Unit 5 Languages Around the World Words and Expressions讲义 2024-2025学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

学科网（北京）股份有限公司 必修一 Unit 5 Words and Expressions refer to 指的是；提及；谈及；查阅；参考 (referred/referring) 派生：reference n．提及；参考书；参考；查阅 写出下列refer to 的含义： ①What does the underlined word refer to in the 3rd para? 指的是 ②I promised not to refer to the matter again.提及 ③While giving the English speech, one is not allowed to refer to the notes.参考查阅 ④As far as I know, she always refers to Ben as “that nice man”. 把…称作… 搭配： refer to...as...　把……称作/当作…… refer ...to 把......提交给；把......委托给...... in/ with reference to 关于 不一样的“查字典”： look up the word in the dictionary refer to the dictionary consult the dictionary base vt. 以…为据点；以…为基础 n. 底部；根据 派生： based adj. 以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的 basis n. 基础；基本原则；根据；基点 basic adj. 基本的；基础的；初级的；根本的 搭配： base...on...以……为基础be based on/upon以……为基础/依据 at the base of... 在……底部 on the basis of ... 根据……；在……的基础上 on a regular basis 基于…… ①________(base) an important decision on emotion, you’ll suffer it. ②________ (base)on a true story, the film is very popular. date back to 追溯到（=date from=go back to）(无被动/进行) 作谓语：用一般现在时 作非谓语：用doing形式 The classic architecture dates back to the 12th century. The history of their family dates back hundreds of years and the house where they live dates back to the 18th century. Cambridge dating back to the 13th century is the university in Britain which many students dream about. 归纳拓展： (1)date back to =date from追溯到 (2)out of date过时；陈旧 (3)to date到目前为止 (4)up to date最新的；最近的 means n. 方式；方法；途径 (单复数同形) 派生： mean v.意思是 meaning n.意思 meaningful adj. 有意义的 归纳拓展： a means of communication/ transportation 一种通讯工具/交通工具 a means of 一种…的手段 by this means 通过这种方式 by means of 依靠……方法，借助……手段 by no means 一点儿也不，决不（置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装） = at no time/ in no case/ in no way/ on no account by all means 可以，当然行，没问题 “用某一方法”： by this means，by means of (doing) sth approach to (doing) sth in this way，the way to do/ of doing with this method， the method of/for sth regard n. & vt. 尊重；关注；［常 pl.］ 问候；致意vt. 把……视为；看待 搭配： with/in regard to 关于；有关 regard... as 把……看作；认为……是 regarding prep. 关于；有关 appreciate vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会vi. 增值 派生：appreciation n. 欣赏；感激 appreciative adj. 感激的 搭配：appreciate（one’s）doing sth. 感激(某人)做某事 I would appreciate it if... 如果……我将不胜感激。 show appreciation to 向……表示感激 in appreciation of/for... 感谢…… be appreciative of ... 对...很感激，感谢= be grateful to sb/ for sth appreciate +事：I appreciate your help. thank+人：Thank you for your help. appreciate, hate, dislike, love, like, depend/ rely on等词后接宾语从句时，一般先加it，再接宾从。 eg: I hate it when people talk with their mouths full. They believe that houses will appreciate in value. 他们相信房子会升值。 beg vt.祈求；恳求；哀求 派生：beggar n.乞讨者 beg sb for sth 恳求 beg to do 恳求某人做某事 equal n. 同等的人; 相等物adj. 同样的vt. 比得上；敌得过 派生：equality n.相等;平等 equally adv.平等地;同样地 unequal adj.不平等的 搭配： be equal in 在……方面相等 be equal to 与……相等；能胜任/ 应付 A equals B in sth. A 在某方面比得上B demand n. 要求；需求 vt. 强烈要求；需要vi. 查问 派生：demanding adj. 要求高的 搭配： be in(great) demand 需求量大 on demand 一经要求 satisfy/meet one’s demands 满足某人的要求 demand to do sth. 