语境27 社会热点-【高考领航】2025年高考英语一轮复习微专题速练

语境27　社会热点 层级式精练 层级一　基础达标 Ⅰ. 1.①for　②on　③take my interests and career plans into account 2.①refusing　②with　③Accused　④Accused of/Charged with stealing things in the shop 3.①with　②against　③to　④you care a lot more about how they react Ⅱ. 1.reaction　2.existence　3.circulating 4.accomplishment　5.with　6.to communicate 7.Occasionally　8.construction Ⅲ. 1.have better access to health care　2.violate the laws of nature　3.The burden of students has been a hot topic for recent years 层级二　能力提升 Ⅰ. A 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了可持续发展已经渗透到了人们生活中的各个方面，也改变了人们的思维、购物和生活方式。那么如何在科技领域实现可持续发展的目标呢？作者对此给出了两种方法。 1.B　写作意图题。根据“One of the biggest topics of the last decade...to protect the planet.”及第二段“So what does that mean for the world of technology？”可推断，作者写第一段的目的是引出本文的主题：如何在科技领域实现可持续发展的目标。 2.C　段落大意题。由第二段内容可推知，第二段主要介绍了科技领域出现的两个(阻碍)可持续发展的问题。 3.A　词义猜测题。根据画线短语后半句“there's been a huge surge in demand for renewed tech”和While可知，前后表示转折。由此可推断消费者以前对二手设备的想法持反对态度。所以turn their noses up at应意为“反对”。 4.B　推理判断题。根据第三段“As customers aren't...lower than average.”可知，在Raylo公司，消费者不需要购买手机，只需要每月支付较低的月租费用。 B 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了朱有勇教授在云南为扶贫事业所做的努力。他带领其团队致力于农业科学研究，推出了晚季土豆来帮助农民脱贫致富。 5.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Everyone laughed because ...during his two minutes.”可知，朱有勇教授在团体访谈时显得特别是因为他在记者面前展示了一个大土豆。 6.A　词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“which was used to test the idea of growing a late-season potato crop”可知，这个项目被用来测试种植晚季土豆的想法，因此这个项目是试验性的。 7.D　细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Success soon arrived，with about 3.1 tonnes of potatoes...about 9，000 yuan.”可知，他帮助农民脱贫的方式是推出一种晚季土豆。 8.C　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本篇主要介绍了朱有勇教授在云南为扶贫事业所做的努力。他带领其团队致力于农业科学研究，推出了晚季土豆来帮助云南省的农民脱贫致富。 Ⅱ. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论人们在年老之后更加快乐、更少担心。 1.D　设空处位于第二段最后一句，设空前一句说了研究团队关于压力水平的发现，即最高的压力水平出现在哪些年龄段，所以该空可能与压力水平的下降有关。故选D。 2.G　该空前一句说的是随着年龄变大，男人和女人有相似的情绪模式，所以此处应接着说基于男女对比的研究发现。故选G。 3.A　空处位于句首，根据后面的解释(一个理论认为，人变老时会变得对他们所拥有的事物更加感激，而且能更好地控制情绪)可知，A项“那么为什么幸福感会随着年龄增加？”符合语境。故选A。 4.E　空处位于句首，根据后面的内容可知，人们到了80多岁的时候，睡眠质量问题最少，这是随着变老出现的又一个好处。故选E。 5.F　前一句说，有个流行的观点认为，随着年龄的增长，睡眠问题应该增加。而空后“But”表转折，故可推知此空和前一句为顺承关系，应与睡眠问题的增加有关，故选F。 Ⅲ. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。中国推出的碳交易市场使中国受益匪浅，目前中国已成为世界上最大的碳交易市场，该项目证明了它在激励企业以较低成本减排方面的价值，但中国需要进一步努力，让市场平稳运行并提高碳排放数据的质量。 1.an　考查冠词。此处考查常用短语play an important role in...，意为“在某方面起重要作用”，其中“important”的发音以元音音素开头，其前冠词为an。故填an。 2.development　考查名词。根据空前的“the”以及后面的“of”可知，空处应填名词，动词develop的名词形式为development，故填development。 3.were established　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。over 1，800 (companies)与动词establish之间为被动关系，且前者表示复数概念，又根据后面的时间状语可知此处应用一般过去时。故填were established。 4.on　考查介词。表示具体的某一天，应用介词on。 5.nationally　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作状语，故填副词nationally。 6.largest　考查形容词最高级。根据句意和该句中的“world's”可知，空处应填large的最高级形式largest。句意：那使得中国成为世界上最大的碳交易市场。 7.that/which　考查定语从句。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，该空引导定语从句修饰先行词companies，先行词指物，该空在定语从句中作主语，故填that/which。 8.falling　考查从句的省略。该句为省略了从句主语they和谓语are的省略句，补充完整应为If they are falling short。 9.to reduce　考查非谓语动词。此处考查motivate的用法，motivate...to do sth.为常见用法，意为“激励……做某事”，故填to reduce。句意：该项目已经证明了它在激励企业以较低成本减排方面的价值。 10.and　考查连词。句中improve、get以及enhance为并列动词，故填and。句意：然而，官员们表示，中国需要进一步努力，以完善支持体系，让市场平稳运行，并提高碳排放数据的质量。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 语境27　社会热点 清单式背诵——基础知识排查记 话题词汇 1.accomplish vt.完成；实现 accomplishment n.完成；实现 2.account n.描述，叙述；报道；账户 v.说明；解释；认为 3.accuse/charge vt.& vi.控告；指责 4.alternative adj.可替代的；两者择一的 5.associate vt.联想；联系 n.同伴；伙伴 association n.联系；联盟；协会 6.bargain n.便宜货 7.budget n.预算；开支 8.chemical­free adj.不含化学物质的；有机的 9.circulate vt.& vi.传播；传阅 10.commerce n.商业；贸易 commercial adj.商业的 11.condition n.情况 12.construction n.建筑 13.consume v.消耗；花费 14.deadline n.最后期限 15.downtown adj.商业区的；市中心的 16.ever­increasing adj.不断增长的 17.exist vi.存在；生存 existence n.存在；生存 18.fine vt.处以……罚款 n.罚款 19.guarantee v.保证；担保 20.harmonious adj.