Unit 4 Natural Disasters Words and Expressions讲义-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

                      必修一Unit 4 Words and Expressions

rescue n.& vt. 营救;救援

派生：rescuer n.救援人员

搭配：

come to sb. 's rescue = rescue sb. 救援某人 

rescue ...from... 把……从……营救出来 

flood n. & v.

n. 洪水；大量

flood damage洪涝灾害

a flood of complaints 大量的投诉

vi. 淹没；大量涌入 vt. 使灌满水；淹没

flood in/into... 大量涌入……flood out of sth. 蜂拥而出……

flood... with... 把…… 大量送至……；使……充满…… (be flooded with sth. 被...淹没；充斥着)

damage vt. 损害;破坏n.损坏;损失;损害;伤害;赔偿金 [C] [复数]

damage 侧重“损”，可修复

搭配：

cause/do damage to 对……造成损害/损失 

damage one's health 损害某人的健康  

destroy vt  destroy = de- (down) + struere (build) 破坏一栋建筑的结构意味着毁掉这栋建筑；侧重 “毁”，无法修复

派生：destruction n. 破坏，摧毁  destructive adj. 毁灭性的

①毁坏；摧毁；毁掉

The building was completely destroyed by fire.

②消灭；杀死：

The dog attacked a child and had to be destroyed.

death n. 死；死亡

派生：

die v. 死，死亡    dead adj. 死亡的

dying adj. 垂死的   deadly adj. 致命的

affect vt. ①影响to influence sb / sth; (疾病)侵袭; 深深打动[常用于被动语态]

派生：affection n. 喜爱   effect n.  结果；作用；影响

搭配：

be affected with 被……所烦扰；感染……的疾病

be deeply affected by 被……深深打动

have an affection for 喜欢

have an effect/influence/impact on  对……产生影响

come into effect 生效、开始实施 

This can affect your work. =This can have an effect on your work.

词语辨析 affect / effect

affect（动词）= to have an influence on sb / sth；影响某人 / 某事：

effect（名词）= result, influence；作用；影响：

effect n．结果；效力　vt. 产生；达到目的

派生：effective adj. 有效的；有影响的effectively adv. 

搭配：

have an effect on /upon sth  对……产生影响

in effect事实上;实际上;有效的

come into effect/take effect(法律、规划或制度)生效;实施

put/bring sth into effect实施;实行;使生效

cause and effect因果             

side effect副作用

shelter n. 避难处；居所 vt. 保护；掩蔽 vi. 躲避（风雨或危险）

搭配：

① n.遮蔽物，庇护处，收容所，居所

under the shelter of 在……的庇护下

take/find shelter from 躲避...

② vt.保护，掩蔽 vi.躲避（风雨或危险）

shelter sb./sth. (from...)保护/庇护某人/某物（免受...）

shelter from....躲避...

power n. 能量; 力量; 控制力

派生：powerful adj. 强有力的 

搭配：

have the power to do sth. 具有做某事的能力 

come to power上台;执政(动作) 

be in power 执政;掌权(状态) 

beyond/out of one's power 力所不及的 

eg: As is known to all, knowledge is power.

ruin n. & vt. 破坏；毁坏

in ruins  严重受损；破败不堪

be/lie in ruins成为废墟；毁灭

go to ruin/fall into ruin  衰落，败落

ruin ones hope/health 毁掉某人希望、健康

eg: The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake，which made us awake all night.

bury vt. 埋葬；安葬

He buried his face in his hands and wept.

You’ll have to bury yourself in your studies if you want to pass the entrance examinations.

He has learnt to bury his feelings.

搭配：

bury... in...　把……埋到……里；使……沉浸于……

bury one's face in one's hands　双手掩面

bury oneself in (doing.)... = be buried in... 埋头于；专心于

表示“专心于；致力于”的短语还有：

①      be absorbed/engaged in　　②be devoted to=devote oneself to

③ be lost in =lose oneself in　 ④focus/concentrate on  

⑤be immersed in  沉浸在   ⑥fix/concentrate one's attention on

wave n.海浪;波浪 vi.& vt.挥手;招手

n. 巨浪 huge wave(s)

向某人挥手告别 waved sb. goodbye / waved goodbye to sb.

一波……;一阵…… A wave of sth.      

一阵恐惧  A wave of fear

effort n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力

搭配：

make an effort/efforts to do sth 尽力做某事

It takes effort to do sth. 花费精力去做某事。

spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事

put effort into（doing）sth. 努力做某事

in an effort to do sth. 为了做某事

with / without effort 费力地/ 毫不费力地

suffer vt.遭受;蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦

派生：

suffering n. 痛苦; 苦恼; 让人痛苦的事      sufferer n. 受难者;患病者 

搭配：

suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏

suffer from 受……折磨;患……病 

aid n. 援助；帮助；救援物资 vi. & vt. 帮助；援助

搭配：  

do/give/offer/perform/carry out first aid（对某人）实施急救

come to the aid of sb 帮某人的忙

in aid of 为了帮助

with the aid of= with the help of 在......的帮助下: