语境29 自然生态(二) 人与动植物-【高考领航】2025年高考英语一轮复习微专题速练

语境29　自然生态(二)　人与动植物 清单式背诵——基础知识排查记 话题词汇 1.beast n.野兽 2.biologist n.生物学家 3.botanical adj.植物的；植物学的 botany n.植物学 4.chemical adj.化学的 5.conservation n.保存；保护 6.creature n.生物 7.danger n.危险；风险 dangerous adj.有危险的 8.decrease vi.& vt.减少；(使)变小；变少 9.disappearance n.消失 10.distance n.距离；远方；疏远 distant adj.远的；远处的；疏远的 11.endanger vt.危害；使受到危险 endangered adj.濒危的 12.extinct adj.灭绝的 extinction n.灭绝 13.fierce adj.凶猛的；猛烈的 14.habitat n.栖息地；自然环境 15.harm n.& vt.损害；危害 harmful adj.有害的 harmless adj.无害的 16.hibernate vi.冬眠 hibernation n.冬眠 17.hunt vt.& vi.打猎；猎取；搜寻 hunter n.猎人 18.merciful adj.仁慈的；怜悯的 mercy n.仁慈；宽恕；怜悯 19.primitive adj.原始的；远古的 20.protect vt.保护；防卫 protection n.保护 21.reserve n.保护区 22.secure adj.安全的；可靠的 security n.安全 23.species n.种类；物种 24.wildlife n.野生动植物 话题词块 1.according to 按照；根据……所说 2.die out 灭绝 3.in danger (of) 处于(……的)危险中 4.large amounts of 大量的 5.on the increase/rise 正在上升/增加 6.on the decline/decrease 正在下降/减少 7.prevent/protect...from... 阻止/保护…… 8.to one's relief 令某人宽慰的是 9.result in 导致 10.take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事 11.raise the awareness of 唤醒……意识 12.play an important role in 在……发挥重要作用 13.keep the balance of nature 保持自然平衡 14.make an effort to do sth.努力做某事 话题句式 1.(2023·浙江卷1月满分作文)Last weekend， I participated in a “Getting to Know the Plants Around Us” activity organised by our Students' Union. 上周末我参加了校学生会组织的“认识我们身边的植物”活动。 2.Many trees are being cut down and more and more forests are lost，making animals lose their homes to live in. 许多树木正在被砍伐，越来越多的森林消失，这使得动物们失去了它们赖以生存的家园。 3.The number of wild animals decreases year by year so it's high time we took action to protect them. 野生动物的数量每年都在下降，所以到了我们采取措施保护它们的时候了。 层级式精练——核心要点全练通 层级一　基础达标 Ⅰ.重点词汇题组练 1.harm n.& vt.损害；危害 ①Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer，which is very____________ (harm) to their health. ②众所周知，观看暴力电视节目真的对孩子有害。 →As we know，watching violence on TV really___________________.(harm vt.) →As we know，watching violence on TV really_________________.(harm n.) →As we know，watching violence on TV_______________children.(harmful adj.) 2.mercy n.仁慈；宽恕；怜悯 ①He was such a cruel man that he showed no mercy__________others. ②__________the mercy of the strong wind， the little trees on the top of the mountain couldn't stand up straight. ③The mother asked the judge to have mercy_____________her son. ④她是一个心地善良的女人，常常怜悯那些陷入困境的人。 She was a kind­hearted woman and often_______________people who were in trouble. 3.protect...from ...保护……不受……(危害) ①We should devote ourselves to protecting these animals from____________ (die) out. ②We use your email address to confirm your identity and protect you against____________ (cheat). ③已采取许多有效的措施来保护这些动物免于灭绝。 Many effective measures have been taken________________________________. Ⅱ.话题词汇快速练 1.Wear clothes that provide adequate_____________(protect) against the wind and rain. 2.The_____________(extinct) of a species of animal or plant is the death of all its remaining living members. 3.It is really very dangerous.One more step，__________the baby will fall into the well. 4.The traffic accidents in the city decreased__________30% last year. 5.The____________ (disappear) of the wolves had many unexpected results. 6.In the US，__________(distant) is measured in miles. 7.The society was set up to preserve____________ (endanger) species from extinction. 8.Water is not an effective shield against the sun's more____________(harm) rays. Ⅲ.话题写作能力练 1.我们应该保护野生动物，实现人与自然和谐共处！ We should________________________________ between man and nature！ 2.所有动物和植物都很重要，因为每个物种在维持生命方面发挥着重要作用。 All animals and plants are important， because each species________________________________. 