和谐的；协调的 harmony n.和谐 21.occasion n.时机；机会；场合 occasional adj.偶然的 occasionally adv.偶然地；偶尔 22.react v.反应 reaction n.反应；回应 23.violate vt.违犯，违反；侵犯 violation n.违反 24.win­win adj.双赢的 话题词块 1.arouse wide public concern/draw wide public attention 引起广泛的公众关注 2.boost/promote the economic growth/development 极大地推动经济发展 3.deepen reform 深化改革 4.drunk driving 酒驾 5.environment­friendly resources 环保资源 6.food/public security 食品/公共安全 7.have access to...有使用……的权利(机会) 8.lay a solid foundation for...为……打下坚实的基础 9.online education 网络教育 online payment网络支付 10.pave the way for 为……铺平道路 11.release a new song 发布新歌 12.save energy 节约能源 13.see dramatic breakthroughs 取得突破性进展 14.voluntary labor 义务劳动 话题句式 1.An increasing number of experts are convinced that migrant workers will exert positive effects on the construction of a city. 越来越多的专家相信外来务工人员将会对一座城市的建设起到积极的作用。 2.Knowing you are interested in the great changes of our countryside，I'm proud to share with you some information concerning the Rural Reconstruction. 知道你对我们的乡村的巨大变化感兴趣，我很自豪与你分享一些有关新农村建设的信息。 3.Accordingly/Consequently/Therefore/Thus/Hence，it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that people are more and more aware of the importance of the protection of the environment. 因此，不难得出结论：人们越来越意识到环境保护的重要性了。 层级式精练——核心要点全练通 层级一　基础达标 Ⅰ.重点词汇题组练 1.account n.描述，叙述；报道；账户 v.说明；解释；认为 ①It is said that body language accounts__________55 percent of a first impression while what you say just 7 percent. ②He is in a state of deep depression__________account of his failure in the exam. ③选专业的时候，我需要考虑我的兴趣和职业规划。 When choosing my major， I need to________________________. 2.accuse/charge vt.& vi.控告；指责 ①He accused the government of____________ (refuse) to face facts about the economy. ②The shopkeeper was charged__________cheating customers in commodity trades. ③__________(accuse) of stealing money， the man was brought to court. ④那位女士被指控偷了商店里的东西，她站在那里，羞愧地垂着头。(读后续写之情感描写) ________________________________________， the lady stood there， hanging her head in shame. 3.react v.反应 ①Which of the metals in the table reacts the most____________ oxygen and water？ ②Children tend to react__________their parents by going against their wishes. ③How did the audience react__________his lecture？ ④当你与朋友分享故事时，你会更加在意他们是如何反应的。 When you share a story with your friends，______________________. Ⅱ.话题词汇快速练 1.He was surprised that his question should have caused such a strong__________(react). 2.The theory supposes the_____________(exist) of life on other planets. 3. The condition prevents the blood from____________ (circulate) freely. 4. Your suggestion has greatly contributed to the_____________(accomplish) of our work. 5.The man who had taken charge of the company was charged____________ taking drugs. 6.The Internet also provides us with a cheap alternative____________(communicate) with others. 7.__________(occasion)， I would read a novel that was assigned， but I didn't enjoy this type of reading. 8.He had been out of work for half a year， and eventually he found work on a_____________(construct) site. Ⅲ.话题写作能力练 1.人们有了比过去更便捷的医疗保障，结果，人们的寿命更长了。 People____________________________than they used to， and they're living longer as a result. 2.如果我们违背了自然规律，我们必须承担严重的后果。 If we____________________， we will have to take the serious consequences. 3.近年来学生负担一直是一个热点话题，但是家长的负担很少有人注意，尤其是来自自己孩子的负担。 _________________________________________， but the load of parents has received little attention， especially from their own children. 层级二　能力提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·安庆第一中学高三模拟)One of the biggest topics of the last decade， sustainability has become the beacon (灯塔) of hope to protect the planet.From supermarkets taking action on plastic packaging to the zero waste movement that can be practised from your kitchen， changes made by individuals and organizations across the globe have had an impact on the way we think， shop and live. So what does that mean for the world of technology？ You'd be forgiven for thinking that the words “sustainable” and “tech” don't usually go hand in hand.E­waste is， after all， one of the planet's biggest contributing waste streams.Not only that， but the materials that go into tech products are also part of the problem. But with a challenge comes an opportunity， and there's already some brilliant progress happening—great news for those of us wanting to be more sustainable with our tech.Firstly， renewed is having its moment.While consumers would previously turn their noses up at the idea of a second­hand device， there's been a huge surge in demand for renewed tech.The second major step in tackling the problem of e­waste is a change in attitudes from owning a product to subscribing for one.A subscription for a smartphone might sound like a foreign concept， but it's already gaining momentum.At the forefront of this movement is London—based tech startup Raylo， a pending B Corp which offers a subscription service for the latest iPhone.As customers aren't paying to own the phone at the end of their contract， the monthly price is significantly lower than average. Studies show that extending a phone's lifespan from one to four years can decrease its environmental impact by about 40%.So the next time it comes to refreshing your device—whether a smartphone， laptop， tablet or something else—consider the more environmentally­friendly options that are at your fingertips. 1.What's the purpose of Paragraph 1？ A.To change the way we think， shop， and live. B.To introduce the topic of sustainability in tech. C.To tell us what people have done to protect the planet. D.To call on people to do something for the environment. 2.What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about？ A.High­tech products are in short supply. B.E­waste contributes to the biggest waste streams. C.The two sustainability problems in technology. D.Ignoring sustainable technology is unforgivable. 3.Which of the following best explains “turn their noses up at” underlined in Paragraph 3？ A.Oppose. B.Present. C.Explain. D.Accept. 4.How can we become sustainable in technology according to Raylo？ A.By upgrading the old one. B.By paying monthly for a smartphone. C.By spending less money on a smartphone. D.By replacing the old one with the latest one. B In the Great Hall of the People in Beijing，hundreds of journalists were holding lights，cameras and voice recorders as they tried to find strategic positions at group interviews. Each speaker was allowed only a short time.Everyone laughed because Professor Zhu Youyong carried along a big potato during his two minutes. “Farmers in China's poor areas can rely on agricultural science to strive for a well-off life，” said the 63-year-old plant-disease expert. Professor Zhu is nicknamed “potato scholar”.Born into a family of farmers in Yunnan，Zhu said he has an attachment to the land.Since 2016，Zhu's team has promoted agricultural science in Lancang，Yunnan Province. Zhu said farmers in the area only planted rice once a year.After the harvest，the rice fields stayed unused for the entire winter.In 2016，his team launched a pilot program，which was used to test the idea of growing a late-season potato crop. Success soon arrived，with about 3.1 tonnes of potatoes harvested in a field covering just 0.07 hectare，which brought income to farmers of about 9，000 yuan.Then in 2017，Zhu expanded cultivation (栽培) in several villages in the county，benefiting more than 1，000 families. “We have set a goal of helping every poor farmer in the county to earn 10，000 yuan out of 0.07 hectare of farmland cultivated each winter，so as to lift farmers out of poverty (贫困)，” Zhu said. “Ultimately，I am a farmer.Going back to the fields and seeing how my research changed the lives of farmers in China is the most important thing to me，” he said. 5.Why did Professor Zhu appear special at the group interviews？ A.He was nicknamed “potato scholar”. B.He presented a big potato before the journalists. C.He occupied a good position for the interview. D.He was allowed to speak for a longer time. 6.What does the underlined word “pilot” in Paragraph 5 probably mean？ A.Experimental. B.Advanced. C.Modern. D.Effective. 7.How did Professor Zhu help the farmers to relieve from poverty？ A.By controlling plant diseases. B.By increasing the rice harvest. C.By expanding local farmland. D.By introducing a kind of late-season potato. 8.What is the text mainly about？ A.The research of Professor Zhu in biological science. B.The contribution of Professor Zhu in potato marketing. C.The efforts of Professor Zhu to fight poverty in Yunnan. D.The dream of Professor Zhu to beautify the countryside. Ⅱ.阅读七选五 (2024·豫北名校高三联考)Are people less or more happy when they get older？ A study in 2018 found that people generally became happier and experienced less worry after the age of 50.In fact， it found that by the age of 85， people were happier with their life than they were at 18. Arthur Stone in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science at Stony Brook University in New York led the study.His team found that levels of stress were the highest among adults between the ages of 22 and 25.____1____ Happiness was the highest among the youngest adults and those in their early 70's.But the people least likely to report feeling negative emotions were those in their 70's and 80's.The survey also found that men and women had similar emotional patterns as they grew older.____2____ The researchers also considered possible influences like having young children， being unemployed or being single.But they found that influences like these did not affect the levels of happiness and well­being related to age. ____3____ One theory is that， as people get older， they become more thankful for what they have and have better control of their emotions.They also spend less time thinking about bad experiences. ____4____ In another study， people in their 80's reported the fewest problems with the quality of their sleep.The original goal was to confirm the popular belief that aging is connected with increased sleep problems.____5____But except for that， people reported that they felt their sleep quality improved as they got older. A.So why will happiness increase with age？ B.Researchers surveyed more than 150，000 American adults. C.At that time， the people were between the age of 18 and 25. D.Stress levels dropped sharply after people reached their 50's. E.Happiness is not the only thing that apparently improves with age. F.The survey did find an increase during middle age， especially in women. G.However， women at all ages reported more sadness， stress and worry than men. Ⅲ.语法填空 (2024·嘉兴市高三测试)China has seen great benefits since the launch of its carbon trading market. The program has played 1.__________important role in raising low­carbon awareness.Although it only gets the power generation industry involved now，the initiative of pricing carbon emissions (排放物) has boosted the 2.__________(develop) of carbon­related services in industries beyond.Right now more than 9，800 companies are providing such services，of which over 1，800 3.__________(establish) two years ago. Carbon trading is the process of buying and selling permits to send out greenhouse gases.Opened 4.__________July 16，2021，the market now includes 5.__________(national) 2，162 power­generating companies，covering about 4.5 billion tons of carbon emissions.That has made China the world's 6.__________(large) market for carbon trading.The program puts carbon emission limits on every unit of electricity a power plant generates.After each cycle of trading，companies 7.__________have leftover carbon allowances (限额) can sell them to others.If 8.__________(fall) short，they'll have to buy allowances. The program has proven its value in motivating companies 9.__________(reduce) emissions at a lower cost.However，officials say China needs to make further efforts to improve the support systems，get the market to run smoothly 10.__________enhance the quality of carbon emission data. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$