2024-2025学年人教版九年级英语全册 阅读材料讲好中国故事

2024年秋期九年级英语阅读材料 用英语讲好中国故事 用英语讲好中国故事一—— 唐诗 Tang Poetry      Tang poetry refers to poetry written during the Tang Dynasty (618–907), when the feudal society of China met its unprecedented prosperity. Large numbers of poets emerged and the two most celebrated among them are Li Bai and Du Fu, who are hard to surpass, and perhaps impossible to surpass. Li Bai, the representative of romantic poetry, with his rich imagination, spectacular style and smooth language, was spoken of as the“poet-immortal”by people of later generations. Du Fu, the representative of realistic poetry, a k een observer of political and social scene, wrote with succinct language and a very high artistic skill. He was referred to as the“poet sage”.       According to the period of its development, Tang poetry can be divided into four periods, namely, the Early Tang period, the High Tang period, the Mid-Tang period, and the Late Tang period. In the Early Tang period, poems began to develop the foundation, which is now considered to be the poetry with Tang style, and reached its acme in the High Tang period. In terms of formation, Tang poetry inherited the archaic style of Han and Wei folk songs and Yuefu poems, but also developed the modern style of poetry. Archaic poetry of the Tang Dynasty is mainly pentasyllabic and heptasyllabic. The modern style poetry in Tang poetry are composed of two forms: lüshi(regulated verses) and jueju (quatrains). Regulated verses are subdivided into pentasyllabic verses andheptasyllabic verses while quatrains are subdivided into pentasyllabic quatrains and heptasyllabic quatrains. The modern style of Tang poetry is rigorously metrical. Tang poetry can be categorized into several schools including Landscape Pastoral Poetry, Frontier Fortress Poems, Romantic Poetry, Realistic Poetry, etc.       Tang poetry is an important cultural heritage of the China and the essence of the traditional Chinese culture. 参考译文 唐诗      唐诗，泛指唐朝(公元618年一公元907年)诗人创作的诗歌。唐朝盛世繁华，诗歌创作热情空前高涨，人才辈出，其中最有名的当属李白和杜甫，可谓空前绝后。李白，浪漫派诗歌的代表。他的诗想象丰富，气势宏大，语言自然，后人尊称他为“诗仙”；杜甫，现实派诗歌的代表，他的诗忧国忧民，沉郁悲凉，语言精练，艺术水平很高，后人尊称他为“诗圣”。       就发展阶段而言，唐诗一般分为初唐，盛唐，中唐及晚唐四个阶段。唐诗的样式，在初唐时期已经完备，到盛唐时期达到诗歌创作的巅峰。唐诗的形式多种多样，不仅继承了汉魏民歌、乐府古风传统，并且创造了近体诗的样式。唐代的古体诗有五古和七古。近体诗包括律诗和绝句。律诗和绝句又各有五言和七言的不同。唐代的近体诗有严格的格律要求。唐诗按照派别分为山水田园诗派，边塞诗派，浪漫诗派，和现实诗派等。      唐诗是中华民族重要的文化遗产和中国传统文化的精华。 词汇笔记 1. immortal [ɪ'mɔːtl] person of lasting fame 不朽的人物 2. sage [seɪdʒ] very wise man 圣人 3. acme ['ækmI] the highest point (of something) 最高点 用英语讲好中国故事二—— 中国古典小说 Ancient Chinese Fiction       The embryo of Chinese fiction can be traced back to the myths of remote antiquity created collectively by the laboring people of primitive societies, passed down orally until the emergence of written literature. Among the most popular ones are NũWa Mending the Sky, Jingwei Filling up the Sea, etc.       The fables and historical events recorded in the prose writing and historical literature in the pre-Qin Period and the Han Dynasty supplied writers in succeeding dynastic eras with the writing materials and narrative formation of novels. Classical works include Records of the Grand Historian by Sima Qian in the Western Han Dynasty, the classic of Taoism- Zhuangzi, and the imperial annal Strategies of the Warring States. The emergence of the legends in the Tang Dynasty, called Chuanqi, is a sign of maturity of classical Chinese fiction. The Tang writers' special fondness for love stories of the wit and the beauty is characteristic of the Tang novels and classical fiction. The