第15讲 定语从句(考点精讲)-【中职专用】2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(黑龙江专用)

2024-08-04
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专题15 定语从句 中职高考英语一轮复习 1 考纲要求·考情分析 01 考点突破·考法探究 03 目 录 04 课堂小结·查漏补缺 02 知识清单·网络构建 2 01 考纲要求·考情分析 3 根据考纲要求,定语从句是必考语法项目之一,考生需掌握定语从句中关系代词 that 、 who 、whose和 which 以及关系副词where、when、how的用法。 考纲要求 1.考查关系代词引导的定语从句; 2.考查关系副词引导的定语从句; 3.介词与关系代词连用的定语从句; 4.限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的区别。 考情分析 1. (2023春)We will visit the factory you worked . A . where B . which C . that D . when 解析:考查定语从句。句意是:我们将参观你工作的工厂。 主句的宾语the factory 后面是它的定语从句,起修饰限制作用。由关系副词where引导,因为定语从句 you worked .的谓语动词work是不及物动词,因此定语从句中不需要宾语故不选择B . which C . that ,而D . when 表示时间,不符合题意。故选择 A . where 。 A 2.(2023春考)The young woman you talked is a famous athlete . A . who B . whom C . to whom D . whose 解析:句意:和你谈话的那位年轻女士是一位著名的运动员。 talk to sb,与某人谈话。此句考查定语从句。 C 02 考点突破·考法探究 8 1. 定语从句的关系代词that和which的区别。 2.引导定语从句的关系副词和关系代词的区别。 3.定语从句的语序和时态。 备考策略 注意常考内容: 秘诀:熟记基础用法,背典型例句 03 知识清单·网络构建 10 CONTENT 什么是定语从句 定语从句的基本结构 定语从句的解题步骤 目录 什么是定语从句 1.句子按结构分类 1. 简单句:由一个主语和一个谓语构成的句子; 2. 并列复合句:由并列连词 (and, so, but, or等) 把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子; 3. 主从复合句: 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。 2.什么是定语 我 喜欢 花。 漂亮的 I like the flowers. I like the beautiful flowers. 我 喜欢 妈妈送我的 花。 I like the flowers that my mom sent me. 定语是用来修饰、限定名词或代词的,主要有形容词等。 “……的”。 在复合句中,修饰、限定某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 也称关系从句、形容词性从句。 定语是一个句子, 就是定语从句。 定语的主要功能:限定范围 I like the flowers. 我喜欢花。 I like the colorful flowers. 我喜欢五颜六色的花。 I like the colorful flowers which father planted in the garden. 我喜欢爸爸在花园里种的五颜六色的花。 My cat is the orange one. 我的猫是那只橙色的。 My cat is the orange one which is sleeping . 我的猫是那只正在睡觉的橙色的。 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 具有限定作用,指特定的人或物,和主句的关系密切(删除之后影响整个句子的表达) 和主句关系不密切(是一种补充说明,删除后不影响这个句子意思的表达) 不用逗号与主句隔开,紧跟先行词 用逗号与主句隔开 可用关系代词 that 引导 不可用关系代词 that 引导 who 、 which 等关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略 关系代词不可以省略 whom 作宾语时可用 who 或 that 替代 whom 作宾语时不能用 who 或 that 替代 只可以修饰先行词,不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分 可以修饰整个主句或主句的一部分 常译为定语 常译为并列句 两种定语从句 定语从句的构成 定语从句的基本结构 先行词 + 关系词/引导词 + 定语从句 先行词:被定语从句所修饰的词; 关系词/引导词:引导定语从句的词。 I like the colorful flowers which father planted in the garden. 先行词 关系词/引导词 定语从句 单击此处编辑母版文本样式 第二级 第三级 第四级 第五级 定语从句的先行词 The boy who is singing at the stage is only 9 years old .( 先行词是名词 the boy ) 正在舞台上唱歌的那个男孩只有9岁。 Anyone that is willing to help others is welcome to our group .( 先行词是anyone ) 我们团队欢迎那些愿意帮助别人的人加入。 His mother is out of danger , which excites their family very much .( 先行词是句子his mother is out of danger ) 他的母亲脱离危险,这令他的家人们非常振奋。 先行词:被定语从句所修饰的词; 它一般是由名词、代词或句子充当。 单击此处编辑母版文本样式 第二级 第三级 第四级 第五级 定语从句关系词的作用: I like the colorful flowers which father planted in the garden. 先行词 引导词/关系词 关系词指代先行词,放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用, 同时又充当定语从句中的某一种成分(主语、宾语、定语等)。 I like the colorful flowers. Father planted the colorful flowers in the garden. 连接、代替、作成份 先行词 关系词的分类 关系代词:who, which, that, whose, (whom),as 关系副词:where, when, why what、how 不能引导定语从句 关系代词引导的定语从句 who —人 — 主语/宾语 whom —人 — 宾语 which —物 — 主语/宾语 that —人/物 — 主语/宾语 whose —人/物 — 定语 as—人 /物— 主语/宾语 先行词 关系词在从句中充当的成分 who/whom引导的定语从句 This is the man who helped me yesterday . 这就是昨天帮助我的那个人。(作主语) The teacher who / whom you want to see is coming . 你要见的老师来了。(作see的宾语) Jay is a famous singer who is from Taiwan. 周杰伦是一位来自台湾的著名歌手。 which引导的定语从句 This is a robot (which/that can speak). 这是一个可以说话的机器人。 The story (which/that he told) was very funny. 他讲的那个故事很有趣。 I like the flowers which/that my father planted in the garden. 我喜欢爸爸种在花园里的花。 that引导的定语从句 I met a woman (that/who can speak four languages.) 我遇见了一位会说四种语言的女士。 The story (that/which he told) was very funny. 他讲的那个故事很有趣。 that引导的定语从句,先行词可以是人,也可以是物。 注意:They talked about the persons and things ______ they remembered at school. A.which B.who C.that D.whom C 为什么? whose引导的定语从句 This is the boy (whose mother is a teacher). 这就是那个妈妈是老师的男孩。 whose —人/物 — 定语 Please pass me the book (whose cover is white). 请递给我白色封皮的那本书。 whose = 先行词 ’s Feng xiaogang is a famous director whoes films are popular among people. 冯小刚是一位著名的导演,他的电影深受人们的喜爱。 先行词的所有格 whose指人时可以与 of whom 互换,指物时可以与 of which 互换。 Please pass me the book whose cover is green .= Please pass me the book of which the cover is green .请递给我哪本绿皮书。 They ran to help the man whose car had broken down .= They ran to help the man of whom the car had broken down . 那个人的车坏了,他们跑去帮忙。 请比较以下三句:我买了一本书,作者是位著名的科学家。① I bought a book whose author was a famous scientist .②1 bought a book of which the author was a famous scientist .③ I bought a book , the author of which was a famous scientist . 只能用that的特殊情况 1. 先行词既有人又有物; She took photographs of the people and things that she was interested in . 她把她感兴趣的人和物全都拍摄了下来。 —What are you doing? —We are talking about the books and writers _____ we like. 2. 先行词是不定代词(anything, something, everything, anyone, all等) 或被不定代词修饰; She told me everything (that she knew).她把知道的一切都告诉了我。 只能用that的特殊情况 3. 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时; This is the best film (that I have ever seen). 这是我看过最好的电影。 4. 先行词被序数词修饰时; The first thing (that we should do) is to get some food. 我们应该做到的第一件事是弄一些食物。 5. 先行词被特指的词修饰时(the only, the same等) This is the only book that I take with me all the time. 这是我一直带在身上的唯一一本书。 6.当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。 He still talks like the man ( that ) he was ten years ago . 他说话还像十年前那个人。7.当主句是以 what 或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时。 Who is the person that is standing at the gate ?站在门口的那个人是谁? Which of us that knows something about physics cannot join electric wires ? 我们之中懂得物理的人有谁不会接电线? 只能用that的特殊情况 1. 先行词既有人又有物; 2. 先行词是不定代词(anything, something, everything, anyone, all等)或被不定代词修饰; 3. 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时; 4. 先行词被序数词修饰时; 5. 先行词被特指的词修饰时(the only, the same等) 只能用which的特殊情况 1. 前有逗号,在非限制性定语从句中; Football , which is a very interesting game , is played all over the world now . 足球这个很有趣的运动项目,现在全世界的人都在玩。 2. 介词后 I ' m looking for a container in which I can put all these eggs . 我在找一个能放下所有这些鸡蛋的容器。 3. 先行词本身就是 that 时。例如: What ' s that which excites you so much ?是什么事情让你如此兴奋? 用 who 不用 that 的情况 1)先行词是指人的不定代词 one 、 ones 、 anyone 时,不宜用 that 。 One who puts his heart into it is sure to succeed .专心致志的人一定会成功。 The ones who tell me the truth are my true friends . 那些告诉我实情的人是我真正的朋友。We don ' t want anyone who is poor to go hungry .