3.野生动物数量减少的原因是它们的栖息地遭到严重破坏。 The reason__________________________________________is that their living places have been badly destroyed. 层级二　能力提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·济南高三考试)Valerie Bolduc is exploring a path under a four­lane highway to fit wildlife cameras when she gets stuck in the mud.“I am really stuck，”says the road ecology student，trying to pull her feet out of a streambed that travels through the concrete culvert(涵洞)of Quebec Route 117.“I do not want to be a deer going through that.” Bolduc's dilemma makes the risks for wild animals using the same path evident. A warming climate is pushing many animals to migrate toward higher latitudes(纬度地区) to remain within their desirable environments，but that comes with risks as they cross dangerous areas，such as highways.In eastern Canada，Bolduc and other researchers and conservationists are trying to preserve safe corridors (走廊) for wildlife. The motion­activated cameras they have brought will record which species are using the tunnel.An outward­facing camera will identify what animals approach but do not enter，perhaps prevented by traffic noise，the tunnel's size or other factors. Bolduc explains that this highway running through southern Quebec separates a series of Canadian national and regional parks on either side，along with their animal populations.“It's super important，”she notes，“because the animals want to move north and they encounter these and then can they move through？Will they get hit by a car？We'll need to figure that out.And we need to help them.At least I want to help them.” After finishing fitting their cameras on the northbound side of the highway，Bolduc and her team decide they need an alternate path to the other side to avoid another misfortune in the mud.“We're generally trying to be safe，”Bolduc says，“but for the animals，this is their life！” 1.What can we infer from Bolduc's experience of being trapped？ A.It is difficult to fit wildlife cameras. B.She is out of luck during the exploration. C.Road conditions of the highway are unexpected. D.It is dangerous for wild animals to cross this area. 2.What do these animals move to higher latitudes for？ A.Less traffic noise. B.A warmer climate. C.Safe corridors. D.Favorable environments. 3.What function is expected of the wildlife cameras？ A.To record the changes in traffic flow. B.To figure out difficulties wild animals face. C.To track animals in and around the tunnels. D.To photograph the living environment of wild animals. 4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text？ A.High Tech Protects Wildlife B.Animal Migration Is Under Threat C.Ecologists Fear the Future of Wildlife D.Researchers Seek Paths for Animals to Migrate B (2024·嘉兴市高三测试)Some penguins (企鹅) adapt their calls to become more similar to their partners over time，an ability that was previously known in only a few species，including humans. Luigi Baciadonna at the University of Turin，Italy，and his coworkers recorded African penguins from three different colonies (群体) over three years，and also observed the behavioral patterns of one of the colonies to see which penguins were partners or friendly. They then analyzed specific vocal (嗓音的) calls，which the penguins made when they were alone or trying to keep track of their friends.They compared four distinct vocal signatures such as the frequency of the calls.The signatures became more similar over time for penguins that were partners or in the same colony，and for penguins that heard more of each other's calls. This adaptation could make it easier for penguins to find their partners and friends in a colony.