2024年中考英语被动语态专项复习课件

被动语态专项复习 想法产生看法,看法产生做法 主讲人：XXX 时间：20XX.10.1 被动语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语动词之间的具体关系，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。 被动语态 被动语态的构成 被动语态是由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成的。be本身无词义，但有时态、人称和数的变化各种时态的被动语态的构成形式如下(以动词 do为例): 一般式 进行式 完成式 现 在 am/is/are done am/is/are being done have/has been done 过 去 was/were done was/were being done had been done 将 来 shall/will be done / shall/will have been done 被动语态的各种句式 1.肯定句式 主语+be+过去分词(+by...). I was invited to the concert yesterday by the Greens. 2.否定句式 主语+be+not+过去分词(+by...). The glass was not broken by Leech but by the wind. 3.一般疑问句式 Be+主语十过去分词(+by...)? Are the bikes made in the factory? 4.特殊疑问句式 特殊疑问词+be(+主语)十过去分词(+by...)? What is this kind of sweater made of? Who was asked to make a report in the meeting? 被动语态的各种句式 谓语含有情态动词的否定句是在情态动词后加 not,疑问句则直接把情态动词提到主语之前。 These books mustn't be lent to others. What should be done to make a good sentence? 特别提示 被动语态的用法 一般说来,主动语态与被动语态的选用应根据具体的情况而定,但下面几种情况一般用被动 语态。 1.强调动作的承受者 This picture was painted by Van Gogh. 2.淡化动作的执行者 The film Avatar will be shown once again. 3.当动作的执行者有比较长的修饰语时 The lecture will be made by Joe, who is a young artist from the US. 被动语态的用法 英语中经常见到被动语态,无论是解题还是运用,正确使用被动语态的关键在于找到动作的执行者与承受者。 高频考点 - Simon, do you know who inyented the kite? - Sure! It by Mozi over 2,000 years ago. A. is invented B. invented C.was invented D. will be invented My advice on how to save paper by my class last Monday. A. accepts B. accepted C. was accepted D. is accepted C C 主动语态与被动语态的转换 主动语态变为被动语态时,一般主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语;主动句的谓语动词变为“be+过去分词"式,主动句的主语变为被动句的 by..,短语中的宾语,人称代词主格要改为宾格。 S+V+O 句式变成被动语态 SVO结构的主动句变为被动句,其主谓宾成分按照一般规则变化,其他不变. No one has ever beaten her at tennis. → She has never been beaten at tennis. We didn't notice anything special in his works. → Nohing special was noriced in his works by us. 特别提示 主动句如果是带 no 的否定句,被动句常用 no、neither或 never 等;否定句中 any-构成的不定代词变成被动句的主语时,常用 no-构成的不定代词。 主动语态与被动语态的转换 S+V+Oi+Od 句式变成被动语态 1.可有两种转化方法的情况 句子谓语是双宾语及物动词,变成被动语态时,将间接宾语或将直接宾语转化为句子主语均可。 They gave the children many good books. → The children were given many good books by them.(间接宾语转化为主语) → Many good books were given to the children by them.(直接宾语转化为主语) 特别提示 有些及物动词，如 give、send、take、bring、get等变为被动语态时，被保留的间接宾语前通常加 to。 They gave the visitors a warm welcome. → A warm welcome was given to the visitors by them. 有些及物动词，如 buy、make、find、get等,变为被动语态时，被保留的间接宾语前通常加 for。 Mother has bought me a computer. → A computer has been bought for me by Mother. 主动语态与被动语态的转换 2.只有一种转化方法的情况 (1)并非所有的双宾语及物动词在变成被动语态时,都可以将间接宾语转化为被动句主语 She wrote Jordan a long letter. → Jordan was written a long letter by her.(X) → A long letter was written to Jordan by her.(√) (2)宾语从句一般不可作为被动句的主语 He told me when the project would start. → When the project would start was told to me by him.(x) → I was told when the project would start by him.(√) 主动语态与被动语态的转换 S+V+O+C 句式变成被动语态 1.主动句中主谓宾按照规则变化,宾语补足语不变,但相应成为主语补足语 We have made the empty land a playground. → The empty land has been made a playground by us. 2.带有形式宾语it 的句子也可变为被动句 We consider it wrong to shout at the children who make mistakes. → It is considered wrong to shout at the children who make mistakes. 3.用不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语,在变为被动语态时不定式要加上to(let 除外) We saw a stranger enter the hall. → A stranger was seen to enter the hall by us. 主动语态与被动语态的转换 短语动词的被动语态 1.“不及物动词+介词”型 常见的有 look at、look after,move into、look into、call on、go into、arrive at 等 The children are well looked after in this nursery. 2.