内容正文:
一般将来时
初中英语语法
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什么是一般将来时?
一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。
常用的基本形式有三种:
will/shall结构;be going to 结构;be about to 结构
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第一部分
PART 01
will/shall结构
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1.基本结构:主语+will/shall+动词原形
表示将来发生的事情或是主语将要发生的行为。
It will be sunny tomorrow.
明天将是个好天气。 (表示将来发生的状况)
I will come back soon.
我很快就回来。(表示主语将要发生的行为)
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★一般将来时任何主语都可以用will,但书面语中第一人称常用shall。
I shall study harder at English.
我将更加努力地学习英语。
We shall go to see a film.
我们将去看电影。
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★will和shall都可以缩写成’ll。
I’ll fly to London.
我要坐飞机去伦敦。
They’ll visit the museum tomorrow.
他们明天要参观博物馆。
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2.一般疑问句:将will/shall提到句首
Will you go there?
你要去那儿吗?
“Shall I...?”“Shall we...?”常用来征求对方意见。“Will you...?”表示客气的邀请或请求。
Will you please open the window?
请你把窗打开,好吗?
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3.否定句:在will/shall后加not,可缩写成won’t/shan’t
陈述句:I will go there./I shall go there.
我要去那儿。
否定句:I won’t go there./I shan’t go there.
我不去那儿。
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4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+will/shall+主语+动词原形+其他?
What will he do this evening?
今晚他准备做什么?(针对动词提问)
When will you visit him?
你什么时候去拜访他?(针对时间提问)
Where will they have a running race?
他们准备在哪里赛跑?(针对地点提问)
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第二部分
PART 02
be going to结构
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be going to表示主观的打算或计划,一般指近期或事先考虑过的将要发生的动作以及已有迹象表明必将发生某事,意为“打算,就要”。
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1.基本结构:主语+begoingto+动词原形
I am going to meet him at the school gate.
我打算和他在校门口见面。
Look! It’s going to rain.
瞧!快下雨了。
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2.begoingto结构的不同句式
1)肯定句:主语+be going to+动词原形+其他
I am going to visit my teacher this afternoon.
我今天下午准备去看望我的老师。
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2)否定句:在be动词后加not,即主语+be not going to+动词原形+其他
I am not going to watch the video.
我不准备去看录像。
3)一般疑问句:将be动词提前
Is he going to see a doctor?
他准备去看医生吗?
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4)含有be going to的特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+be going to+动词原形+其他
W hat are you going to do next step?
下一步你准备怎么做?(针对动词提问)
W hen are you going to call him?
你准备什么时候打电话给他?(针对时间提问)
Where are you going to swim?
你准备在哪里游泳?(针对地点提问)
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★will和be going to 在含义和用法上略有不同,be going to更加有计划性、主观性,在时间上也更近一些。
★两种句型的一般疑问句在回答时也不相同:
—Will she come?她会来吗?
—Yes,she will.是的,她会来。/No,she won’t.不,她不来。
—Are you going to have a party this evening?今晚你准备开一个派对吗?
—Yes,I am.是的,我会的。/No,I am not.不,我不准备开。
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★如果提问主语,则语序不发生改变。
Who will sit here?
谁会坐在这里?
Who is going to stay with me?
谁会和我在一起?
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第三部分
PART 03
其他一般将来时的结构
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1.“be+动词不定式”或“be about to+动词原形”的结构
“be+动词不定式”主要表示按计划或约定要做的事。
“be about to+动词原形”表示即将发生的事。
He is to visit China next year.明年他将访问中国。
They’re about to leave.他们就要离开了。
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2.用现在进行时表示将来
表示位置转移的动词(如:go,come,leave,start等),可用现在进行时表示将来。
The bus is coming.
公共汽车要来了。
They’re leaving for Beijing.
他们即将前往北京。
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3.用一般现在时表示将来
1)表示预先安排、计划将要发生的事,主要用于begin,start,leave,come,go等动词
The film starts in three minutes.
电影三分钟后开始。
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2)用在由when,if等引导的时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,表示将来的动作。
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow,we will go hiking.
如果明天不下雨,我们将去远足。
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★一般将来时经常会伴随一些时间状语,比较常见的有:
tomorrow明天 soon很快
next week下周 next month下个月
next year明年 in three minutes三分钟后
in a few days几天后
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★如果动词是am,is,are,在将来时中需还原为be:
It will be better.
会好起来的。
I am going to be a teacher.
我将成为一个老师。
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第四部分
PART 04
练习
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1 . There ________ a sports meet next week if it ________.
A.is going to have; doesn’t rain
B.is going to be; doesn’t rain
C.is going to be; won’t rain
D.is going to have; won’t rain
B
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2 . I hope you _________ this story, Jim.
A.to enjoy
B.will enjoy
C.enjoying
D.enjoys
B
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3 . There’s going to __________ a basketball match next Monday.
A.have
B.be
C.has
D.had
B
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4 . I ________ the car in a few months. How great!
A.am able to drive
B.am driving
C.will be able to drive
D.have been able to drive
C
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5 . There ________ an English music concert in Chongqing next week.
A.is going to have
B.is going to be
C.will have
D.have
B
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6 . ________ people keep cutting down the forest, they ________ nowhere to live.
A.If; will have
B.If; going to have
C.Unless; will have
D.Unless; would have
A
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7 . We will help to give out food at the food bank ________ .
A.yesterday
B.next Sunday
C.the day before yesterday
B
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8 . —What will happen if we change the time?
—Half the class ________. They may have other things to do.
A.won’t come
B.doesn’t come
C.come
D.comes
A
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9 . —Do you know ________?
—Next Sunday, I guess.
A.when had we the party
B.when we had the party
C.when will we have the party
D.when we will have the party
A
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10 . —I plan to go climbing tomorrow, but I don’t know ________.
—The weather report says it will be sunny.
A.what the weather was like
B.what the weather will be like
C.how the weather is
D.how the weather was
B
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11 . In five years, my daughter Sally ________ a basketball player.
A.was
B.is
C.will be
D.will
C
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12 . Take it easy. I am sure you ________ work it out soon.
A.will can
B.will
C.be able to
D.could
B
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13 . —What are you going to do?
—I am going to buy some food and drinks. Because we ________ a long trip tomorrow.
A.start
B.will start
C.are starting
D.started
B
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14 . —Jeff, ________ people ________ in the sea in 200 years?
—Maybe. Scientists are looking for answers.
A.did; live
B.are; living
C.will; live
D.do; live
C
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15 . —How soon ________ Miss Li arrive in Xi’an?
—In three days.
A.did
B.does
C.is
D.will
D
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