第14讲 名词性从句（考点精讲）-【中职专用】2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（黑龙江专用）

专题14 名词性从句 中职高考英语一轮复习 1 考纲要求·考情分析 01 考点突破·考法探究 03 目 录 04 课堂小结·查漏补缺 02 知识清单·网络构建 2 01 考纲要求·考情分析 3 根据考纲要求，考生需要掌握宾语从句、主语从句和表语从句。 考纲要求 英语中，宾语从句、主语从句和表语从句又称为名词性从句。 宾语从句为重点考查项目，而表语从句和主语从句是较高要求考查的内容。 在宾语从句中考查的主要内容是：宾语从句连词的选择、宾语从句的时态运用以及宾语从句的语序等。 考情分析 1. （2023春）Can you tell me the train station ? A . how can I get to B . how I can get to C . where can I get to D . where I can get to 答案：B 解析：句意：你能告诉我如何到达火车站吗？AC语序不对，D连接词不对，因为从句中已有地点，无需再用地点副词where连接，B如何到 因此答案选择 B 。 2.（2021春考） Excuse me, sir, could you tell me ？ A. where the nearest bank is B. where is the nearest bank C. where the nearest bank was D. the nearest bank is where 答案：C 解析：句意:打扰了,先生.你能告诉我最近的银行在哪儿吗 英语宾语从句中一般用陈述语序,故选C. 考点：宾语从句 宾语从句中一般为陈述语序，需注意当疑问词做从句主语时，则貌似倒装句，需注意区分。关于引导词的区分需结合引导词的基本含义及其在句子中所承担的句子成分进行具体分析。 02 考点突破·考法探究 8 1. 宾语从句的时态，语序，连接词。 2.主语从句用it做形式主语的情况。 3.表语从句的句型。 4.也要注意一下同位语从句。 备考策略 注意常考内容： 03 知识清单·网络构建 10 1. ______ he did is right. A. where B. which C. that D. what 答案：A 试题分析：句意：他所说的是真的。这句话的主语是_______ he said 后面是谓语：系表结构is true. 主语从句中缺少主语用what连接主语从句。所以选A。 考点：考查主语从句的连接词 2. This is ______ she was born. A. where B. which C. that D. what 答案：C 试题分析：当先行词是表示地点的名词，引导定语从句的关联词在从句中作状语，应用关系副词where． 3. You must do ______ the teacher asks you to do. A. which B. what C. that D. where 答案：B 解析：must do sth. well. 一定要将某件事情做好。这里的sth. 不是一个名词，而是一个相当于名词的句子，由what引起的名词性从句。由于从句较长，本身又以do结尾，为避免误解，将状语well提前紧跟谓语do。 4. I don’t know the fact _______ she is a teacher. A. which B. that C. whether D. if 答案：B 解析：同位语从句，我不知道她是老师这个情况。 the fact that she is a teacher. the fact和that she is a teacher.表达的是同一个意思，并不是被修饰的关系。 主+谓 主+谓+宾 主+系+表 主+谓+间宾+直宾 主+谓+宾+宾补 五种基 本结构 句子类型 简单句 并列句 复合句 句子 成分 主谓宾表定状补同 平行并列连词： 转折并列连词： 因果并列连词： 选择并列连词： and, both…and, not only… but also, neither…nor but, while so, for or, either…or 主从/ 表从/ 宾从/ 同位从 三大 从句 定从 状从 名词性从句: 一、名词性从句概述 定义：名词性从句在主句中的成分相当于名词，在句子中的功能相当于名词词组，能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。 分类：根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 类别 词义 在从句中的作用 从属连词that 无任何词义 仅起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何句子成分 从属连词 whether和if 意为“是否”，表明从句意义的不确定性 起连接作用，在从句中补充当任何句子成分 关系代词 who, whom, what, which, whose, whomever, whatever, whichever 有各自自身的意义 起连接作用，并在从句中充当主，表， 宾，定语等 关系副词 when, where, why, how, however, wherever, whenever 有各自自身的意义 起连接作用，并在从句中充当状语 2. 名词性从句的连接词 (1) that 本身无意义， 引导单一的宾语从句时that常可省略， 但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时that通常不能省略。 (2)介词后的连词。 (3)引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。 That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won. (4)在从句中做成分的连词. 3. 连接词使用 4.名词性从句在功能上相当于名词 His job is important. What he does is important. 主语 This is his job. This is what he does every day. { { 表语 I don’t like his job. I don’t like what he does every day. { 宾语 I don’t know about the man, Mr. White. I don’t know about the fact that he is a teacher. { 同位语 5.名词性从句的引导词区别: 宾语从句 的引导词： 表语从句 的引导词： 主语从句 的引导词： 同位语从句 的引导词： that, whether/if ；who(ever), whose, what(ever), which(ever)；when(ever), where(ever), how(ever), why that, whether； who(ever), whose, what(ever), which(ever)； when(ever), where(ever), how(ever), why, as, as if/though, because that, whether； who(ever), whose, whom(ever), what(ever), which(ever)；when(ever), where(ever), how(ever), why that, whether； who, whose, what(ever), which(ever)； when(ever)，where(ever), how(ever), why 二、主语从句 在复合句中充当主语成分的句子 Subject Clause 1. 