Unit 5 Natural Wonders in the World 语法直接引语和间接引语课件-2023-2024学年中职英语高教版（2023修订版）基础模块3

Natural Wonders in the World Unit 5 英语3 基础模块 Period5 Grammar Direct Speech & Indirect Speech 直接引语:Direct Speech 间接引语:Indirect Speech 一、 定义 二、变化 三、句型 1、直接引语:直接引述别人的话,要加引号 The boy said ,“ I’m watching TV.” 直接引语 The boy said (that) he was watching TV. 2、间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话,不用引号 间接引语 以that 引导的宾语从句,注意主句和从句的时态 定义 是否有引号 直接引语变间接引语:人称的变化 1、“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如: Eg: She said: “My brother wants to go shopping with me. ” 变——She said her brother wanted to go shopping with her. He says, “I’m not good at math.” 变——He says that he is not good at math. 变化 2、二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时,若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称,如 Eg: Mum said to me:“ You must clean your bedroom by yourself.” 变——Mum told me that I had to clean my bedroom by myself. She said to him, “You are very nice.” 变——She told him that he was very nice. 变化 直接引语变间接引语:人称的变化 3.“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如: Eg: Mr. Smith said, “Jack is a good boy.” 变——Mr. Smith said Jack was a good boy. She said to him, “It’s time to go home.” 变——She told him that it was time to go home. 变化 直接引语变间接引语:人称的变化 直接引语变间接引语:时态的变化 间接引语时态 一般现在时 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去完成时 不变 一般将来时 过去将来时 can could may might 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般过去时 直接引语在改为间接引语时,时态需要做相应的调整。其基本法则和我宾语从句的时态变化一致,也就是说从句时态要和主句时态一致。如果从句是过去时,主句要向后退一格时态,变成一种过去时。 变化 特殊说明: 但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一般不变化。 ①直接引语是客观真理。如 “The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth”, the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth. ②直接引语是过去进行时,时态不变。如: Jack said, “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?” Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street. 直接引语变间接引语:时态的变化 变化 ③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语,变为间接引语时,时态不变。如: Xiao Wang said,“I was born on April 20, 1980.” Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980. ④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作,变间接引语,时态不变。如: He said, “I get up at six every morning.” He said he gets up at six every morning. ⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例:ought to,had better,used to)和已经是过去时的形式时,(例:could, should, would, might)不再变。 Peter said,“You had better come have today.” Peter said I had better go there that day. 直接引语变间接引语:时态的变化 变化 直接引语中的时间状语转换规则: 直接引语 间接引语 now then today That day tonight That night ago Before/earlier yesterday The day before last night The night before tomorrow The next/following day next … The next/following … 变化 记住:指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化 直接引语 间接引语 指示代词 this, these that, those 时间状语 now today yesterday tomorrow this week next week... then that day the day before the next day that week... the next week 地点状语 here there 动词 come go 直接引语变间接引语:句型 1 当直接引语是陈述句:间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。 主语+ (said ) + that+句子( 时态往过去推 ) told sb. The teacher said, “My students are hard-working.” The teacher said that his / her students were hardworking. 句型 2、直接引语如果是反意疑问句,选择疑问句或一般疑问句,间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句。 Do you have math? ( They asked him ) you have math They asked him Whether/if you have math. he had They asked him whether/if he had math. 直接引语变间接引语:句型 句型 3、直接引语如果是特殊问句,间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句(宾语从句必须用陈述句语序)。 When do you have math? ( They asked him ) you have math They asked him when you have math. he had They asked him when he had math. 直接引语变间接引语:句型 句型 4、根据说话人的语气变成ask(请让)tell(告诉)order(命令)warn(警告)sb. to do sth. 结构; 直接引语是否定祈使句时,要完成ask/tell/order/warn sb. not to do sth. 结构。 如: “Don’t make any noise”he said to the children。 She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. “Bring me a cup of tea, please,” said she. She asked him to bring her a cup of tea. 直接引语变间接引语:句型 句型 5、 感叹句-变成由that引导的宾语从句 He said “What a lovely garden it is!” He exclaimed that it was a lovely garden. 直接引语变间接引语:句型 句型 把下列的直接引语变为间接引语。 1. “I saw a note on my desk.” she said. 2. Mother said, “We’ll go to the park tomorrow.” 3. He said to me, “Your brother broke it.” 4. Tom said, “My sister was here three days ago.” 5. “We stayed there for two weeks.” she told me. She said that she had seen a note on her desk. 注意从句时态 Mother said that they would go to the park the next day. He told me that my brother had broken it. Tom said that his sister had been there three days before. She told me that they had stayed there for two days. 练习 6. “Do you like English or Chinese?” the teacher asked me. 7. “What did you do yesterday?” she asked me. 8. “Would you like an apple?” mother asked me. 9. “Don’t open the door.” she said to me. 10. “Come here early tomorrow.” the teacher said to us. 15. “Did you go to the cinema last night?” she asked. The teacher asked me whether I liked English or Chinese. She asked me what I had done the day before Mother asked me if/whether I would like an apple. She asked me not to open the door. The teacher told us to go there early the next day. She asked whether/if I had gone to the cinema the night before. $$