要求做某事 demand of sb to do sth.要求某人做某事 demand that + 主语（+should）+ 动词原形 要求…… (有类似用法的词还有 require，request，suggest（建议），advise 等。) It was an unusually hot summer and air-conditioners were in great demand. She was unwilling to meet his demands. He demanded to be told everything. =He demanded that he （should） be told everything. We demanded that he（should）chat with us at least once a week. global adj. 全球的；全世界的；全面的 派生：globe n.地球；世界；地球仪 globally adv.全球地；全局地 Global Positioning System全球定位系统(GPS) global warming 全球气候变暖 all around the globe 世界各地 description n. 描写（文字）；形容 派生：describe v.描述，把...称为 descriptive adj.描写的，叙述的 describe sb/sth (as sth) 描述；形容；把…称为be described as 被认为 beyond description 无法形容；难以描述 give a detailed/general/brief description of 对……作详尽的/概括性的/简短的描述 relate vt. 联系；讲述；与…有关 派生：related adj.有关的 relation n.关系 relationship n.关系;联系 relative adj.比较的;相对的　n.亲戚 搭配： relate to 涉及；与……相关；谈到 relate...to... 把……和……联系起来 be related to 与……有关/ 有联系 relate sth. to sb. 向某人讲述某事 in relation to 关于 variety n.（植物、语言等的）变体；异体；多样化；种类 派生： vary v. 改变，变化 various adj. 各种各样的 搭配： the variety of ... …的种类 a（wide）variety of 各种各样的 (=varieties of) + 可名复+动复 vary in 在……方面不同 vary with 随……变化 vary from... to... 从……到……的变化 ①A variety of books ____ (be) sold in this bookstore. ②The variety of wheat ____ (be) increasing. major adj.主要的;重要的; n.主修课程;主修学生 vi.主修;专门研究 派生： 前缀：ma- majority n.大部分;大多数 前缀mi- minor adj.次要的，较少的 minority n.少数 搭配： major in 主修……专业 the/a majority of... =(most of) 大部分 be in the/ a majority 占大多数 despite prep. 即使；尽管（=in spite of） 归纳拓展: despite, in spite of, though和although 都表示“尽管…”，其中despite, in spite of都是介词短语，后面接名词/代词/动名词；而though, although是连词，后面接句子（构成让步状语从句） despite + 名词/代词/动名词（√） despite + what 从句（√） despite the fact + that 从句（√） despite + that 从句（×） (1) even if/though/although 即使；尽管（连词词组，后跟从句） (2) regardless of 不管，不顾（介词短语） (3) despite为介词，+ n./doing(短语) ①We made the journey by land, _______________ flying would have been cheaper. 虽然乘飞机会便宜些，我们还是走了陆路。 ②Her voice was shaking ___________________ all her efforts to control it. ③She was good at physics_______ the fact that she found it boring. 尽管她认为物理枯燥无味，她却学得很好。 Trouble can arise despite forming a good relationship. She was good at physics despite the fact that she found it boring. 尽管下着大雨，他还是出去了 He went out ___________ the heavy rain. __________________________ it’s raining heavily, he went out. 尽管他喊叫，却没有人来帮助他。 Despite his cries, no one came to his aid. Even if he was crying, no one came to his aid 同义句转换 Although she was disabled，she became a brilliant pianist. → She became a brilliant pianist _____________________ her disability. struggle n. 斗争；奋斗；搏斗；挣扎 vi. 斗争；奋斗；搏斗 搭配： struggle for 为（争取）……而斗争/ 奋斗 struggle with/against 与……作斗争 struggle to do sth. 努力做某事 struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来 point of view 观点；看法 归纳拓展: from one’s point of view 依照某人的观点，在某人看来 have/get a good view of 好好欣赏/ 观看 in one’s view 按照某人的观点，在某人看来 come into view 进入视野 表达自己观点的句式： In my view /From my point of view/In my opinion I think / I believe … As for me, Personally, As far as I am concerned/As far as I know 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$