主语从句通常由下列词来引导： (1) 从属连词that、whether, if (是否) ① That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all. 他在这么短的时间内写完了这篇作文，我们都很惊讶。 ② Whether she will come or not is still a question. 她是否会来还是个问题。③Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. 明天我们是否在露天举行聚会取决于天气。 ④That you will come to London is the best news I have heard this long time. 你要来伦敦是我这么久以来听到的最好的消息。 ① What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他想告诉我们什么还不清楚。 ② Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁将赢得这场比赛仍然是未知数。 ③ Which car do you like doesn't matter to me. 你喜欢哪辆车对我来说并不重要。 ④ Whatever she did was right. 无论她做什么都是对的。 ⑤ Whoever breaks the rules will be punished. 不守规矩的（人），必受罚。 ⑥ Whom he will work with is still a secret. 他与谁一同工作，仍是秘密 2）连接代词what(什么)、who(谁)、which(哪个）、whatever(无论什么)、whoever(无论谁)、whom 、whichever(无论哪个), whose等； 3) 连接副词how(怎样)、when(什么时候)、where(哪里)、why(为什么)等。 ① Where her birthday party will be held has not yet been announced. 她的生日聚会将在哪里举行尚未公布。 ② How I solve this problem depends on your attitude.如何解决这个问题取决于你的态度。 ③Why dinosaurs died out remains a puzzle. 为什么恐龙灭绝仍然是一个谜。 ④When they will go to America has not been decided yet. 他们什么时候去美国还没有决定。 2. it 形式主语 为避免句子头重脚轻，常用 “it” 代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首， 而把真正的主语从句置于句末。 It is clear that he is an honest man. 很明显，他是一个诚实的人。 It shocks me that he failed in this exam. 他这次考试不及格使我感到震惊。 单击此处编辑母版文本样式 第二级 第三级 第四级 第五级 （1）It be + 名词 + that从句 It‘s a pity / a shame/ an honor/ a fact/ a surprise/ a question/ good news/ no wonder/ common knowledge... that … ① It's a great pity (that they didn't get married). 真是太遗憾了(他们没有结婚)。 ② It 's a good thing (that you were insured). 这是件好事(你买了保险)。 ③ It is a surprise (that he can eat three eggs in a minute).这是一个惊喜(他能在一分钟内吃掉三个鸡蛋)。 ④ It is a miracle (that the cat survived from the accident).这是一个奇迹(猫从事故中幸存下来)。 ⑤ It is a shame for him (that he can't enter the final). 这是他的耻辱(他不能进入决赛)。 他不能进入决赛是他的耻辱。 （2）It + be + 形容词 + that- 从句 It’s impossible/ possible/ probable/ important/ necessary/ fortunate/ certain/ clear/ obvious / likely/ natural/ strange/ true / surprising/funny... that … ① It's splendid (that you passed your exam). 太棒了(你通过了考试)！ ② It's strange (that there are no lights on). 奇怪(没有灯亮)。 ③ It is true (that he won the match). 是真的(他赢了比赛)。 ④ It was surprising (that she passed the difficult exam). 令人惊讶(她通过了困难的考试)。 (3)It + be + 过去分词 + that- 从句 It’s said/ reported/ believed/ thought/ announced/ decided/ known to all / must be pointed out/ must be admitted...that… It is reported that the number of wild animals in Africa is decreasing. 据报道，非洲野生动物的数量正在减少。 It’s decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday. （大家）决定把会议推迟到下星期一。 It’s known to us how he became a writer. 我们知道他是如何成为作家的。 (4) It+ 不及物动词(短语）(seem/ happen/ appear/ look/ occur/ turn out)+that从句…… ① It seems that you object the plan. 看来你反对这个计划。 ② It happened that I had been out when he called. 他打电话时我碰巧出去了。 ③ It has just occured to me that there is still another possibility to ensure a prompt delivery of the goods. 我刚才想到，还有另一种可能性确保迅速交货。 ④ It turned out that this method doesn't work well. 结果表明，这种方法不能很好地工作。 * 常将 seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。 It doesn't seem that they know where to go. 