literary genre of the Zhiguai (accounts of the bizarre and mystical stories) formed and prevailed during the Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties and its maturity was fully displayed in Pu Songling's Liaozhai zhiyi (Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio) in the Qing Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, Huaben, or the scripts for story-tellers, became popular. Its emergence signifies a turning point in the course of Chinese fiction: the shift of writing to the use of the vernacular catered for ordinary people. Before that, much of the serious literature was composed in classical Chinese. The Ming and early Qing Dynasties saw the heyday of classical Chinese fiction and also the formation of new literary genres like chapter novel and historical romance. Romance of Three Kingdoms, The Water Margin, The Journey to the West and A Dream of Red Mansions are known as “The Four Greatest Novels in Chinese Literature”, among which A Dream ofRed Mansions is hailed as the acme of ancient vernacular Chinese fiction. 参考译文 中国古典小说      中国小说起源于上古神话，是劳动人民集体智慧的结晶，其中脍炙人口的作品有《女娲补天》和《精卫填海》等。       先秦和两汉的散文和史书中流传下来的寓言和人物传记为后世的小说或提供了素材，或积累了叙事的经验。其中，西汉司马迁所著的《史记》，道家经典著作《庄子》以及国别体史书《战国策》最为经典。唐传奇的出现，是我国古代小说发展到成熟阶段的标志。唐传奇作家对才子佳人爱情题材的偏爱，是唐人小说乃至中国古典文言小说的一大特点。从魏晋南北朝时期，就出现了记叙神异鬼怪故事为主的志怪小说，并流行一时。清代蒲松龄所著的《聊斋志异》被认为是志怪小说的集大成者。宋代流行话本，即“说话”艺人的底本。话本的出现是中国古代小说史上重要的转折点，从此小说的主流文体逐渐从之前的文言文转为白话文。明清时期进入白话小说的全盛时期，并产生了章回体小说、演义小说等。这一时期的《三国演义》《水浒传》《西游记》和《红楼梦》合称为四大名著，其中《红楼梦》更是被誉为中国古代白话小说的顶峰。 词汇笔记 1. embryo ['embrIəʊ] an unborn animal or human being in the very early stages of development 胚胎 2. genre ['ʒɒnrə] a particular type of literature, painting, music, film, or other art form which people consider as a class because it has special characteristics (文学、绘画、音乐、电影等艺术作品的)体裁，类型 3. vernacular [və'nækjələ(r)] the language or dialect that is most widely spoken by ordinary people in a region or country 方言 ; 土语 用英语讲好中国故事三——宋词Song Ci      Ci is one of the forms of modern poetry, as opposed to archaic poetry, which originated in the Sui Dynasty (581-619), popularized in the Tang Dynasty(618-907) and reached its summit in the Song Dynasty (960-1279), hence the name of Song Ci.       As the length of the lines differs, ci is also called“long and short-line verses”. Ci, depending upon its length, can be divided into Xiaoling (short verses of less than 58 characters), Zhongdiao (middle-length verses of 59-90 characters), and Changdiao (long verses of more than 91 characters). Ci is written to certain tunes and is akin to lyrics created for musical accompaniment as the meter varies in the way that the words have to match the rhythm of the music. There are various tonal patterns. The tonal pattern of ci is called Cipai, such as the Beautiful Lady Yu and the River All Red, which decides the tones, rhyme, and the syntactical structure of the poem, yet may have a loose connection to its content. In terms of style, ci can be either Wanyue (the graceful and mild) School or Haofang (the bold and unconstrained) School. The Wanyue School endows delicate things with exquisite feeling and implicit elegance. Li Qingzhao was an outstanding ci poetess of Wanyue School. Her works are exquisite, refined and full of true feelings. The Haofang style features the imposing style and the attitude of heroic abandon, of which Su Shi and Xin Qiji are the representatives. Their works are unrestrained, refreshing and smooth. Su Shi's works blazed a new trail for the evolvement of ci poetry. Under the influence of the great writer Su Shi, Song Ci began to free itself from its musical background and became primarily a literary creation.       