语境31 自然灾害与防范-【高考领航】2025年高考英语一轮复习微专题速练

语境31　自然灾害与防范 层级式精练 层级一　基础达标 Ⅰ. 1.①Alarmed　②to find　③in 2.①to speak　②for　③Equipped with much experience in teaching　Equipping himself with much experience in teaching 3.①Survivors　②by　③how to survive storms Ⅱ. 1.dangerous　2.disappearance　3.violence 4.survival　5.natural　6.existence　7.absolutely 8.equipment Ⅲ. 1.caused structural damage to　2.our life has returned to normal　3.some people were in panic while more were trapped in the water 层级二　能力提升 Ⅰ. A 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个关于地球的未解之谜，它们分别是：所有的水都来自哪里？所有的氧气又怎么样？是什么导致了寒武纪生命大爆发？我们将能够预测地震吗？ 1.C　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“Tiny creatures released oxygen as a waste product”可知，地球上的生物后来创造了氧气。 2.D　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Most creatures that are alive today can trace their blood back to the Cambrian period.”可知，奥秘3谈论了地球上先进的物种。 3.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，奥秘4是关于我们是否将能够预测地震，结合生活实际可知，这是一件非常有实际意义的事。 B 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不同种类的自然灾害，包括地震、火山、飓风、洪水、干旱等。作者认为，对人类而言最大的灾难可能来自太空。 4.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The survivors needed...could be rebuilt.”可知，印度洋海啸的幸存者需要淡水、食物、收容所以及医疗帮助，来自世界各地的人们捐了款，以帮助他们重建家园。 5.A　段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，该段主要介绍了地震发生的原因之一：地球不停地转动，板块碰撞时便会发生地震。 6.A　细节理解题。根据本文尾句中的“the biggest threat...from space”可知，作者认为最大的威胁来自太空。 7.B　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章首句“Natural disasters take...without warning.”为全文主旨句；再结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了不同种类的自然灾害，故B项最适合作本文标题。 Ⅱ. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章针对气候变化问题提出三件我们必须做的事情，以此呼吁我们携手保护我们唯一的家园。 1.E　下文“However，the good news we get from the report is that...”提到报告中的好消息，由表示转折的副词However可知，该空应与“好消息”构成语义上的转折。E项(会议的“红色代码”报告让许多人大吃一惊)符合语境，其中的report以及conference均为原词复现。 2.D　上文“Stop using fossil fuels gradually.”为本段主旨句，建议人们逐渐停止使用化石燃料，故设空处应是表示具体的做法；再根据设空处后的“That means no exploration，no new wells...”可知，此处指不再开发新的化石燃料。D项(为了实现这一目标，我们必须不允许煤炭、石油和天然气的新开发)承上启下，符合语境，其中的this指代上文整句，coal，oil，gas与上文中的fossil fuels相呼应。 3.B　设空处为本段的首句，应是本段的主题句，根据文章结构可知，此处应为祈使句。再根据设空处后的“Sun and wind are the fastest­growing new sources of energy we have.”可知，本段应是建议加快清洁可再生能源的使用。B项(加快清洁可再生能源的使用)符合语境。 4.G　根据本段的首句“Protect the world's forests.”可知，本段重点讲保护森林；再结合设空处后的“And this must stop.”可知，设空处应表示破坏森林的行为。G项(热带雨林面临的风险尤其大，仍因农业用途而遭到砍伐)符合语境，其中forests为原词复现，设空处后的“this”则指代 G项内容。 5.F　根据本段首句中的“it is high time that we joined hands to protect the only home we have”可知，本段对全文做出总结，呼吁人们携手保护我们唯一的家园。F项 (我们肩负着拯救地球、地球上的人民和地球上的自然奇观的使命)对保护家园做了进一步的阐释，符合语境。 Ⅲ. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了天气的相关知识，其对人们生活的影响以及它与气候的不同。 1.is related　考查时态和固定短语。be related to 意思是“与……有关”，这里说的是一般性情况，用一般现在时。 2.playing　考查非谓语动词。playing an important part in our life是现在分词短语作状语，分词动作与逻辑主语之间是主动关系。 3.constantly　考查副词。空格中所填单词在句中修饰谓语动词，需用constant 的副词形式。 4.that　考查强调句。what引导的宾语从句使用了强调句型。 5.warmer　考查比较级。句型“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”表示“越……，越……”。 6.or　考查连词。该句意思是“有些地方在冬天很少或者没有阳光”。 7.differences　考查名词复数。空格中所填单词在句中作主语，需用different的名词形式，又因为these修饰可数名词复数形式，故填differences。 8.to change　考查固定搭配。cause sb./sth.to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“引起某人/物做某事”。 9.the　考查冠词。the same为固定搭配。 10.sunny　考查形容词。空格中所填单词在句中作表语，需用sun的形容词形式。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 语境31　自然灾害与防范 清单式背诵——基础知识排查记 话题词汇 1.absolute adj.绝对的；完全的 absolutely adv.绝对地；完全地 2.actual adj.实在的；实际的 actually adv.实际地 3.alarm vt.使惊慌 n.惊恐；警报；警报器 4.balance v.& n.平衡 balanced adj.平衡的；均衡的 5.danger n.危险 dangerous adj.危险的 6.disappear vi.消失 disappearance n.消失 7.disastrous adj.灾难性的；严重的 8.equip v.配备；装备 equipment n.设备；装备 9.exist vi.存在 existence n.存在；生存；存在物 10.explode v.爆炸；勃然大怒 explosion n.爆炸；爆破 11.fog n.雾；烟雾 foggy adj.有雾的；模糊的 12.guarantee v.& n.担保；保证 13.hurricane n.飓风；风暴 14.landslide n.山体滑坡 15.mudslide n.泥石流 16.natural adj.自然的 nature n.