他们似乎不知道该去哪里。（not否定know而不是seem） * seem的五种用法 ①.sb seems (to be)+adj./n./prep. She seems (to be) quite happy. You don’t seem to be quite yourself today. ②.sb seems to do She seems to know the secret. I seem to have seen him somewhere before. ③.it seems that … It seems that she is quite happy. It seems to be years since I last saw you. ④.sb/sth seems as if …. It seems as if it is going to rain. He seems as if he has known the news. ⑤.there seem(s) to be … There seems to be a small pine on the top of the hill. There seems to be no need to go now. （拓展，选用） * it 为形式主语，that引导真正主语从句中的虚拟语气 (1) 在形容词为: natural/important/ necessary/strange/ essential/ dispensable / vital/ imperative等时, that 引导的从句中的谓语动词形式常用 （should) +动词原形表示。 It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time. 我们有必要提前把一切准备好。 It is vital that every student (should) be able to understand the rule of school. 每个学生都能理解学校的规章制度是至关重要的。 It is important that everyone (should) be present at the meeting on time. 每个人准时出席会议是很重要的。 （拓展，选用） (2) 如果过去分词或名词是suggested/ ordered/ required/ advised/ requested/ insisted/demanded/ requirement/ suggestion / order /proposal 等表示建议、要求、命令等词时，that引导的从句应该用虚拟语气，其谓语动词的结构为：（should）+动词原形。 It's suggested that students (should) make their bed by themselves. 有人建议学生自己整理床铺。 It’s required that students (should) have a physical examination before entering the school. 学生进入学校前必须进行体格检查。 It is my proposal that he (should) be sent to study further abroad. 我建议把他送到国外深造。 3.主语从句的主谓一致 (1) 单个的主语从句作主语 ,谓语动词用单数; 如果两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语 ,谓语动词用复数。 When he was born hasn’t been found. 他出生的时候还没有找到。 How and why he came to the lonely small island is still a mystery. 他如何以及为什么来到这个孤独的小岛仍然是一个谜。 When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown. 这个人是什么时候被谋杀的，为什么会被谋杀，仍然不得而知。 When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet. 他们什么时候出发，去哪里还没有决定。 (2) what 引导的主语从句 ,谓语动词单复数可由表语来决定。 What we need are women workers. 我们需要的是女工， What we need is more time and money. 我们需要的是更多的时间和金钱。 3.主语从句的主谓一致 练习助记 所有从句的语序都是陈述语序， 1.—It seems ______ you like to work with children. —Yes, they are so lovely. A．that              B．what                 C．why 2．________ is known to us all is that the Chinese government hasspared no efforts to save people from dying of the outbreak of disease. A．Which          B．It                C．That              D．What 3．__________ comes in must keep quiet. A．Whatever       B．Whenever      C．However       D．Whoever A B D 三、宾语从句 复合从句中充当宾语成分的句子 Object Clause 定义与分类 1. 宾语从句的定义 在复合句中，置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。 宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。 简单句 I know him 复合句 I know who he is ↑ ↑ ↑ ↓ 主语 谓语 宾语 ↓ 主句 宾语从句 2.宾语从句的分类 (1)主句的谓语动词之后可以跟宾语从句，常用的动词如下： say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, see, believe, expect, explain, order, feel, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, report等 I must say that you have good taste. 不得不说你品味不错。 I don’t understand what he wants to express. 我不明白他想表达什么。 I have heard that he has been married before. 我听说他以前结过婚。 I'll ask if it's all right to park here. 我会问问这里停车可不可以。 作者 (A) - (2)有些形容词后也可以带有宾语从句, 比如：afraid， sure, anxious，aware，certain，confident，glad， proud，sorry等 I’m afraid that you can’t find him in that park. 恐怕你在那个公园里找不到他。 