“及物动词+副词”型 如 find out、throw out、takeup等,这些短语动词既可跟宾语也可不跟,只有跟宾语时才有被动形式。 Many of my bad habits have been given up. 3.“动词+副词+介词”或“动词+名词+介词”型 这样的短语动词大多都能变为被动语态,如 look down upon、do away with、take care of、make use of,play a part in、pay attention to等。 Women shouldn't be looked down upon in any way. These children are taken good care of. 这些短语动词并非都有被动形式,如 arrive at只有作“达成协议”理解时,才有被动形式。 被动语态的注意事项 不可转换为被动句的主动句 1.谓语动词为某些状态动词时主动句中的谓语动词是表示状态的词,如have(有)、own(拥有)、possess(具有)、want(缺乏)等时,不可转换为被动句。 We don't own our flat---we rent it. She has blue eyes. 2.有时受宾语的限制不能转变为被动语态 (1)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时。 You should help each other whatever happens. (2)当宾语是主语身体的一部分时。 He shook his head from time to time when questioned about his family. (3)宾语是 V-ing形式或不定式时。 John enjoys listening to music. He wished to grow anew type of rice. 被动语态的注意事项 (4)由“动词十名词”构成的英语习语一般不可变为被动语态。 The boy often makes a face at class. Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years. (5)宾语是同源宾语时。 They live a happy life. The girl dreamed a sweet dream. (6)当宾语是表示地点、处所、组织或机构等的名称的名词时。 这类宾语前面的动词有 leave(离开)、enter(进人)、join(参加)等,但谓语动词是jump(跳过)时除外。 The car left the road and hit a tree. The fence was jumped by one horse after another. 被动语态的注意事项 常用必备 不可拆开的短语动词没有被动形式。 lose heart speak one's mind change hands keep guard do one's best make a face/faces change color take place make up one's mind 被动语态的注意事项 主动形式表示被动意义 1.连系动词的主动形式表示被动意义某些表示感官意义的连系动词和表示结果的连系动词,如 smell、taste、feel、sound、prove等,可用主动形式表示被动意义。 The mixture tastes terrible. She proves very patient and warm-hearted. 2.有些不及物动词可用主动形式表达被动意义 (1)表示主语特征、状态的动词,如 lock、shut、open、move、read、write、sell、wash、clean、catch、draw、cut等,特别是后加副词 well、easily等修饰时,常用主动形式表示被动意义。 This table cleans very easily. His book does not sell well. The door won'shut. 被动语态的注意事项 (2)某些表示“发生(happen、take place、occur)”“爆发(break out、burst out)”或“传播(spread)”的不及物动词。 The news that a famous singer would give a show spread quickly. 3.某些不定式可用主动形式表示被动意义 (1)当 nice 、easy, fit 、 hard ,difficult,important,impossible、pleasant,interesting等形容词后跟不定式作状语,形容词说明不定式的特征或性质而且句子的主语又是不定式的逻辑宾语时,常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。 The question is easy to answer. Sometimes,business English is hard to understand. (2)当不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和被修饰名词之间有动宾关系,且与作主语的名词 或代词有主谓关系时,用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。 I have alot of work to do today. He has three children to look after. 被动语态的注意事项 (3) 在there be...句型中,当不定式修饰名词作定语时,不定式用主动或被动式,其含义没有区别。 There is a lot of homework to do/to be done. There are some clothes to wash/to be washed. 4.表示“需要”的动词之后,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义在表示“需要”之意的 need、want、require 等词的后面,V-ing形式用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于不定式的被动形式。 The house needs repairing/tobe repaired. My clothes want washing/to be washed. 5.worth后面跟 V-ing 形式的主动形式表示被动意义 The picture book is well worth reading. Such a man as Mr Smith is not worth helping. 被动语态的注意事项 被动语态和 be done 式系表结构的区别 1.被动语态表动作,系表结构表状态或情况。 Trees are planted in our city every year.(被动语态) The bookstore is opened 24 hours a day.(系表结构) 2.被动语态可用进行时态，系表结构常用一般现在时、现在完成时等。 The plan is being carried out.(被动语态) Many kinds of art have been lost in the world.(系表结构) 3.被动语态一般由 by..说明动作的执行者,而系表结构常与其他介词短语搭配使用 We were attracted by Hawking's lecture on the universe.(被动语态) We are interested in Hawking's lecture on the universe(系表结构) 4.被动语态常用greatly等词修饰,而系表结构常由 very、quite、too、so 等词修饰。 I was greatly inspired by the report by the hero.(被动语态) Iam very interested in computer studies.(系表结构) 想法产生看法,看法产生做法 主讲人：XXX 时间：20XX.10.1 SEE YOU NEXT TIME $$