内容正文:
►专题一 英语知识运用
题型解读
山东省春季高考英语试题的英语知识运用部分是以单项选择题的形式来考查,共25分。英语知识运用的主要考查考纲及教材中所规定的词汇、语法和日常交际用语。
此题型强调英语基础知识,重点考查考生对英语词法、句法以及日常交际用语在一定语境及情景中运用的掌握情况。
命题趋势
1. 2023年春季高考英语试题
① 考查了11个词法题,分别是1个介词辨析, 1个代词辨析,1个形容词辨析,1个副词辨析,2个名词辨析,3个动词及词组辨析, 1个连词辨析,1个单词词性辨析。
② 考查了9个句法题,1个动词时态和1个被动语态,1个状语从句,1个定语从句,1个宾语从句, 1个主语从句,1个强调句, 1个非谓语动词和1个反义疑问句。
③考查了2个交际用语题,
④考查了3个信息识别题。
2. 近年来,考查词汇和语法的题目增多。
3. 各种词性的辨析是重点考查项目;时态语态和非谓语动词也是必考点;主从复合句每年都考查3-4题,重点是定语从句和状语从句。
4. 2021年新增考查点:it引导的强调句和表示方位的副词引导的倒装句
5. 2022年新增考查点:过去完成时和动词不定式作状语
解题技巧
英语言知识运用的解题技巧:
1. 阅读题干,了解句意。
2. 观察比较选项,发现考点。
3. 分析句子结构,找到关键点。
4. 根据语境,结合词法句法确定答案。
真题实战练
1.(2021年山东春季高考) I tried calling my boss several times but I couldn’t_________
A. get away B. get off C. get out D. get through
【答案】 D
【解析】 本题考查动词短语辨析。句意:“我几次尝试拨打老板的电话,但是都不能接通。”A 项意为“离开,逃脱”;B 项意为“下车”;C项意为“离开,泄露”;D 项意为“接通电话”,根据“calling my boss”,可知是接通电话。
2.(2021年山东春季高考)----Alex,here _______the bus.
----Let's go.
A. come B. was coming C. will come D.comes
【答案】 D
【解析】 本题考查倒装句。由 here,there,out,down等表示方位的副词开头的句子用全部倒装结构。
3. (2022年山东春季高考)---David,_________me a phone call as soon as you arrive at the train station.
A.give B. gives C.giving D.to give
【答案】 A
【解析】 本题考查祈使句。as soon as引导的时间状语从句。基本,原则遵循”主祈从现"。空所在的半句为主句,需要填入主要谓语动词,故排除不定式和分词形式,CD排除。又因为主句部分是祈使句句式,所以应当用动词原形开头,故排除B,选A。
4.(2022年山东春季高考) —I feel a little nervous about the coming interview.
—Don’t worry. I ________ believe you can make it.
A. do B. does C. did D. done
【答案】A
【解析】考查特殊句式。句意:-我对即将到来的面试感到有点紧张。--别担心。我________相信你能成功。
助动词表示强调。说话人鼓励对方,我坚信,在这种语境下,可以用助动词do表示强调。故选A.
5.(2022年山东春季高考) The sign says that here you can’t ________.
A. park a car B. take photos C. eat and drink D. make a call
【答案】A
【解析】考查细节理解。句意:标牌上写着你不能在这里________。依据No parking 可知,不允许停车。故选A.
5.(2023年山东春季高考)I went to several libraries to gather ________about the project.
A.information B.invitation C.invoice D.instrument
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:我去了好几家图书馆来收集关于这个项目的信息。information信息;invitation邀请;invoice发票,账单;instrument器械,仪器,根据句意选A。
6.(2023年山东春季高考)We managed to persuade him________our creative project on new energy vehicles.
A.join B.joined C.joining D.to join
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们成功说服他来参加我们关于新能源七尺的创新项目。Persuade sb. to do 说服某人做某事....,此处, to do 为动词不定式作persuade的宾补。故选D。
7.(2022年山东春季高考)Young people are encouraged to take an______part in sports.
A.act B. active C.action D. activity
【答案】 B
【解析】 考查词性辨析。形容词修饰名词 part。act行动,作动词;active 积极的,作形容词;action 行动,作名词;activity 活动,作名词。
8. (2022年山东春季高考) Andy can take ________ at Platform 6 to Pudong International Airport. The fastest trains to Pudong International Airport
leave from Platform 6.
A. a bus B. a subway C. a plane D. a train
【答案】D
【解析】考查细节理解。句意:安迪可以在6号站台乘________去浦东国际机场。依据表格信息The fastest trains to (开往……的火车)可知,安迪乘坐的交通工具是火车。故选D.