We are not sure whether/if we can persuade him out of smoking. 我们不确定是否能说服他戒烟。I felt absolutely certain that I'd seen her before. 我非常肯定我以前见过她。 We are pleased that the problems have been resolved. 我们很高兴问题已经解决了。 *当be sure引导主句是肯定句时，后面的名词性从句的连接词常用that; 当be sure引导的主句是否定句时，后面的名词性从句的连接词常用whether或if. 3.宾语从句引导词（连接词） 1.陈述句 2.一般疑问句 3.特殊疑问句 原有的连接代词 和连接副词 if /whether （“是否”，不做成分，但不能省略） that （不做成分，口语中可省略） (添加正确的连接词） 1. He said ____ they would win . A. that B. which C. when 2. I’m not sure ____ it’s a good idea . what B. how C. if 3. We didn’t know ___they were waiting for. whom B. when C. whether 4. Can you tell me ____he will come or not? if B. whether C. that 5. I wonder ____ book this is. who B. whose C. why A C A B B 1 2 3 宾语从句时态 此处有 秘诀 主现从不限 主过从必过 真理永一现 41 4.宾语从句中时态的变化 I hear (that) Jim ( be ) a worker two years ago. Jim ( be ) an English teacher. Jim ( cook ) dinner tomorrow . Jim ( sing )a popular song now. Jim ( be ) to the Great Wall twice . Jim ( play ) basketball when his father came back. Jim ( learn )1000 Chinese words by the end of last semester. was is will cook is singing has been was playing had learned 1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。（主现从不限） 2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态。（主过从必过） 1) He is sick. 2) He is reading a book . 3) He has finished his work. 1) he________ sick. 2) he___________ a book . 3) he____________ He said 辨一辨 was was reading his work. had finished 3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。（从真理用一现） He told me (that) Summer is after Spring . I was told (that) the sun is much bigger than the moon. My parents told me (that) no news is good news. 比一比 5.宾语从句的否定转移： 如果主句的谓语动词是 think, believe, guess , suppose 等，而且主句的主语又是第一人称时，它后面接的宾语从句的否定词通常要前移到主句中，即否定主句中的动词，而从句用肯定形式。 即： 主语为第一人称时，否定在主句，翻译在从句。 Translate the following sentences. 1. 我认为不会下雨。 I ____________ that it ____________. 2. 我认为你的答案不对。 I _____________your answer ＿＿ right. ３. 我们相信他还没走。 We _____________ that he ____________. don’t think will rain don’t think is don’t believe has gone 否定转移 宾语从句三要素 引导词 that（陈述句 ） if／whether（一般疑问句 ） 特殊疑问词（特殊疑问句) 时态 主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态 主句为一般过去时 从句 一般过去时 过去将来时 过去进行时 过去完成时 语序 宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序 客观真理 自然现象 公式定理 名言警句 时态不变 Summary 3. it 做形式宾语，将真正宾语从句后置的情况 特别补充： (1). 动词 find, feel, think, consider, make, believe 等后面有宾语补足语的时候，则需要用 it 做形式宾语而将 that 引导的宾语从句后置 . “主语+动词+it+宾语补足语+that从句... ” I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day . He felt it difficult that Alice finish so much work in one day. Machines make it possible that people do more work with less energy. (2). 有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语从句前加 it, 这类动词主要有 : appreciate, enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, take, have, put 等. “主语+动词+it+宾语从句...” I don’t like it that he is that lazy. I appreciate it if you help me with my English. I hate it when people talk with their mouth full of food. She really enjoy it when the patients come to see her after they recover. ( ) 1. It's so dark. I can't find out ______ it's a boy _______ a girl. A. if, and B. that, and C. either, or D. whether, or ( ) 2. He told me _______ she would catch the early bus. A. which B. whether C. if D. that ( ) 3. Mrs. Green asked me_______ I would go with her. A. what B. which C. why D. that ( ) 4. We consider it impossible _______ they could know how to operate a computer. A. what B. which C. why D. that ( ) 5. I don't know _______ the coat _______ cheap enough. A. if, is B. where,were C. that ,was D. if, were D A C D D 四、表语从句 在复合句中，位于系动词之后作表语的从句叫表语从句。 