语境32 地球与宇宙奥秘探索-【高考领航】2025年高考英语一轮复习微专题速练

语境32　地球与宇宙奥秘探索 层级式精练 层级一　基础达标 Ⅰ. 1.①puzzling　puzzled　②over/about　③You will be puzzled about their meanings 2.①break away from　②broken into　③broke up ④broke out 3.①in time　②in no time　③At the same time　④At one time Ⅱ. 1.to　2.for　3.On　4.out　5.In　6.reactions 7.global　8.puzzled Ⅲ. 1.have made it possible to explore space　2.am so crazy about space exploration　3.will be beneficial to us in the future 层级二　能力提升 A 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。虽然SpaceX公司的卫星发射计划有其美好愿景，但其发射的Starlink 卫星数目的突然增加对天文学是不利的，作者希望联合国可以找到一种方式来防止Starlink卫星对夜空造成光污染。 1.D　观点态度题。根据文章第一段中的“but it comes at a cost”和“This sudden increase is bad for astronomy”可知，作者是反对SpaceX公司的发射计划的。 2.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“the probability of a Starlink satellite...this invasion”可知，作者的宇航员同事签请愿书是因为Starlink卫星在日落时毁了天文观测的可能性将会很大。 3.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“As a consequence，we hope that the United Nations will find a way to think outside of the box to save the sky for everyone.”可知，作者觉得联合国应该肩负起拯救天空的责任。 4.A　标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，作者对Starlink卫星对夜空的光污染表示担忧，并希望能够保护夜空。 B 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。人类来自哪里，动物又是从哪里起源的？文章讲述了科学家在南澳大利亚的一个洞穴里找到了潜在的答案。他们发现一种米粒大小的蠕虫状生物可能是包括人类和大多数动物在内的族谱中最古老的祖先。 5.A　代词指代题。根据第一段前两句可知，人类找到了可能是包括人类和大多数动物在内的族谱中最古老的祖先——一种米粒大小的蠕虫状生物。由此可知，画线词所在句应表示这种蠕虫状生物被认为是地球上早期生命进化的一步。故选A项。 6.A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Developing its body...purposeful directions.”可知，研究人员培育它的身体结构和组织成功地让生命朝着特定的、有目的的方向发展。故研究人员在研究期间以预期的方式使这种生物进化。故选A项。 7.B　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，早在15年前，科学家们就知道这些洞穴是这种生物创造的。但是一直找不到证据。Mary Droser在洞穴附近发现了椭圆形的印痕，所以是椭圆形的印痕的发现激励了科学家们探索洞穴的起源。故选B项。 8.B　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了蠕虫状生物可能是大多数动物的祖先。故选B项。 C 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了太空中是否还存在其他形式的生命，论述了不同的人对此的不同看法。 9.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Yet with an estimated one...creatures out there.”可知，有些科学家认为其他星球上有生命是因为宇宙中有大量的行星。 10.C　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“A few hours later...Shortly after， this statement was”以及后文“it was said that it was a weather balloon that crashed”可知，该军事基地宣布他们找到了一个飞碟。不久之后，这一声明被撤回，据说是一个气象气球坠毁。故画线词意思是“正式收回说过的话”。 11.A　标题归纳题。文章主要论述了太空中是否还存在其他形式的生命，论述了不同的人对此的不同看法。可知，A选项最符合文章标题。 12.A　观点态度题。根据第二段中“Science is still somewhat divided on this issue.”；第三段中“Some people believe...by governments.”以及最后一段中“Others believe that there certainly are other life forms out there...too great.”可推知，文中没有提到作者的观点，即作者是客观的语气。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 语境32　地球与宇宙奥秘探索 清单式背诵——基础知识排查记 话题词汇 1.accustomed adj.习惯的 2.airspace n.(某个国家的)领空 3.alien n.外星人 4.astronomer n.天文学家 astronomy n.天文学 5.atmosphere n.大气层；气氛 6.backwards adv.向后地；倒退地 7.biologist n.生物学家 biology n.生物学 8.capsule n.太空舱 9.crash vi.& vt.碰撞；坠落 10.decade n.十年 11.destiny n.命运 12.exist vi.存在；生存 existence n.存在；生存 13.extinct adj.灭绝的；绝种的 14.flight n.飞行；班机 15.foresee vt.预知；预见 16.fundamental adj.基本的；基础的 17.global adj.全球性的；全世界的 globe n.球体；地球仪；地球 18.gravity n.万有引力；重力 19.mammal n.哺乳动物 20.man­made adj.人造的 21.motherland n.祖国 22.orbit n.& vt.轨道；绕轨道飞行 23.planet n.行星 24.puzzle n.谜；难题 vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难 puzzled adj.困惑的 puzzling adj.令人困惑的 25.react v.反应 reaction n.反应；回应 26.satellite n.卫星；人造卫星 27.solar adj.太阳的；日光的 28.spaceship n.宇宙飞船 29.violence n.暴力 violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的 violently adv.暴力地；猛烈地 30.weightlessly adv.失重地 话题词块 1.break out 突发，爆发 2.be beneficial to...对……有益 3.catch up with the advanced world levels 赶上世界先进水平 4.cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋 5.circle the moon 绕月 6.conquer the universe 征服宇宙 7.explore space 探索太空 8.figure/make out 弄清楚，弄明白 9.in spite of 不管 10.in time 及时；终于 11.land on the moon 登月 12.launch/send up a satellite 发射卫星 13.on average 平均起来 14.on the whole 大体上；基本上 15.one after another 一个接一个地 16.other than 除了 17.right away 立刻；马上 18.space exploration 太空探索 19.under observation 正在被观察 20.watch out for 密切注意；当心；提防 话题句式 1.Great achievements have been made by China in space exploration in the past decades. 在过去的几十年中，中国在太空探索方面取得了巨大的成就。 2.China has successfully launched the Chang'e­5 onto the moon，of which we Chinese are all proud. 中国成功发射嫦娥五号到月球，我们所有中国人为之自豪。 3.It was the first time that human beings had planted plants in space. 那是人类第一次在太空种植植物。 层级式精练——核心要点全练通 层级一　基础达标 Ⅰ.重点词汇题组练 1. puzzle n.谜；难题 vt.& vi. (使)迷惑；(使)为难 ①When the little girl was asked such a__________question， she stood there with a____________ look on her face.(puzzle) ②People have long puzzled__________how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks. ③如果你不了解这些诗歌的写作背景，你可能会对它们的含义感到很困惑。 ______________________________if you don't learn about the background of these poems. 