9. (2023年山东春季高考) ----Daddy, I came first in the talent show.
----___________, Barry.
A.No way. B. Well done. C.Not yet. D. This way.
【答案】B
【解析】考查交际用语。句意:---爸爸, 我在达人秀中获得了第一名。---干得漂亮,Barry. No way决不,Well done干得漂亮,Not yet还没有,This way这边请。故选B。
10. (2023年山东春季高考)--- I am________they won the football match.
---That’s not ________because they were fully prepared.
A.surprised; surprising B. surprising; surprising
C.surprised;surprised D. surprising; surprised
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词的辨析。句意:---他们赢得足球必扫我很惊讶。--那没什么好惊讶的,因为他们准备的很充分。考ed和-ing结尾的形容词的辨析,surprised感到惊讶的, surprising令人惊讶的,故选A。
好题必测
1. Zhu Ting was selected as 2019-2020 Chinese____________volleyball league MVP.
A.woman B.women C.women’s D.women's
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词所有格。根据句意,此处应该是中国女排联盟,需要用Chinese women’s volleyball league,故选C项。
2. _________the weather in Qingdao these days?
---Pretty good! It’s neither too hot nor too cold.
A.What B. What’s C.How D.How’s
【答案】D
【解析】考查交际用语。询问天气用what’s the weather like 或How’s the weather?故选D。
2. He has already made a lot of_________ in his career.
A.success B. succeed C.successful D. successfully
【答案】A
【解析】考查词性辨析。名词作介词of 的宾语。success成功,作名词;succeed成功,作动词;successful 成功的,作形容词; successfully成功地,作副词。故选A。
4.—_________is it from your home to the nearest supermarket?
—It’s only about ten minutes’ walk.
A.how far B. how long C. How soon D. How many
【答案】A
【详解】考查交际用语。句意:—你家到最近的超市多远?—走路仅仅十分钟。How far提问距离;how long提问时间长短或者长度,How soon提问多久, How many提问数量,故选A。
5.---Judy, who is the girl______glasses in the photo.
---It is my elder sister. She used to wear glasses and have long hair.
A.by B. of C.on D.with
【答案】D
【解析】考查介词辨析。句意:—Judy,照片中那个戴眼镜的女孩是谁?—那是我姐姐。她过去戴眼镜,留着长头发。with此处意为“带着...”,故选D。
6.________the medicine as the doctor asked, ________ you will get worse.
A. Take, or B.Take, and C. Taking, so D. Don’t take, but
【答案】A
【解析】考查祈使句句式和连词。祈使句+连词+一般将来时的陈述句, 其中and有“那么“之意,””or有“否则”之意。故选A。
8.---You didn’t go to work this morning, did you?
---__________, though I didn’t feel well.
A.Yes, I did. B.No, I didn’t. C.Yes, I didn’t. D.No, I did.
【答案】A
【详解】考查反义疑问句。反义疑问句的答语肯定的用yes,否定的用no。前否后肯的反义疑问句中yes意为“不”,no意为“是的”。但答语需要保持前后一致。故选A。
9.The computer is one of the most important______。
A. inventor B.inventions C.invention D.inventors
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词辨析。 inventor发明家,inventions发明。句意:电脑是最重要的发明之一,故选B。
10.---My grandma often talks about the things and people __________impressed her deeply during her stay in the countryside.
A. that B.who C. which D.what
【答案】A
【详解】考查定语从句。由题干可知,空白处需要填一个关系代词,先行词既有人又有物,只能用that,故选A。
11. July always works hard and she has ________her dream of being a doctor.
A. realized B.won C.held D. believed
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。realize实现;win赢得;hold举办,;believe相信。实现梦想realize one’s dream。故选A。
12._______do you go to visit your grandparents?
A. How long B.How often C.How far D.How long
【答案】B
【解析】考查交际用语。提问频率用how often,故选B。
13.There are some____in these_______.
A.knifes;box B,knives; box C.knives;boxes D.knifes; boxes
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词复数。Knife的复数需要变fe为v,再加es;box的复数需要加es。故选C。
14.It was raining________, but the soldiers kept on helping people in the earthquake-stricken areas..
A. possibly B.generally C.firmly D.heavily
【答案】D
【解析】考查副词辨析。possibly可能地,generally总地,firmly坚定地,heavily强烈地。故选D。
15. __________the meals was finished, he washed up and made coffee.
A.While B. When C.Unless D. Although
【答案】B
【解析】考查状语从句。句意:当吃完饭后的时候,他洗碗并且做了咖啡,故选B。
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