Predicative Clause 1表语：说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份，说明主语是什么或者怎么样。表语是对主语的解释和说明，是主语具体化，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当，和连系动词一起构成谓语。 2 表语从句：在复合句中作表语的从句, 就叫做表语从句。 表语从句一般放在系动词之后,结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。 This is a garden where he stayed This is ↑ ↓ ↑ ↑ 主语 表语 系动词 表语从句 简单句 复合句 主语+连系动词+句子作表语（表语从句） 3 引导表语从句关联词： 1）可接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，seem，sound，appear等。 例句： At that time，it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word. 当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。 (2).that 引导表语从句，无词义，只起连接作用，不可省。 (3).主语可为名词fact, truth, question, trouble, belief等，代词this, that, these, it等。 The trouble is that I have lost his address. 问题是我弄丢了他的地址。 The question is whether we will go for an outing tomorrow. 问题是我们明天是否去郊游。 This is how they overcome the difficulties. 他们就是这样克服困难的。 It is just because he doesn't know her.  只是因为他不认识她。 It appears that there has been a mistake. 看来出了点差错。 2）表语从句的连接词 1）从属连词that 、 whether。that 在表语从句中不充当任何成分，本身无实际意义，但不能省略 The problem is that people sometimes harm the environment . 问题是人们有时会对环境造成危害。 注意： whether引导表语从句表示“是否”,但不充当句子的成分。 The question is whether we can finish our work by tomorrow evening. if 与whether均意为“是否”，但引导表语从句时，只能用whether, 不能用if。 2）连接代词 who 、 what 、which 、whose等引导表语从句， 在句子中充当成分，不能省略，不用疑问语序，用陈述语序 That ' s what we should work for and help reduce pollution . 这就是我们为之而努力的，我们应该帮助（自然）减少污染。 连接代词 在表语从句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语。 　　Tom is no longer what he used to be. (what做表语) 　　The problem is who is fit for this job. (who做主语) 　　This is what I want to tell you. (what做宾语) 　　The problem is whose work is the best. (whose做定语) 3）连接副词 when 、 where 、 how 、 why 等在表语从句中充当状语等成分， 既有疑问含义又起连接作用 The most important thing is how we can have more people join us . 最重要的是如何让更多的人加入我们。 　注意：连接副词　when/where/how/why，在表语从句中做状语。 　　The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。 　　The question is where we can live.问题是我们能住在哪儿。 4.表语从句的特殊引导词 because, why, as if/though 及 句型 the reason why/ for… is that… It is because I love you too much. 因为我太爱你了。 That is why I failed the exam. 这就是我考试不及格的原因。 It looks as if it is going to rain. 看来要下雨了。 The reason why he was dismissed is that he didn’t work hard. 他被解雇的原因是他工作不努力。 She seems as if she had done a great thing. 她似乎做了一件大事。 比较：他今天没有来学校是因为他生病了 The reason why he didn’t come to shcool is that he was ill.（定语从句） 特例强调（不做要求） (1)reason做主语或主语中包含事件的起因时,后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that来引导,而不用because; why引导主语从句做主语时，表语从句用that引导，不用because。 　　The reason is that he got up late. 　　Why he is late is that he got up late. 　　 　　 (2)that is why/because ①That is why ...是常用句型,其中why引导的从句在句中作表语,该句型通常用于针对前面已经说过的原因进行总结。 That is the reason why ...与That is why ...是同义的，“这就是……的原因/因此……”，但是从语法结构上讲That is the reason why ...中的why引导的是一个定语从句。 That is why she failed to pass the exam. 　　那就是她考试不及格的原因。(why 在表语从句中充当原因状语) 　　That is the reason why she failed to pass the exam. 　　那就是她考试不及格的原因。(why 在定语从句中充当原因状语) ②That is because...