语境15 社会与文化(二) 传统节日-【高考领航】2025年高考英语一轮复习微专题速练

语境15　社会与文化(二)　传统节日 清单式背诵——基础知识排查记 话题词汇 1.anniversary n.周年纪念 2.arrange vt.& vi.安排；筹划 arrangement n.排列，布置；安排；约定，协议 3.decorate vt.& vi.装饰；修饰 decoration n.装饰；修饰 4.feast n.节日；宴会 5.festival n.节日 6.firecracker n.鞭炮；爆竹 7.gather vt.& vi.聚集；集合；搜集 8.harvest n.& vt.收割；收获(物) 9.inform vt.告诉；通知 information n.信息；资料 10.mark n.标记；痕迹 vt.做记号 11.marriage n.结婚；婚姻 married adj.已婚的 marry v.(使)成婚；结婚 12.origin n.起源 original adj.原始的；最初的 13.picnic n.& v.野餐 14.pleasant adj.令人愉快的；舒适的 15.popularity n.流行；受欢迎 16.reunion n.团圆 17.symbol n.象征 18.treasure n.金银财宝；财富 v.珍视；重视 19.typical adj.典型的；有代表性的 20.unite vi.团结；联合 vt.使……团结；使……联合 21.unpleasant adj.不高兴的 22. vacation n.假期 23.variety n.多样性；变化；种类 various adj.各种各样的；不同的 vary v.使不同；变化 24.worldwide adj.遍及全世界的；世界性的 话题词块 1.celebrate an anniversary 庆祝周年纪念日 2.date back to/from 追溯到 3.draw near/around the corner 临近；靠近 4.dress up 打扮；装饰 5.enjoy the full moon together 一起欣赏满月 6.get together 聚会 7.set off fireworks 放烟火 8.watch the dragon boat race 观看龙舟比赛 9.in memory of 纪念 10.hold a variety of activities 举办各种各样的活动 11.have a party/get together 聚会 12.family reunion 家庭团聚 13.with the Spring Festival drawing near/around the corner/approaching 随着春节的临近 14.exchange gifts 交换礼物 话题句式 1.With the beautiful moon in the sky，we sit together and eat moon cakes and fruits，sharing our stories. 美丽的月亮挂在天上，我们坐在一起，吃着月饼和水果，分享着我们的故事。 2.Our class is planning to cycle the West Lake to watch the dragon boat race on May 30，when the Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated nationwide. 我们班计划5月30日骑自行车去西湖观看龙舟赛，那时全国范围内庆祝端午节。 3.In addition，you will have a chance to learn how to make dumplings，which is a typical Chinese custom，where I believe you are sure to have great fun. 此外，你们将有机会学习如何包饺子，这是中国典型的习俗，我相信你一定会从中感受到很多快乐。 层级式精练——核心要点全练通 层级一　基础达标 Ⅰ.重点词汇题组练 1.arrange vt.& vi.安排；筹划 ①They arranged for a soldier__________(show) us around their military base. ②Many people have expressed their dissatisfaction with the____________ (arrange). ③我想告诉你，我和我的同学已安排好下周六重阳节去拜访附近的敬老院。 I'd like to tell you that my classmates and I________________________next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival. 2.inform vt.告诉；通知 ①Now，I am writing to inform you____________ some relevant details. ②On March 19，Dennis got a group text____________(inform) him that a couple he didn't know were at the hospital，waiting for the arrival of a baby. ③The boss asked his secretary to keep him well____________(inform) of the programme's progress. ④我很抱歉地告诉你，周末我不能和你外出了。(2021·北京卷道歉信) I'm sorry____________________ I will fail to go out with you this weekend. 3.vary v.使不同；变化 ①The Internet is rich in resources，_____________(vary) from basic telephone­number lookup pages to pages that allow you to download the music. ②In my free time， I'll continue to take regular exercise， such as swimming， running and__________(vary) ball games. ③As in China， the climate in Canada varies__________the area. ④不同的人对网络学习有不同的看法。(2021·全国乙卷发言稿) __________________________________________________________________ 4.date back to/from追溯到 中国饮茶文化源远流长，可以追溯到1000多年前。 ①Chinese tea­drinking culture has a long history_______________________.(定语从句) ②Chinese tea­drinking culture has a long history______________________.(分词作定语) Ⅱ.话题词汇快速练 1.The only wall_____________(decorate) are candles and a single mirror. 2.Her novels have gained in_____________(popular) over recent years. 3.When Mom looked back on the early days of their____________(marry)， she wondered how they had managed with so little money. 4.He turned on his computer in search of the_____________(inform) he wanted. 5.There were__________(vary) reasons why he decided to leave school. 6.The detailed__________(arrange) for the meeting are as follows. 7.Our__________(origin) plan was to go to Spain， but it was too expensive. 8.When I go to attend a meeting， I will dress________________. Ⅲ.话题写作能力练 1.最明显的例子可能就是新年了，世界各地的人都会庆祝新年。 The most obvious example is probably New Year's Day，__________________. 2.此外，在中国人们会举办各种各样的活动纪念屈原，比如龙舟赛、吃粽子等。 Besides， people in China________________________________to honour Qu Yuan， such as dragon boat race， eating zongzi and so on. 3.在除夕，家庭成员首先聚在一起吃大餐，然后他们在电视上看春节联欢晚会。 On the Eve of the Spring Festival， firstly， family members_________.Secondly， they watch the Spring Festival Gala on TV. 