内容正文:
专题10 动词的时态和语态
中职高考英语一轮复习
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考纲要求·考情分析
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考点突破·考法探究
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目 录
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课堂小结·查漏补缺
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知识清单·网络构建
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01
考纲要求·考情分析
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根据考纲要求,动词及其时态、语态构成了英语句子结构中至关重要且不可或缺的组成部分。英语动词、时态、语态的使用规则繁多,搭配丰富,是英语学习的核心难点,也是中职升学考试的重要考查内容,涵盖多种考题类型。
考纲要求
其主要测试内容包括:动词一般现在时第三人称单数形式、现在分词、过去式、过去分词的构成;五种时态—— 一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时的谓语动词结构及其基本用法以及各时态对应的时间判定;在语境中区分并正确运用一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时的被动语态。
考情分析
1.(2021春考)The film him what he had seen in London.
A.remind;of B.reminded;of C.reminded;off D.remind;off
答案:B
解析: 这部电影使他想起了他在伦敦所看到的事。
remind sb of sth,固定搭配,使某人想起某事。
由从句what he had seen in London.的动词时态可知要选择过去时。故选择B.reminded;of 。
2.(2023春考) Jim won ' t catch the train in time , unless he a taxi .
A . will take B . take C . takes D . taking
答案:C
3. (2023春考) you start now ?
A . May B . Will C . Shall D . Ought
答案: B
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考点突破·考法探究
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英语中不同时间和方式发生的动作或状态要用谓语动词的
不同形式来表示,这种表示动作或状态发生时间和方式的
动词形式称为动词时态。
语态是动词的一种形式,用以说明句中主语和谓语动词的关系。
英语动词有主动和被动两种语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的
执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,表示被动含义。
备考策略 注意常考内容:
秘诀:熟记动词的基本形式
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知识清单·网络构建
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时态:
随时间的变化,而变化动词的形态
时态的定义
时间
动词的形态
做作业 ___________
do homework
1.我每天写作业。 I ___ homework every day.
2.我正在写作业。 I __________ homework now.
3.我昨天写作业了。I ___ homework yesterday.
do
am doing
did
时间不同
时态不同
动词形式不同
不同的时间,do homework的不同表达,称为动词的时态。
一般
进行
将来
现在
完成
时
态
的
分
类
过去
过去将来
完成进行
动作发生的时间
时 + 态
发生的动作,存在的状态
时 态 结构
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
复习常考的六种时态
时 态 构 成
一般现在时 主语+动词原形+其他
主语(第三人称单数)+动词三单形式+其他
一般过去时 主语+动词过去式+其他
一般将来时 主语+will+动词原形+其他
主语+be going to+动词原形+其他
现在进行时 主语+am/is/are +v-ing +其他
过去进行时 主语+was/were+ v-ing+ 其他
现在完成时 主语+have/has+动词过去分词+其他
常考的六种时态
背
时态的考点:
1.发生时间
2.时态结构
3.时态标志
名称 用法 标志词 结构
V:动词的意思。
always, usually, often, sometimes,once a year, twice a month, three times a week等;
一
般
现
在
时
“主将从现”
1.经常性的、习惯性的动作或状态;
2.客观事实和真理;
3.在when ,as soon as, until等引导的
时间状语从句和if 引导的条件状语从句中, 用一般现在时.
1.is/am/are
2.V原 /V三单
一
般
过
去
时
1.表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态。
2.表示在过去一段时间内,经常性习惯性
的动作或状态。
(used to do sth.)
yesterday,
just now,
....ago,
last week…
V的过去式
1.will+v原
2.am/is/are + going to +v原
一
般
将
来
时
1.表示将要发生的的动作或存在的状态。
2.表示计划或打算要做的事。
tomorrow, next …
in 2022
in the future
名称 用法 标志词 结构
现在进行时
过去进行时
表示说话时或现在正在发生的动作。
表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作。
now, look,listen,at the moment等。
at 10:00 yesterday ,
at that time,when,
while等。
am/is/are +V- ing
was /were+ V-ing
名称 用法 标志词 结构
现在完成时
过去完成时
“过去的过去”
表示在过去某一时刻前已完成的动作。
by,
by the time,
by the end of
1. already ;yet ; ever; never;just; before
2.over the years ,
in the last few years ,so far
for +时间段
since+时间点
1.表示过去发生 的动作,对现在造成的影响。
2.表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态,有可能继续下去。
have/has+ V-pp
had+ V-pp
原形动词结尾情况 V三单 V-ing V过/V过分
一般情况
s,x,sh,ch,o结尾
辅音字母+y结尾
哑e结尾
重读闭音节
一元+一辅结尾
ie结尾
见不规则动词表
考
点
突
破
+s
+es
y i+es
have has
规
则
变
化
不规则变化
+ing
ie y+ing
无
双写辅音字母+ing
去e+ing
+ed
y i+ed
+d
双写辅音字母+ed
动词的变化形式
原形 三单 现在分词 过去式 过去分词
go
leave
die
carry
drop
take
hear
goes
leaves
dies
carries
drops
takes
hears
going
hearing
dying
carrying
dropping
taking
leaving
went
left
died
carried
dropped
took
heard
gone
left
died
carried
dropped
taken
heard
难
点
解
析
客观真理永远用一般现在时
if,when,as soon as “主将从现”
1
1.Yesterday the teacher told us the earth _______ (go) around the sun.