句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语，这也是个常用句型，意为“这就是因为……”。 　　That is because I got up late. 这是因为我起床迟了。 ③“That is because...”与“That is why...”之间的不同在于 “That is because...”指原因或理由， “That is why...”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果。 I was angry. That was because he didn’t understand me. 我生气是因为他不理解我。(表语从句强调原因) That’s why he got fired from that firm. 那正是他被公司解雇的原因。(表语从句强调结果) (3)The reason (why.../for...)is /was that... “...的原因是...” 　　The reason for his absence is that he got up late. 　　The reason why he is absent is that he got up late. 　　他缺席的原因是他起床迟了。 1. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ____ I disagree. A. why B. where C. when D. how 2. — I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. — Is that ____ you had a few days off? A. why B. when C. what D. where 3. ____ she couldnn’t understand was ____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that 4._____made the school proud was ____ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. A. What; because B. What; that C. That; what D. That; because 练一练 B A A B 4.You have spent too much time playing computer games. That’s _______your eyes hurt. A．why B．how C．what D．when 5.Life is like a story. What matters is not how long it is but______. A．how good it is          B．how good is it           C．what good it is 6.正如俗语所说：“衣如其人。” As the ____________ goes, “You are____________ you wear.” A A saying what 五、同位语从句 同位语从句指在复合句中充当同位语的从句 appositive clause 单击此处编辑母版文本样式 第二级 第三级 第四级 第五级 01. 同位语从句的定义 一个名词（或其它形式）对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词（或其它形式）就是同位语。 同位语与被它限定的词的格式要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。 同位语从句即重复说明同一个称谓或事件的从句。 1.名词作同位语Mr Wang, my child’s teacher,will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。（在这里'my child's teacher'做同位语修饰'Mr Wang')2.短语作同位语I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我，作为家里最大的女孩，总是要照料家中的其他孩子。 了解同位语(位置相同，主语和宾语可以有同位语) 3.直接引语作同位语But now the question comes to their minds，“Did she die young because she was a clone?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？”4.句子作同位语We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到我们队获胜的消息。 news=that our team had won. They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们担心你病了。 the fact =that you were sick. 02.固定用法同位语部分是个句子，就是同位语从句，这种用法比较"固定"。1、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。I heard the news that our team had won．我听到了我们队获胜的消息。2、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility,decision等（一般的“抽象”名词都可用）。I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon．我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。 3、英语中引导同位语从句的词通常有连词that，whether，连接代词what，who。连接副词how,when,where等。（注：if不能引导同位语从句。）He must answer the question whether he agrees with it or not.他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。4、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city．他突然想起敌人可能已经逃出城了。 03.引导词同位语从句的引导词，引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that，whether，连接代词和连接副词等。1.that引导that连接从句时从句为一个句意完整的陈述句。that不能省略，没有具体的意思，不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。（注：引导同位语从句的that不能省略）The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。（作idea的同位语） 【注意1】在某些名词（如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等）后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.