Song Ci holds an important position in the history of Chinese literature. Now Song Ci and Tang poetry are regarded as two glaring peals of Chinese literature. 参考译文 宋词      词，相对于古体诗，是近体诗的一种。词源于隋(581年—619年)，兴于唐(618年—907年), 极盛于宋代(960年—1279年), 因此常被称作宋词。       词的句子长短不齐，也被称为长短句。根据字数的多少，词可分为小令(少于58字)、中调(59字—90字) 和长调(91字以外)。词是伴曲而唱的， 词的音调变化必须与音乐的节奏相配，即依调填词。填词用的曲调叫作词牌，如《虞美人》《满江红》等。词牌决定词的音律和句式，与词的内容关系不大。根据风格不同，词大致分为婉约派和豪放派。婉约派辞情酝籍，婉转含蓄，代表人物为女词人李清照，她的词清新绮丽，感情真挚；豪放派气势恢宏，充满英雄气概，苏轼和辛弃疾的词豪迈奔放，清新流畅，是豪放派的代表人物。苏轼还使词从音乐的附属品转变为一种独立的抒情诗体，从而影响并改变了词的发展方向。       宋词在中国文学史上有相当重要的地位，与唐诗并称为中国文学史上的两颗耀眼的明珠。 词汇笔记 1. lyric ['lIrIk] a short poem of songlike quality 诗词 2. syntactical [sIn'tæktIkəl] of or relating to or conforming to the rules of syntax 句法的 3. grandeur ['grændʒə(r)] the quality of being great and impressive in appearance 庄严 用英语讲好中国故事四——元曲 Yuan Qu      The major literary achievement in the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368) is Yuan Qu. Like Tang Peotry and Song Ci, Yuan Qu is a landmark in the development of classical Chinese poetry. Qu takes two forms, Zaju and Sanqu.       Zaju combines singing, dialogues and dramatic actions. It usually consists of four acts, which present the problem, build it up, bring it to a climax and provide a denouement. The characters falls into four types: dan (the female lead), mo (the male lead), jing (the bad-tempered, violent male), za (other actors and actresses). Classical Zaju includes Snow in Midsummer by Guan Hanqing, The Autumn in the Palace of Han by Ma Zhiyuan, A Beautiful Girl Loses Her Soul by Zheng Guangzu, The Parasol Tree and the Rain by Bai Pu, and the Romance of the Western Chamber by Wang Shifu.       The other form of Yuan Qu is Sanqu, which is lyrical poems set to music, yet with no dramatic actions or dialogues, and is rather like ci in the Song Dynasty. Sanq u is lyrics set according to the certain and specific, fixed patterns of rhyme and tone of conventional musical pieces upon which they are based. This form of Sanq u is free, lively and less strict than the former literary forms, with irregular verse patterns. Leading exponents of this genre are Ma Zhiyuan, Guan Hanqing, Bai Pu, and Zhang Yanghao. The verse“withered branch, old tree and a crow in the dusk: a little bridge, flowing water and a cottage” by Ma Zhiyuan describes the loneliness of a traveler far from home. The description “the rise of the nation brings misery to the people, and its fall also brings miseryto the people”by Zhang Yanghao presents a biting social commentary. These are only a few of the exceptional verses of Sanqu. 参考译文 元曲      元曲是元朝(1271 年—1368年)文学的最高成就，是中国古代文学史上继唐诗、宋词以来的另一座里程碑。元曲由散曲和杂剧组成。      元杂剧是一种把音乐、动作、念白(对话、独白)相结合的综合戏曲艺术。一般由四折戏组成、即开端、发展、高潮和结尾。戏剧人物分为旦(女演员)、末(男演员)、净(性格暴烈的男演员)及杂(其他)。关汉卿的《窦娥冤》、马致远的《汉宫秋》、郑光祖的《倩女离魂》、白朴的《梧桐雨》及王实甫的《西厢记》都是元杂剧的经典之作。       与宋词相似，散曲源于民歌，只供清唱吟咏，没有动作、念白。散曲有格律要求，句式、字数、平仄都有定式，但相比之前的诗歌形式，语言活泼自由，押韵也较灵活。马致远、关汉卿、白朴、张养浩等人是散曲创作杰出的代表人物。马致远的“枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家”表达了出门在外的孤独与凄凉，张养浩的“兴，百姓苦！亡，百姓苦！”一句话概括出老百姓对社会的不满。这些精彩语句广为传颂。 词汇笔记 1. denouement [ˌdeI'nuːmɒ] the end of a play, book, etc., in which everything is explained or settled; the end result of a situation ( 戏剧、小说等的) 结局 2. dialogue ['daIəlɒg] conversations in a book, play, film or movie 对话, 对白 3. exponent [Ik'spəʊnənt] a person who is able to perform a particular activity with skil 能手, 大师 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$