2.He'll send me a message as soon as he _______(arrive)in Sichuan.
3.The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起,西方落下。
4. Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。
5.Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。
6.The sound travels fater than the light. 声音的速度比光快。
goes
arrives
典型例题
主句 从句
2
when+一般过去时
过去进行时
while+过去进行时
一般过去时
过去进行时
while+过去进行时
1.A boy rushed in _______I was sleeping in my room.
我正睡觉时,一个男孩跑了进来。
2.Tom was doing his homework_______I was reading a newspaper.
汤姆在做作业,而我在读报纸。
3._______ the rainstorm came,the girl was waiting for the bus.
当暴雨来临时,女孩在等公交车。
while
while
When
have/has been to
have/has gone to
have/has been in
3
去过某地(已回)(可以去好几次)
去了某地(未回)(这次去了,还没有回来)
来/去某地多久,在某地待了多久
完成时注意!
瞬间性动词不能与for, since等表示一段时间的短语连用。
瞬间性动词 延续性动词
buy
borrow
leave
die
start/begin
get married
join
4
be on
be dead
be in/be a member of
be away
keep
be married
have
( )1.His father _____ the Party since 2000.
A.joined B.has joined C.was in D.has been in
( )2. —The new shirt looks good on you.
When did you buy it?
—On July 7th. I ____ it for a week.
A.have bought B.have had C.bought D.buy
D
B
时态解题三大招
Tip1.时间标志法
Tip2.时间呼应法
Tip3.具体语境法
Tip1.时间标志法
1.Mike ________ (not go) to bed until 12 o’clock last night.昨晚迈克直到12点才上床睡觉。
2.Look! He __________(lie) on the beach.看,他正躺在沙滩上。
3. _____ you ever_______ (eat) Beijing duck?你吃过北京烤鸭吗?
4.Mike and I ___________ (play) basketball at that time yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午这个时候迈克和我在打篮球。
5.____ a concert in our school next Saturday.
A.There is B.There are C.There will be D.There will have
下周六我们学校有一场音乐会。
didn’t go
is lying
Have eaten
was playing
C
1.My father is a teacher and he _________ (teach) in a middle school.
我爸爸是一名老师,他在一所中学任教。
2.He asked if I _____(be) a student.
他问我是不是学生。
3.I will go to senior high school and I __________ (study) harder.
我将要上高中我会学习更努力。
Tip2.时态呼应法
teaches
was
will study
Tip3.具体语境法
Now,Tom and Bob__________ (talk) about the greatest person in history.Tom thinks Paul Yum_____(be)the greatest person, but Bob ____never ______(hear) of him.Tom _____ (think)Paul Yum is an inventor,because he _____ (invent) his favorite food.
are talking
is
has heard
thinks
invented
解题技巧
二.寻找标志词(明线+暗线)
一.观察选项判断考点(动词的形式)
1. —May I speak to the headmaster?
—He a meeting now. Can I take a message?
A. is having B. had C. has D. will have
2.--Is this the place that you ______ ?---No. I’ve never been there before. A. will visit B. have visited C. are visiting
3.--Alice,turn down the TV,please.I _____on the phone.
--Oh,sorry.
A.have talked B.talked C. am talking D.talk
4.—What does your sister like doing in her spare time?—She watching TV.A. likes B. liked C. has liked D. had liked
5.---Hello! Can I speak to Mr. White?---Sorry, he isn’t here right now. He ______ to the park. A. will go B. was going C. has gone D. has been
6.While the teacher was talking with Mary,we ________notes.
A.took B.take C.were taking D. are taking
7.Mr. Green ______ his lessons when I went into his office.
A. prepares B.prepared C. is preparing D.was preparing
8.When my mother ____in, we were watching TV.
A. came B. is coming C. was coming D.comes
9. --You look very nice in your new dress today.
--Oh,really?I _______it when it was on sale.
A.buy B.bought C.have bought D.will buy
10.Julie's father ______to London last month. He _____there four times.