有一项建议是布朗应该离队。【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。He grabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane.他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。 2.whether引导（注：if不能引导同位语从句）The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。【注意】whether 可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。 3.连接代词what,who,whom,whose引导1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。（what作定语）2).The question who will take his place is still not clear. （who作主语） 谁将接替他的位置的问题仍然不清楚。4.接副词when,where,how,why引导We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。 04. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 1. 从词类上区别 同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea，fact，news，hope，belief，suggestion，proposal，word，thought，doubt，truth，possibility，promise，order等有必须内涵的名词；而定语从句的先行词能够是名词，代词，主句的一部分或是整个主句。 Word came that he had been abroad. Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room. The idea that one can do the work without thinking is wrong. His mother did all she could to help him with his study. 同位语从句 定语从句 同位语从句 定语从句 定语从句 2. 从性质上区别 同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释，属于名词性从句的范畴; 而定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴。 The news that our team has won the game was true. The news that he told me yesterday was true. I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. 同位语从句 同位语从句 定语从句 定语从句 3. 从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别 (1)有些引导词如how， whether， what能够引导同位语从句，但不能引导定语从句。 (2)引导词that引导定语从句时，在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还能够用which代替)，并且作宾语时常常省略; 但是，that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当任何成分，并且不能省略，也不能用which来代替。 The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. The order that we received yesterday was (that we should send a few people to help the other groups.) 1. Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as 2. It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the information ____ has been put forward. A. while B. that C. when D. whether 3.She heard a terrible noise，____ brought her heart into her mouth。 A.when B.which C.what D.that 4.I can't stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly。 A.when B.which C.what D.that ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) B B D B 04 课堂小结·查漏补缺 80 1 名词性从句，包括四种从句，即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。因为主语、宾语、表语、同位语这四种成分均可以由名词构成，所以这四种从句在主句中都充当了名词的作用，故将这四种从句统称为名词性从句。如： 1.That she will help me made us happy.（主语从句） 2.I can understand what he said.（宾语从句） 3.This is where I was born.（表语从句） 4.The fact that a heavy earthquake happened made me crazy.（同位语从句） 名词性从句知识点汇总 81 2 名词性从句的连接词分类 1.that（无含义，不充当成分） 2.whether,if（有“是否”的含义，但不充当成分） 3.连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever.（在从句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语）连接副词：when, whenever, where, wherever, how, however, why （在从句中做状语） 4. as if,as though,because（不充当成分，在名词性从句中只引导表语从句） 3 连接词that在名词性从句中可以省略的三种情况 1.it 做形式主语，that引导主语从句时 It is said (that) he has been studying abroad.据说他一直在国外学习。 2.动词宾语从句中 I think(that) you have much to improve in English.我认为你的英语需要提高的有很多。 3.形容词宾语从句中 I am afraid (that) I will be late.恐怕我要迟到了。 4 同位语从句和定语从句的区别 that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。 比较下面两个例句： (1)I had no idea that you were here.