我们不想让任何一个处境艰难的人挨饿。2)先行词为指人的 those 时。 Those who study hard are sure to get good score . 学习努力的人一定会取得好成绩。Those who want to go on an outing sign up here .想去郊游的人在这里签名。 3)当先行词指人并含有较长的后置定语或在被分隔的定语从句中时。 The person is downstairs who you have been looking for since last year .自去年以来你一直在找的那个人,就在楼下。 The little girl was crying hard who lost her way while looking for her mother .那个小女孩在找妈妈的途中迷了路,正哭得厉害。 4) there be 结构中先行词指人时。 There is a beautiful girl who wants to see you .有一位漂亮的女孩想要见你。 There are many old ladies who like him .许多老太太都喜欢他。 as引导的定语从句 1.as 是关系代词,引导限制性定语从句。 as 在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语,意为"像……一样",它多和 such / the same 连用。 the same / such 常放在主句中,修饰先行词(具体名词)。 John suffered from the same disease as his brother did . 约翰得了跟他兄弟同样的病。( as 在从句中作 did 的宾语) We drove out of the town by the same road as we had entered by . 我们沿着进城的路开车出城。( as 在从句中作介词宾语) He is such a famous scientist as his father ( is ). 他像他父亲一样是位著名的科学家。( as 在从句中作表语) 2. as 从句类似插入语,有些已成固定格式。例如: as has been said before 如前所述 as is well known ( to all )众所周知 as is pointed 如……所示 as often happen 正如经常发生的那样 as is often said 正如经常说的那样 as we have seen 正如我们所看到的那样 as may be hoped 如同所希望的那样 关系代词的省略 1. I like the car you bought last month. 我喜欢你上个月买的车。 2. She is the woman I met yesterday. 她就是我昨天遇到的那个女人。 不管定语从句修饰的是人还是物,如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语成分,通常就可以省略。 关系副词的用法关系副词有 when 、 where 、 why , 在定语从句中作状语,分别表示时间、地点和原因。 关系副词主要起三个作用: 代替先行词;在定语从句中作状语;连接先行词与定语从句。 1.关系副词 when 的用法 when 在定语从句中作时间状语,往往代指时间,此时可与 on which 、 in which 、 at which during which 等互换; when 的先行词通常是 time 、 day 、 season 、 age 等表示时间的名词。例如: This was the time when / at which he arrived .这是他到达的时间。 Spring is the season when / in which grass and trees turn green .春天是草木变绿的季节。 Who knew the time when the last train came ?谁知道最后一列火车到来的时间? 2.关系副词 where 的用法 where 在定语从句中作状语,用来指代地点,可与 in which 互换; where 的先行词通常是 place 、 city 、 town 、 village 、 house 等表示地点的名词,有时先行词也可表示抽象的地点。例如: Beijing is the place where / in which I was born .北京是我出生的地方。 This is the room where he studies .这是他学习的房间。 This is the place where he works .这是他工作的地方。 3.关系副词 why 的用法 why 在定语从句中作状语,表示原因,先行词只能是 reason ; why 可与 for which 互换。 Is this the reason why/for which he refused our help? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助的理由吗? 注意: why 不能用于非限制定语从句。 关系代词和关系副词的选择先行词虽然是表示时间或地点的名词,但在定语从句中作主语或宾语时,要用关系代词而不用关系副词,作状语时才用关系副词。 This is the place which we visited last week .这是我们上周参观的那个地方。(从句中的谓语动词 visited 为及物动词,从句缺少宾语,故用关系代词 which ) This is the place where we went last week .这是我们上周去的那个地方。(从句中的谓语动词 went 为不及物动词,不缺宾语,所以用关系副词 where ) The reason that / which the company offers is unbelievable .公司给出的理由令人难以置信。(从句中的谓语动词 ofers 为及物动词,从句缺少宾语,故用关系代词 that / which ) 重点! 定语从句的主谓一致和时态一致问题1)关系代词作主语时, 定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与前面的先行词保持一致。 Mr . Smith , who is now downstairs , is asking to see you .史密斯先生要见你,他现在就在楼下。 The Smiths , who are now downstairs , are asking to see you .史密斯一家要见你,他们现在就在楼下。 Jeff is one of the students who were awarded last year .杰夫是去年受嘉奖学生之一。 Jeff is the only one of the students who was awarded last year .杰夫是去年这些学生当中唯一一个受嘉奖的。 2)定语从句的时态一般不受主句影响,只需根据从句的情况而定。 The professor who lectured yesterday is from Peking University . 昨天演讲的教授来自北京大学。