2.break out突发，爆发 break out，break away from，break into， break up ①She is trying to_____________________the bad habit， which makes her parents happy. ②The room is in a mess.It must have been________________ while we were away. ③In order to get some money， the man__________that old machine and sold some parts. ④After a fire__________in the lab， a lot of equipment was damaged. 3.in time 及时；终于 in time， at the same time， in no time，at one time ①As the old saying goes， “Where there is a will， there is a way.” Our efforts will pay off_____________. ②Luckily， I quickly adapted to the new surroundings and everything returned to normal_____________________. ③________________，I have a good command of several languages including English. ④________________ 400 men， women and children lived in the village. Ⅱ.话题词汇快速练 1.She has become accustomed____________ climbing the mountain every day. 2. Be careful！Watch out__________cyclists and other runners. 3.__________the whole， I'm in favour of the proposal. 4.It took them about one month to figure____________ how to start the equipment. 5.__________spite of his age，he still leads an active life. 6.The scientific research institute has conducted an experiment on nuclear____________(react) today. 7. Not all people are aware of the various effects of_____________(globe) warming on earth. 8.This morning I was walking on the street when I saw that two travelers were reading a map， looking____________(puzzle). Ⅲ.话题写作能力练 1.随着现代科学技术的发展，我们已经使探索太空成为可能。 With the development of modern science and technology，we_________________________________. 2.我对太空探索如此着迷，以至于在业余时间我经常去图书馆读一些关于太空探索的书。 I_______________________________________that in my spare time I often go to the library to read something about space exploration. 3.毫无疑问，太空探索将花费很多钱。然而，从长远来看，这是一项长期投资，对我们未来将是有益的。 There is no doubt that space exploration will cost much money.However，in the long run，it is a long investment and____________________________. 层级二　能力提升 阅读理解 A (2024·湖北十一校联考)The company SpaceX has already launched hundreds of its Starlink satellites，with plans to put as many as 42，000 of them into the earth's orbit.Its goal is to provide the high­speed Internet for billions of people.Moving toward that kind of access is important，but it comes at a cost.Glittering with reflected sunlight，these first orbiters，sent up in the past year，are brighter than 99 percent of the 5，000 or so other satellites now circling Earth，and obviously there are going to be a lot more.This sudden increase is bad for astronomy：the probability of a Starlink satellite crossing a telescope's field of view and ruining an observation will be quite high near sunset.For that reason，my fellow astronomers have signed a petition (请愿书) calling for governments to protect the night sky from this invasion. In response to protests，SpaceX has promised to address the visibility problem by，for example，applying experimental coatings—essentially painting the satellites black—but the company's aggressive launch schedule remains unchanged.And the satellites' illuminated (被照亮的) surfaces are mostly their solar panels—exactly the part that cannot be painted over. Unfortunately，at present no regulations govern how bright a single satellite can be，let alone thousands of them together.Even if there were such regulations，one nation's laws could not hinder (阻碍) another country's launches.Space literally has no borders，and the sky will need to be protected at an international level.As a consequence，we hope that the United Nations will find a way to think outside of the box to save the sky for everyone. When I was growing up in Montana，it was a game to be the first to find a moving satellite among a host of stars in the night sky.Soon it could be a game to recognize the constellations (星座) behind a swarm of moving points of light. 1.What is the writer's attitude toward SpaceX's launching plans？ A.Indifferent. B.Doubtful. C.Optimistic. D.Disapproving. 2.Why have the writer's fellow astronomers signed the petition？ A.SpaceX plans to send too many Starlink satellites into space. B.The Starlink satellites will possibly ruin an observation near sunset. C.The first orbiters are brighter than most of other satellites circling Earth. D.SpaceX fails to provide the high­speed Internet for people around the world. 3.According to the writer，who should shoulder the responsibility to save the sky？ A.The United States. B.The United Nations. C.The company SpaceX. D.Just one nation. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text？ A.Preserve the Night Sky B.Ban Starlink Satellites C.Observe Stars Attentively D.Protest Against SpaceX B Evidence of a worm­like creature about the size of a grain of rice has been uncovered in South Australia，and researchers believe it is the oldest ancestor on the family tree that includes humans and most animals.The creature lived about 535 million years ago.It is considered to be an evolutionary step forward for early life on the Earth. Researchers have been trying to find evidence of the common ancestor of most animals.Developing its body structure and organization successfully allowed life to move in specific， purposeful directions.This includes everything from worms and dinosaurs to amphibians (两栖动物) and humans.But for our common ancestor， they knew that fossils (化石) of the tiny， simple creatures they imagined would be nearly impossible to find because of its size and soft body.Then， they turned to fossilized burrows， dating back to the Ediacaran Period， found in South Australia. For 15 years， scientists knew the burrows were created by the creature.There was no evidence of what made the burrows and lived in them until researchers decided to take a closer look at the burrows.Geology professor Mary Droser spotted impressions shaped like ovals near the burrows. A 3D laser scan revealed the impressions containing evidence of a body shaped and sized like a rice grain， with a noticeable head and tail which suggested it had muscles.The muscles would have enabled the creature to move and create the burrows， like the way a worm moves.And the size of the creature matched with the size of the burrows they found. The researchers involved in the study named the creature Ikaria wariootia.The first name translates as “meeting place” in the Adnyamathanha language.Adnyamathanha is the name of Australian people that live in the area where the fossil was found. 5.What does the underlined word “It” mean in the first paragraph？ A.A worm­like creature. B.A grain of rice. C.A family tree. D.An evolutionary step. 6.What did the researchers do during the study？ A.They developed the creature in the expected way. B.They studied a large number of worms and dinosaurs. C.They observed the burrows close up. D.They went back to the Ediacaran Period some years ago. 7.What inspired the scientists to explore the origins of the burrows？ A.A 3D laser scan. B.The impressions. C.Some good ovals. D.More burrows. 8.What does the text mainly tell us？ A.The researchers worked very hard in the burrows. B.The worm­like creature may be most animals' ancestor. C.It is very difficult to name a new kind of creature. D.Australian people like fossils of many creatures. C (2024·广州市天河区综合测试)You look up at the sky on a clear and dark night， you'll see more stars than your eyes can count.Most of these stars have planets， similar to our own， orbiting them.With so many celestial bodies floating out in space， you can't help but question whether other forms of life exist in the universe.And if that's the case， is it possible to contact them？ Science is still somewhat divided on this issue.Currently， no evidence exists to suggest that intelligent life exists elsewhere in the universe.Yet with an estimated one trillion planets in our galaxy alone， it seems highly likely that Earthlings aren't the only intelligent creatures out there.Some claim that life can only develop under perfect circumstances， and Earth is perhaps the only example of this.Other scientists object to this claim， and point out that even on Earth， life can find a way under the most extreme circumstances. Some people believe that aliens have already visited our planet， but this information is being kept secret by governments.The most famous incident of this kind occurred in Roswell， New Mexico in 1947.On that date， many residents reported seeing an unusual flying disc streak through the sky， before it crashed in a field.When the military heard about the crash， they quickly sealed off the area.A few hours later， the army base announced that it had recovered a flying disk.Shortly after， this statement was retracted and it was said that it was a weather balloon that crashed.However， years later one local mortician even claimed that the military had him secretly perform an autopsy on a dead alien body. Others believe that there certainly are other life forms out there， but the distance between us is too great.Even if we could somehow create a spaceship that travels at the speed of light， it would still probably take several lifetimes to reach them.Then again， we might never have to do this if aliens reach us first. 9.Why do some scientists think there is life on other planets？ A.Because an unusual flying disc was ever witnessed. B.Because life exists despite extreme conditions as those on the Earth do. C.Because the government's statement seemed suspicious. D.Because there are a great number of planets in the universe. 10.What does the underlined word “retracted” in Paragraph 3 mean？ A.Examined again to guarantee the correctness. B.Emphasized again to persuade people. C.Formally taken back what has been said. D.Seriously criticized due to poor evidence. 11.Which of the following might be the best title for the text？ A.Are We Alone in the Universe？ B.Is It Possible to Contact Aliens？ C.Intelligent Life in the Universe. D.Planets Floating Out in Space. 12.How does the author sound in the passage？ A.Objective. B.Humorous. C.Cautious. D.Anxious.  学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$