我不知道你在这里。 that无含义，that you were here 指的就是idea，所以是同位语从句，不能省略that (2)Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you？这本书给了你想法吗？ that指的是the idea，that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略 一、引导词 1.若原句是一个陈述句，则变名词性从句后的引导词为that。 2.若原句是一个一般疑问句，名词性从句后的引导词为if/ whether。值得考生注意的是，有些情况不能用if，只能用whether。比如说主语从句置于句首，介词后的宾语从句，宾语从句中有or not等。 3.若原句是一个特殊疑问句，则名词性从句后的引导词为wh-特殊疑问词。 二、时态 若主句是一般现在时，则名词性从句本身的时态不变； 若主句是一般过去时，则名词性从句的时态变为相应的过去时态。 三、陈述句语序 名词性从句，必须使用陈述句语序。 名词性从句规律总结 85 一：考查that与what的区别 在引导名词性从句时，从属连词that一般要注意三个"不"： 1.不省略。当从属连词that引导的主语从句位于句首时，that不省略；that引导同位语从句时，一般不省略。 2.不作成分。that 在名词性从句中不作任何句子成分。 3.无实义。that 在名词性从句中没有实义。 在引导名词性从句时， what一般要注意一个"不",一个"有词义",一个"作成分"： 1.不省略。what 引导名词性从句时，不省略。 2.有词义。what 引导名词性从句时，有词义。一般表示"……的东西/事情等"，这一用法与that 的用法不一样。 3.作成分。what 在引导名词性从句时，在从句中充当成分。这一用法与that 的用法不一样。 高频考点总结 高频考点二：it放在句首，真正的主语是that从句 常用句型如下： ①It+系动词+n.+ that从句; ②It+系动词+adj.+ that从句; ③It+be+动词的过去分词形式(如said, reported, suggested等)+that从句； ④It+特殊动词(appear, seem, happen, matter, turn out, work out等)+that从句。 高频考点三：考查whether与if的区别 whether与if在作"是否"讲时,是可以互换的。但在有些情况下不能互换： 1.whether可以与or not 连用,构成whether…or not或者whether or not，但if没有这种用法。 例如：Whether they do it or not matters little to us.他们干还是不干，与我们关系不大。 2.如果宾语从句是否定结构，则用if，而不用whether。 例如：I do not care if he doesnt show up.他露面不露面我都不在乎。 3.介词后的宾语从句只能用whether引导。 例如：The teacher worried about whether he had hurt the girl is feelings. 老师担心他是否伤害了女孩的感情。 4.引导表语从句和同位语从句时都用whether。 例如：The question is whether they can cooperate with us.问题是他们是否会与我们合作。 5.少数动词如discuss, doubt, leave, put后的宾语从句常用whether引导。 例如：They discussed whether they should close the shop.他们讨论了是否应该关掉商店。 6.whether后面可以接不定式短语，而if不能。 例如：We were wondering whether to go today or tomorrow.我们想知道今天走还是明天走。 7.为避免产生歧义，不用if，而用whether引导宾语从句。 例如：You should tell your mother whether you want to go with her for a holiday.你应该告诉你母亲你是否想和她一起度假。（若用if，则可能被理解为是条件状语从句：如果你想和你母亲一起度假，你就应当告诉她。） 高频考点四：考查名词性从句中的虚拟语气 1.在主语从句中, 下面的几种情况谓语动词通常用"should +动词原形",should可以省略。 ①"It is/was+形容词+that … "句型。常见的形容词有important, necessary, natural, strange, surprising等。 ②"It is/was+名词+that …"句型。常见的名词有pity, shame, advice, suggestion, proposal,requirement, request, desire, order等。 ③"It is/was+动词的过去分词+that…"句型。常见的动词有advise, order, propose, request, suggest, demand, require等。 2.在下列动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用"should+动词原形",should可以省略。 这类动词有:（一个坚持两个命令三个要求四个建议） insist(坚持), order(命令),command(命令), request(请求,要求), demand(要求),require(要求,需要), suggest(建议),advise(建议),propose(建议), recommend(建议, 推荐) 等。 3.在含有advice, order, demand, proposal, requirement, suggestion等名词的表语从句和同位语从句中,谓语动词用"should+动词原形",should可以省略。 4.在wish后的宾语从句中: ①表示将来的愿望实现的可能性非常小时,宾语从句的谓语动词用情态动词should/could/would/might+动词原形。 例如:We wish the friendship between the two countries would last forever. 　　我们希望两国之间的友谊永远长存。 ②表示与现在事实相反的愿望时,宾语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词用were)。 例如:He always wishes he were a millionaire and owned a big house and a sports car. 他总是希望自己是个百万富翁，拥有一所大房子和一辆跑车。 ③表示与过去事实相反的愿望时,宾语从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。 例如:How he wished he hadn’t wasted too much time on playing computer games while at school. 他多么希望自己在学校没有在玩电脑游戏上浪费太多时间。 5.在would rather后的宾语从句中,从句谓语常用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反的愿望,用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。 Thank You 94 $$