自然；性质；种类 17. panic v.& n.惊慌 18.sandstorm n.沙尘暴 19.short adj.短的；矮的；短缺的 shortage n.缺少；不足 20.survival n.幸存；存活 survive v.幸存；幸免；从……逃生 21.thunderstorm n.雷暴 22.typhoon n.台风 23.violence n.暴力行为 violent adj.暴力的 24. volcano n. 火山 话题词块 1.keep the balance of nature 保持自然平衡 2.on the decline/decrease 正在下降 3.rebuild one's home 重建某人的家园 4.be caught in 突然遭遇(风暴等) 5.make joint efforts 共同努力 6.in panic 惊慌失措 7.come to one's rescue 前来救某人 8.be trapped in ruins 被困在废墟中 9.get into trouble 陷入困境 10.call on people to make donations 呼吁人们捐赠 11.cause great damage/economic losses 造成巨大损害/经济损失 12.cut off the power/have the power cut 电力中断 13.return to normal 恢复正常 14.stricken district/area 受灾地区 话题句式 1.The news that he survived the disaster made my heart swell with happiness. 他在这次灾难中幸存下来的消息，使我心中充满了幸福。 2.Recent years have seen a big increase in natural disasters，such as earthquakes，hurricanes，and floods，which are big threats to people's lives. 最近几年自然灾害频发，例如地震、飓风、洪水等，它们严重地威胁着人们的生命安全。 3.After the flooding，people in the area are in urgent need of clean water，medicine and shelter to survive. 洪水过后，灾区人民急需干净的水、药和避难处活下去。 层级式精练——核心要点全练通 层级一　基础达标 Ⅰ.重点词汇题组练 1.alarm vt.使惊慌 n.惊恐；警报；警报器 ①__________(alarm) by the noise， the birds flew away in all directions. ②They were alarmed__________(find) her wounded. ③“What's up？” he asked____________ alarm. 2.equip v.配备；装备 ①It is often said that human beings are naturally equipped__________(speak). ②We want our son to have a good education that will equip him__________future life. ③He is equipped with much experience in teaching， so he is well respected by all his students. →____________________________________，he is well respected by all his students.(过去分词作状语) →____________________________________，he is well respected by all his students.(现在分词作状语) 3.survive v.幸存；幸免；从……逃生 ①__________(survive) of the accident were rushed to the nearest hospital in no time. ②As far as I know， the old lady survived her husband__________5 years. ③生活不在于挺过暴雨，而在于在风雨中力求欢乐。 Life isn't about_____________________， but how to dance in the rain. Ⅱ.话题词汇快速练 1.Some cyclists went through the red light， which was very____________(danger). 2. If you refer to someone's_____________(disappear)， you are referring to the fact that nobody knows where they have gone. 3.It does serious harm to children's character that too much____________ (violent) is shown on television. 4.If cancers are spotted early there's a high chance of____________(survive). 5. Property insurance helps you to defend against_____________(nature) disasters， in front of which humans appear too small. 6.I was unaware of his__________(exist) until today. 7. I feel sure that in terms of qualifications， ability and experience， you are__________(absolute) suited to the position we have in mind. 8.A lot of money was spent on the__________(equip) of the new hospital. Ⅲ.话题写作能力练 1.这次地震给城镇的大部分建筑造成了结构性的破坏。 The earthquake_____________________________ most of the buildings in the town. 2.由于共同努力，我们成功了，生活恢复了正常。 Thanks to the joint efforts， we made it and______________________. 3.可怕的洪水使到处一片汪洋， 一些人处于惊慌失措之中而更多的人被困在洪水之中。 The terrible floods covering every corner，_______________________________. 层级二　能力提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Unsolved Mysteries About the Planet Earth ·Mystery 1：Where did all the water come from？ Water covers 70 percent of Earth's surface and earns it the nickname“the blue planet”.And where did the water come from？The most popular scientific theory states that the H2O arrived in the form of several violent asteroids (小行星) filled with ice.Another suggests that the water actually has been around since Earth's formation.However it happened， though， it's certainly worked out well for Earth's life forms. ·Mystery 2：What about all the oxygen？ Another thing is the planet's oxygen.Tiny creatures released oxygen as a waste product， filling the atmosphere with it.After that， the level of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere went wildly up and down until it finally calmed down around 540 million years ago.Since then， it's remained at about the breathable level we experience today.But what caused it to be suddenly steady？ ·Mystery 3： What caused the Cambrian (寒武纪的) explosion？ The Cambrian explosion refers to the explosion of complex life that occurred on the Earth about 540 million years ago.Before then， life had consisted mostly of bacteria.But at the beginning of the Cambrian period， complex creatures began developing at a rate never before seen.Suddenly， life forms had brains， eyes， and bones.Most creatures that are alive today can trace their blood back to the Cambrian period. ·Mystery 4：Will we ever be able to predict earthquakes？ We still haven't been able to come up with a way to accurately predict earthquakes.We can certainly try， but our current technology cannot predict them exactly.We know that earthquakes start when rocks crack underground and send earthquake waves toward the surface， but we haven't figured out why that happens， or how to predict it. 1.What was created later by creatures on the Earth？ A.Water. B.Bacteria. C.Oxygen. D.Ice. 2.Which of the following talks about the Earth's advanced species？ A.Mystery 1. B.Mystery 2. C.Mystery 4. D.Mystery 3. 3.What do we know about Mystery 4？ A.It is a matter that has extremely practical significance. B.It will be solved in the near future. C.It is the most difficult to solve of the four. D.It is the oldest mystery of the four. B (2024·南京市六校高三调研)Natural disasters take many different forms and can happen without warning.Earthquakes， floods， volcanoes， drought， typhoons and hurricanes are all natural disasters. The earthquake on December 26th， 2004 resulted in one of the worst natural disasters in living memory.It was a massive underwater quake and occurred in the Indian Ocean.This caused a huge tsunami to cross the Indian Ocean.It destroyed coastlines and communities and brought death and destruction to many people.The survivors needed fresh water， food and shelters as well as medical help.People from all over the world gave money so that towns and villages could be rebuilt. The surface of the earth is not always looked as it does today；it is moving continuously and has done so for billions of years.This is one cause of earthquakes， when one section of the earth collides with another.Scientists can predict where this might happen and the area between plates is called a fault line.However， earthquakes do not always happen on fault lines， which is why they are so dangerous and unpredictable. Volcanoes happen where the earth's crust is thin—lava， dust and gases erupt from beneath the earth.They can rise into a massive cone shape—like a mountain and erupt， or they can be so violent that they just explode directly from the earth with no warning. Hurricanes are extremely strong storms and often happen in the Caribbean.They cause high winds， huge waves， and heavy flooding and can cross hundreds of miles. Floods happen in many countries after very heavy rainfall.When rain pours for weeks at a time and rivers overflow， people and property can be trapped or simply washed away. Another kind of natural disaster is drought.This happens when there is no water—when it doesn't rain for a long time and rivers dry up.This causes crops to fail， animals to die and sadly， people to starve. All the disasters are very dangerous， but they are nowhere near the most dangerous.One type of events in the earth's history has regularly killed millions of beings： the asteroid impact， which causes massive destruction and sometimes kills entire species， including all the dinosaurs.Disasters on the earth may seem dangerous， but the biggest threat to humans is likely to come from space. 4.What did people from all over the world do when the tsunami occurred in the Indian Ocean？ A.They aided the search for the victims. B.They gave away money to the beggars. C.They offered sponsorship to help the survivors. D.They rebuilt the coastlines and communities. 5.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？ A.Why earthquakes happen. B.What earthquakes destroy. C.How we can prevent earthquakes. D.When earthquakes happen. 6.Where does the author think the most dangerous natural disaster will come from？ A.Space. B.The tsunami. C.Drought. D.The hurricane. 7.What's the best title for the passage？ A.The History of Natural Disasters B.The Types of Natural Disasters C.The Outcome of Natural Disasters D.The Prediction of Natural Disasters Ⅱ.阅读七选五 (2024·湖北省七市高三调研) Three Things We Must Do to Tackle Climate Change With world leaders meeting at the international climate change conference in Glasgow to discuss urgent global action to meet one of the greatest challenges， many people still don't know what must be done.____1____ However， the good news we get from the report is that it is not too late to avoid the worst impacts of climate change， if we respond rapidly and decisively.But how？ It comes down to the following three things. Stop using fossil fuels gradually.____2____ That means no exploration， no new wells， mines， pipelines， or power plants.We already have a vast amount of fossil fuel infrastructure (基础设施)， and it will take decades to end its use. ____3____ Sun and wind are the fastest­growing new sources of energy we have.Their costs have fallen sharply， making them the least expensive options and encouraging the adoption of clean energy in more and more locations. Protect the world's forests.Forests all over the world currently absorb about a third of the carbon dioxide our activities send out to the atmosphere.____4____ And this must stop.To meet the planet's growing food needs， experts urge improved management practices on already­cleared land rather than clearing new land. Finally， it is high time that we joined hands to protect the only home we have.If so， we can take on the challenge whatever the difficulty is.____5____ The three actions we suggest are essential for success. A.Boost the development of new technology. B.Speed up the use of clean， renewable energy. C.The alarming messages released urged us to change our lifestyle. D.To achieve this， we must allow no new development of coal， oil and gas. E.The “code red” report from the conference greatly shocked many people. F.We are on a mission to save the planet Earth， its people and its natural wonders. G.Tropical forests (热带雨林) are especially at risk and still being cleared for agricultural uses. Ⅲ.语法填空 The weather refers to the condition of the atmosphere at a certain time and place，like temperature，wind，rain，sun，etc.The weather 1.__________(relate) to our life.It is all around us all the time，2.__________(play) an important part in our life.We can't control the weather，but the weather often controls how and where we live，what we do，what we wear and what we eat. The weather changes 3.__________(constant).But do you know what it is 4.__________makes the weather change？In general，the more sunlight a place gets，the 5.__________(warm) it will be.Some places get lots of sunlight.Some places get little 6.__________no sunlight in winter.And their temperatures differ from place to place.These 7.__________(different) in temperature make the air and water move around the earth，which in turn causes the weather 8.__________(change). People often confuse“weather”with “climate”.Actually，they are not 9.__________same thing.Climate is the weather of a place over a long time.The weather changes from day to day and even from hour to hour.It can be 10.__________(sun) in the morning，cold and wet in the afternoon，but the climate changes very slowly over years. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$