“Imagine that you are in a pub，that you are with your friends and that your environment is quite noisy，”says Baciadonna.“What you do is try to talk in a certain way so that your communication is more effective.” The ability to adapt calls in response to the environment，known as vocal accommodation，is a key part of vocal learning，a more complex set of skills such as producing new sounds through learning.Identifying which species display vocal accommodation could provide clues to how vocal learning developed.Baciadonna and his team also propose that this accommodation could help with group harmony and social bonds between individual penguins. The distance of penguins from humans on the evolutionary tree suggests that vocal accommodation could be common to many species，but a lot more data needs gathering first.“There could be a huge variety of different species that are able to adapt their calls slightly，but we don't know that yet，”says Sara Torres Ortiz at the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology. 5.What does the underlined word “signatures” mean in Paragraph 3？ A.Effects. B.Characteristics. C.Sources. D.Adjustments. 6.What is the intention of the quotes from Baciadonna in Paragraph 4？ A.To explain the reason why penguins adapt their calls. B.To highlight the role communication plays in social life. C.To prove humans' ability to recognize each other's voices. D.To stress the difference between human and animal sounds. 7.What remains to be explored according to Sara Torres Ortiz？ A.Whether penguins can promote group harmony. B.Whether all species can adapt to the environment. C.Whether more species display vocal accommodation. D.Whether penguins and humans are similar in vocal learning. 8.What is the main idea of the text？ A.Vocal learning involves a complex set of skills. B.Vocal accommodation helps build up social bonds. C.Penguins produce similar sounds even in different colonies. D.Penguins adapt their accents to sound more like their partners. Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·雅礼中学高三压轴) Jarrell Little was testing his mountain bike road outside of Columbus， Georgia， when his riding partner， Chris Dixon， stopped suddenly.Something in the distance ____1____ among the trees caught her attention.It ____2____ to be a sandy­colored five­month­old Great Dane mix. He was skinny， and had a lot of road rash and a ____3____ leg.The cyclists fed the friendly pup and ____4____ their water.They were more than seven miles from ____5____ and riding bikes.“We couldn't ____6____ him，” Little told his partner.He ____7____ picked up his new friend and slipped the dog's hind legs into the back pockets of his cycling jersey.Then he put the dog's ____8____ paws over his shoulders. The 30­minute ride into town ____9____ at a bike store， where they got more water and ____10____ for the dog.That was when Andrea Shaw， a woman from Maine in town on business， ____11____ by.The dog made a beeline(直奔) for her， licking her.Shaw was ____12____ and， after learning what had happened， declared her ____13____： I am keeping this dog. Shaw called him Columbo ____14____ the town where they'd met and scheduled an operation on his leg.Today， Columbo is living the high ____15____ on a farm with a horse， a pony， a six­year­old boy， and two coon dogs to keep him company. 