(从句用一般过去时) The professor who is lecturing now is from Peking University . 现在正在演讲的教授来自北京大学。(从句用现在进行时) The professor who will lecture tomorrow is from Peking University .明天要来演讲的教授来自北京大学。(从句用一般将来时) 单击此处编辑母版文本样式 第二级 第三级 第四级 第五级 定语从句的解题步骤 1. 找先行词,确定关系代词的范围; 2. 划出定语从句,看从句缺少什么成分,缺啥补啥; 3. 检查是否为特殊情况。 1. Please talk about the things and people you saw in France . A . who B . that C . what D . which 解析:答案 B 。定语从句所修饰的名词既有人又有物时用 that 。 who 只能修饰人; which 只能修饰物; what 不是定语从句的引导词。 2. Have you found the information about the famous people you can use for the report ? A . who B . whom C . what D . which 解析:答案 D 。本句的中心词是 information ,是物,用 which 。 3. Peter couldn ' t come to the party , disappointed us . A . that B . who C . what D . which 解析:答案 D 。本题考查非限制性定语从句。句意:彼得没能来参加聚会,这让我们很失望。根据题空前的逗号以及句意可知,空格处需要填一个关系代词引导非限制性定语从句。当非限制性定语从句中的先行词是物或整个句子时,关系代词用 which 。故选 D 。 4. He is the person I can turn when I need help . A . whom B . to whom C . who D . on whom 解析:答案 B 。本题考查定语从句。句意:他是我需要帮助时可以求助的人。分析句子可知,题空处需要填一个关系代词引导后面的定语从句。先行词是 the person ,且关系代词在从句中作宾语,所以用 whom ; turn 为不及物动词,所以关系代词应用"介词+ whom "的形式。 turn to sb .为固定搭配,意为"向某人求助",所以应为" to whom "。故选 B 。 5. The girl is behind the tree is Kate . A . whom B . that C . which D ./ 解析:答案选 B 。 whom 是宾格(作宾语); which 不能修饰人,句中的引导词作主语不能省略; that 既可以修饰人,也可以修饰物,故填 that 。 6. The girl under the tree I spoke to was my classmate . A . whose B . where C . that D . which 7. The girl I saw just now told me to come back tomorrow . A . which B . whose C . whom D . where 8. I am reading the book won the Nobel Prize . A . who B . what C . that D . whose 9.All we can do is to study hard . A . who B . that C . whom D . this 10.He has a friend father is a doctor . A . which B . who C . what D . whose C C C B D 单击此处编辑母版文本样式 第二级 第三级 第四级 第五级 11.The experts visited our school are from Shanghai . A . which B . whom C . whose D . who 12.The world we live is made up of matter . A . in which B . of which C . at which D . on which 13. The man is painting the house is my uncle . A . which B . whom C . whose D . who 14. This is the bag my mother bought yesterday . A . this B . who C . whom D . that 中考英语专项复习 形容词和副词 D C D D 04 课堂小结·查漏补缺 49 只能用that的特殊情况 1. 先行词既有人又有物; 2. 先行词是不定代词(anything, something, everything, anyone, all等)或被不定代词修饰; 3. 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时; 4. 先行词被序数词修饰时; 5. 先行词被特指的词修饰时(the only, the same等) Thank You 52 $$

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第15讲 定语从句(考点精讲)-【中职专用】2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(黑龙江专用)
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第15讲 定语从句(考点精讲)-【中职专用】2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(黑龙江专用)
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第15讲 定语从句(考点精讲)-【中职专用】2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(黑龙江专用)
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第15讲 定语从句(考点精讲)-【中职专用】2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(黑龙江专用)
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第15讲 定语从句(考点精讲)-【中职专用】2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(黑龙江专用)
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第15讲 定语从句(考点精讲)-【中职专用】2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(黑龙江专用)
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