A.went, has gone B. has gone, has been
C. went, has been D.has been, had gone
附录(选用)
Ⅱ. 几种常见时态的相互转换
英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换,以下是几种常见的转换形式:
一、一般过去时与现在完成时的转换
在现在完成时中,延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语連用,瞬间动词却不能。但是,可用別的表达方式:
①瞬间动词用于“一段时间+ ago”的一般过去时的句型中;
②瞬间动词可改成与之相对應的延续性动词及短语,与一段时间連用;
③瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间+ since + 一般过去时”的句型中,表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思,主句一般用it is来代替It has been;
④瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。
A. He joined the League two years ago.
B. He has been in the League for two years.
C. It is two years since he joined the League.
D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.
二、一般现在时与现在进行时的转换
在一般现在时中,at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”,如at work(在工作), at school(上学、上课)等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看:
Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.
Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
三、现在进行时与一般将来时的转换
在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。
如:I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来,妈妈!”
The train is leaving soon.
The train will leave soon.
四、“be going to+动词原形”与“will(shall)+动词原形”结构的转换
“be going to+动词原形”、表示打算、计划要做的事;将来时“will(shall)+动词原形”结构在书面语中,当主语为第一人称时,常用助动词shall。在口语中,所有人称都可以用will。请看:
We are going to visit the GREat Wall next Sunday.
We shall visit the GREat Wall next Sunday。
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中考英语专项复习 形容词和副词
被动语态
Passive Voice
(一)语态的分类:主动语态和被动语态
语态实际上指的是主语和动词谓语的关系。主语和动词是主动的关系,就是主动语态,主语和动词是被动的关系,就是被动语态,见表格。
语态 例句
主动语态:表示主语是动作的执行者 Many people speak Chinese.
被动语态:表示主语是动作的承受者 Chinese is spoken by many people.
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(二)常用被动语态的形式及构成 (以do为例)
时态 构成 例句
一般现在时 am/is/are done The classroom is cleaned every day.
一般过去时 was/were The classroom was cleaned just now.
现在进行时 am/is/are being The classroom is being cleaned now.
过去进行时 was/were being The classroom was being cleaned at this time yesterday.
一般将来时 will/shall be The classroom will be cleaned tomorrow.
过去将来时 would be The classroom would be cleaned the next day.
现在完成时 have/has been The classroom has already been cleaned.
过去完成时 had been The classroom had already been cleaned by them.
情态动词 can/may/must/should be The classroom must be cleaned every day.
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1.带双宾语句子的被动语态.(指物的宾语叫直接宾语,指人的宾语叫间接宾语)如:a book was given to Tom(Tom was given a book)/a book was bought for Tom
2.含有动词短语的被动语态,不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。如:The baby is taken good care of.
3.感官动词和使役动词的被动语态。如:see sb do sth sb be seen to do sth
4.过去分词做后置定语,表被动。如:a boy called Tom
5.过去分词做宾补,表被动。如:get/make/have sth done
→
被动语态的几种特殊类型:
6.某些动词形式是主动,但含有被动的意思。
①某些动词,如 wash、clean、cook、sell、read、wear、draw、write、drive 等与副词连用时,(通常表示状态而不是动作)常用主动式表示被动意义。例如:
The book sells well .这本书卖得很好。
②在 need、require、want 和 worth 等后的动名词必须用主动形式。例如:
The door needs repairing .= The door needs to be repaired .这门需要修一下。
③某些"介词+名词"可表示被动意义。例如:
This kind of new machine is on display .这种新机器正在被展出。
④表示"开始、结束"的动词常用主动式表示被动意义。例如:
The meeting will begin at 8 o ' clock tomorrow .会议会在明天8点开始。
⑤ be worth doing中的doing
This book is worth reading twice.这本书值得读两遍。
This film is worth seeing . 这部电影值得一看。
⑥在"be + 形容词 + to do"中,不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语,用主动代被动。
另外:be to blame(受谴责),be to rent(出租)也用主动形式表被动。
⑦系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel,sound,taste,look,feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
this cloth feels soft . 这个布摸起来很软。
the soup tastes good 这个汤尝起来很好。
不能用被动语态的几种情况:
(1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。
(2)表示状态的谓语动词,如:last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit等。
(3)表示归属的动词,如have、own、belong to等。
(4)表示"希望、意图"的动词,如:wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。
(5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态,不能用被动语态。
(三)被动语态考点
1.sell和sell out
sell无被动语态; sell out有被动语态
The book sells very well. 这本书卖得很好。
The book has been sold out. 已经卖完了。
2.take place/happen/change/break out(爆发)无被动语态
Our home town has changed a lot. 我们的家乡变化很大。
A car accident happened just now. 刚刚发生了一场车祸。
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3.动词不等式符号to在be made/be heard/be seen中还原
be made to do sth. 被迫做某事;
be heard/seen to do sth. 被听到/看到做某事
The workers were made to work for a long time in the old time.
