance. The building____ now is our future classroom. The problem____ just now is of treat importance. discussed B. being built C. to be discussed 根据非谓语自带的时间状语确定时间 A ______ B __　　 C ___ 根据上下文的语境确定时间 ---Li Ming is said ____ abroad. Do you know what country ---Yes, In London. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying he studied in ? he will study in? he studies in? A B C The building ______now will be a restaurant . 2. The building ______next year will be a restaurant . 3. The building ______last year is a restaurant. A. having been built B. to be built? C. being built D. built? Exercises C B D 分析: 句1中 now 说明大楼正在被修，故用进行式，选C。 句2中next year 说明大楼将在明年被修，故用表将来 的不定式，选B。 句3中 last year 说明大楼已被修，但不能选，因为 现在分词的完成式不能作定语，故用过去分词, 选D 04 课堂小结·查漏补缺 68 中职对口升学非谓语动词常考点分析 1.非谓语动词作宾语和宾语补足语，背好常见用法。记住句型。 2.感官动词和使役动词带宾语补足语省略to的情况。 make sb do，see sb do，have sth done 3.分词做状语的情况。 4.动词不定式作主语，it做形式主语的两种情况。 it is +形容词+for/of sb to do sth 秘诀，背会习惯用法，基本题型都能解答。 Thank You 70 $$