1.A.calling B.moving C.standing D.sleeping 2.A.turned out B.looked C.found out D.figured 3.A.dirty B.broken C.burnt D.beaten 4.A.shared B.drank C.poured D.finished 5.A.school B.home C.village D.downtown 6.A.take B.carry C.leave D.keep 7.A.quickly B.carefully C.natural D.finally 8.A.front B.other C.hurt D.injured 9.A.turned B.reached C.arrived D.ended 10.A.medicine B.care C.food D.rest 11.A.happened B.made C.stopped D.moved 12.A.excited B.touched C.shocked D.annoyed 13.A.luck B.wish C.intention D.mind 14.A.at B.in C.from D.after 15.A.friendship B.way C.life D.chance 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 语境29　自然生态(二)　人与动植物 层级式精练 层级一　基础达标 Ⅰ. 1.①harmful　②harms children　does harm to children/does children harm　is really harmful to 2.①to　②At　③on　④had mercy on/showed mercy to 3.①dying　②being cheated　③to protect those animals from dying out Ⅱ. 1.protection　2.extinction　3.and　4.by 5.disappearance　6.distance　7.endangered　8.harmful Ⅲ. 1.protect wild animals and realize harmonious coexistence 2.plays an important role in maintaining life　3.why the number of the wildlife is decreasing 层级二　能力提升 Ⅰ. A 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。Valerie Bolduc及其他研究人员通过安装动作感应摄像机为动物迁徙寻找路径。 1.D　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，Bolduc的困境清楚地说明了走同一条路的野生动物的风险。由此可推知，野生动物穿过这个地区是危险的。 2.D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“A warming climate...desirable environments”可知，气候变暖正迫使许多动物向高纬度地区迁徙，以留在它们理想的环境中。由此可知，这些动物迁移到高纬度地区是为了有利的环境。 3.C　推理判断题。根据第四段可知，他们带来的动作感应摄像机将记录哪些物种正在使用隧道；朝外的摄像头将识别哪些动物靠近但没有进入。由此可以推知，野生动物摄像机的功能是追踪隧道内外的动物。 4.D　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“Valerie Bolduc is exploring...wildlife cameras”和第三段中的“In eastern Canada...corridors(走廊)for wildlife.”可知，本文主要讲的是Valerie Bolduc及其他研究人员通过安装动作感应摄像机为动物迁徙寻找路径，因此D项作本文标题最佳。 B 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。随着时间的推移，一些企鹅会调整它们的叫声，使之与它们的伴侣更加相似，这种能力以前只在包括人类在内的少数物种中被发现，而现在研究人员认为可能许多物种都具有声音调整能力。 5.B　词义猜测题。本段中的“specific vocal (嗓音的) calls”和“compared four distinct”以及“such as the frequency of the calls”是解题的关键，语境为他们分析了企鹅在独处或试图与朋友保持联系时发出的特定叫声，他们比较了四种不同的声音特征，如呼叫的频率，故B项正确。 6.A　细节理解题。根据第四段内容尤其是第一句话“This adaptation could make it easier for penguins to find their partners and friends in a colony.”可知，引用Baciadonna的话的目的是解释企鹅调整自己的叫声是为了更容易地在一个群体中找到它们的伴侣和朋友，故选项A正确。且第一句中的“adaptation”与选项A中的“adapt”相呼应。 7.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段Sara Torres Ortiz所说的话“There could be a huge...but we don't know that yet”可知，Sara Torres Ortiz认为可能还有很多物种能够轻微地调整它们的叫声，只是我们还不知道，所以有待于我们去探索，故选项C正确。 8.D　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，此篇文章主要讲述了企鹅可以调整自己的声音以便与它们的伴侣更加相似，最后说明声音的调整可能发生在很多其他物种身上，故选项D正确。 Ⅱ. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。Jarrell Little和搭档去测试山地自行车时，发现一条腿受伤的小狗。他们把它带回市中心，碰巧遇到了女士Shaw，小狗和女士很投缘，所以女士决定养它，并以这个小镇的名字给小狗取名。现在小狗在伙伴们的陪同下在农场里过着幸福的生活。 1.B　根据下文的“He 　7　 picked up his new friend and slipped the dog's hind legs into the back pockets”可知，Little看到的是小狗，故此处用“移动”符合语境。 2.A　结合上下文可知，此处是指最终发现那个在树丛中移动的东西是一条狗，故用“证明是”符合语境。 3.B　根据下文的“they'd met and scheduled an operation on his leg”可知，狗的腿需要做手术，故推测他的腿受伤了。 4.A　结合句意可知，此处是指骑车的人把自己带的少量水分出来给这条小狗，故用“分享”符合语境。 5.D　根据下文的“The 30­minute ride into town 　9　 at a bike store”可知，他们骑了30分钟才到市中心，故此处用“市中心”符合语境。 6.C　根据下文的“He 　7　 picked up his new friend and slipped the dog's hind legs into the back pockets of his cycling jersey.”可知，他们带着这条小狗，故此处用“不能留下他”符合语境。 7.B　根据前文可知，狗的腿受了伤，故此处用“小心地抱起他”符合语境。 8.A　根据前文的“slipped the dog's hind legs into the back pockets of his cycling jersey”可知，此处用“前爪”符合语境和逻辑。 9.D　结合上下文可知，此处是指他们骑了30分钟后到了一家自行车修理店，主语是30­minute“三十分钟骑行”与arrive at不搭配，故用“结束”符合语境。 10.C　根据上文的“The cyclists fed the friendly pup”可知，他们给这条小狗喂过吃的，故此处用“更多食物”符合语境。 11.A　结合句意可知，这位女士的经过是一个偶然，故用“碰巧经过”符合语境。 12.B　根据下文的“I am keeping this dog.”可知，此处用“感动”符合语境。 13.C　根据下文的“I am keeping this dog.”可知，这是Shaw的打算。 14.D　结合句意可知，此处考查短语call...after...“以……的名义来命名”。 15.C　结合上下文可知，此处是指小狗在女士的照顾和同伴的陪同下生活得很快乐。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$