在过去,工人们被迫长时间工作。
The girl is heard to sing in the next door.
有人听见那个女孩在隔壁唱歌。
The boys are seen to play soccer on the playground.
有人看见男孩子们在操场上踢足球。
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1.In many places in China,the old over 90________not only by their family but also by the government.( )
A.is taking good care B.are taken good care of
C.is taking good care of
2.Bamboo can________ paper.( )
A.used to make B.be used make C.be used to make
3.It is true that knowledge________rather than being taught.( )
A.learns B.learned C.is learned
B
C
C
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4.Driving after drinking wine________in China.( )
A.allows B.doesn't allow C.isn't allowed
5.The disabled people shouldn't________ .Instead,we should be friendly to them.( )
A.look down B.look down on C.be looked down on
C
C
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6.In the past the children were made________15 hours a day.
A.works B.work C.to work
7.The 31st Olympic Games________in Brazil in 2016.
A.hold B.will hold C.will be held
8.—Wow! You have a ticket to the Expo.
—It________by my uncle. He is working in Shanghai.
A. is bought B. was bought C. has bought
9. I________to take part in the English speech contest last week. A.ask B.asked C.was asked
C
C
B
C
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04
课堂小结·查漏补缺
53
解题技巧
1. 判断语态
相对于时态而言,语态更好判断一些。
英语中的语态共两种:主动语态和被动语态。
多数题型是四个选项中主动语态和被动语态各占一半,如果首先判断出语态,排除了主动语态的选项或含有被动语态的选项,那么该题目的正确率可以达到50%。
另外,通过语义表达,学生是不难判断出该句子的主语发出的动作表达的是主动含义还是被动含义。
2. 看时间状语或标志词
不同的时态对应的时间状语是不同的。
一般现在时的时间状语有:表频率的时间状语(频度副词或介词短语);
一般过去时的时间状语有:last week; a moment ago; in 1980; yesterday等等表过去的某时间;
一般将来时的时间状语有:tomorrow, next year, next week, two days later等等表将来的时间;
现在完成时的时间状语有:so far, up to now, for+时间段, since+时间点,over/in the past/last few years/months…等等;
过去完成时的时间状语有:before+过去的时间, by+过去的时间等;
现在进行时的时间状语有:now, at the moment等;
过去进行时的时间状语有:at this time yesterday, at 8:00 this morning等过去某一时间点。
记住和不同时态一起搭配的时间状语,有助于我们提高做题的正确率。
3. 看复合句中的其他句子的谓语动词
比较该动词和要填的动词发生的时间先后,可以判断出要填的谓语动词是发生在现在、将来、过去,还是过去的过去等等。
4. 固定句型
This/It is/was the first/second…that从句,从句用现在完成时或过去完成时;
hardly/rarely/scarcely+过去完成时+when+一般过去时;
no sooner+过去完成时+than+一般过去时;While引导的句子用一般时或进行时;
when引导的句子用一般时。
5. 语法归纳
在时间、条件和让步状语从句中用主将从现(主句用将来时,从句用现在时);
主情从现(主句出现情态动词,从句用现在时);主祈从现(主句是祈使句,从句用现在时);
含有宾语从句的复合句,时态的归纳。主过从必过(主句时态是过去时,从句时态也用过去的某种时态);主现从不限(主句时态是现在时,从句时态没有限制);真理永不变(客观事实和普遍真理宾语从句永远用一般现在时)。
时 态 构 成
一般现在时 主语+动词原形+其他
主语(第三人称单数)+动词三单形式+其他
一般过去时 主语+动词过去式+其他
一般将来时 主语+will+动词原形+其他
主语+be going to+动词原形+其他
现在进行时 主语+am/is/are +v-ing +其他
过去进行时 主语+was/were+ v-ing+ 其他
现在完成时 主语+have/has+动词过去分词+其他
常考的六种时态
(二)常用被动语态的形式及构成 (以do为例)
时态 构成 例句
一般现在时 am/is/are done The classroom is cleaned every day.
一般过去时 was/were The classroom was cleaned just now.
现在进行时 am/is/are being The classroom is being cleaned now.
过去进行时 was/were being The classroom was being cleaned at this time yesterday.
一般将来时 will/shall be The classroom will be cleaned tomorrow.
过去将来时 would be The classroom would be cleaned the next day.
现在完成时 have/has been The classroom has already been cleaned.
过去完成时 had been The classroom had already been cleaned by them.
情态动词 can/may/must/should be The classroom must be cleaned every day.
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Remember the past!记住过去
Live in the present !活在当下
Dream about the future!梦想未来
Thank You
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