层级二　能力提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A La Tomatina，Spain Tomato juice flows through the streets of Bunol on the last Wednesday of August as the world's largest tomato fight happens.Festivities begin in the town square where there is a huge pole covered in soap and with a leg of ham at the top.Participants try to climb up the pole to get the ham as watchers throw buckets of water to them.After a gun is fired to signal the beginning of the fight，people catch the tomatoes and throw each other in the streets until the gun sounds again，marking the end of the event. Holi，India This spring festival is celebrated throughout the country in late February or early March.The two­day event celebrates the legend of Prahlad，who escaped unharmed from the fire of the evil Holika Dahan.People mark the event by lighting fires and throwing colored powder on one another.Children load colored water into toy pistols called pichkari and take aim at passers­by.Holi is known as a happy celebration of the triumph of good over evil. Burning Man，Nevada This infamous festival began in 1986 with the burning of a large figure to mark the summer solstice (夏至).It's since grown into a week­long annual event that draws more than 48，000 people to the Black Rock Dessert.It is held during the week before Labor Day.Participants set up camp in the desert to celebrate art. Songkran，Thailand This festival marks the Thai New Year，which is celebrated in the second week of April.This is the hottest time of the year in Thailand，so it makes sense that the biggest Songkran tradition is to throw water on people.Thais of all ages join in water fights，using buckets，hoses and water guns to celebrate the event. 1.The following celebrations are related to water EXCEPT_____________. A.La Tomatina B.Burning Man C.Holi D.Songkran 2.The underlined word “pichkari” is probably____________. A.a kind of gun B.a bad man C.fire D.powder 3.If you want to experience the hottest season in a country，you can choose to visit_____________. A.Spain B.Nevada C.India D.Thailand 4.The text is written mainly to_____________. A.encourage people to travel B.introduce some interesting festivals C.advertise the world's biggest parties D.show the most famous performances B (2024·长沙高三调研)The old Chinese saying “as happy as spending the New Year” might be outdated now in the busy modern world.The Spring Festival is regarded as the most important festival for Chinese people and an occasion for all family members to get together， like Christmas in the West.But many traditional customs accompanying the Spring Festival， however， have weakened in practice. Setting off fireworks was once the most typical custom of the Spring Festival.People thought the sputtering (爆裂) sound could help drive away evil spirits.However， the activity has been completely or partially forbidden in big cities for years as the government has taken security， noise and pollution factors into consideration. “In recent years， some cities have begun to allow people to light fireworks during limited hours at the Spring Festival， surrendering to (屈从于) public demand.Respecting folk traditions is a gesture of respect toward public opinion，” said Zhou Xing， a folklore researcher. “As people gain more income and it becomes easier to buy daily goods， the New Year holiday is just like any other.After long workdays， many people use the New Year holiday to take a rest， rather than visiting friends and neighbors.The process of making and enjoying the family dinner on Spring Festival Eve is the most important thing.However， many families would like to eat out to save time and energy，” said Li Shunzhi， a resident of Harbin， Heilongjiang. “I enjoy the holidays very much in the countryside.My family has been preparing for the Spring Festival more than two weeks before the holiday， cleaning the house， buying holiday goods and decorating the house with paper­cuttings.On New Year's Eve， the whole family stays up to see the New Year in， and in the days to follow， a series of activities such as lion dancing， dragon lantern dancing， lantern festivals and temple fairs will be held.Without the ancient traditions， the holiday is nothing to us，” said Zhang Hui， from Hebei. 5.Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage？ A.Setting off fireworks has been forbidden in some big cities for years. B.Nowadays， people can light fireworks in some cities at the Spring Festival. C.People believe that the sound of fireworks can drive away evil spirits. D.In the past， setting off fireworks couldn't be seen almost anywhere. 6.What Li Shunzhi said implies____________. A.what people do during the festival now is different from the past B.people would like to have the family dinner on Spring Festival Eve C.people prefer to visit friends and neighbors rather than take a rest D.the New Year holiday is just like any other day 7.What can we learn from the last paragraph？ A.Zhang Hui often spends two weeks preparing for the Spring Festival. B.Zhang Hui is used to spending the Spring Festival with his family. C.Zhang Hui always takes part in a series of activities after the Spring Festival. D.Zhang Hui lives in the urban area. 8.What does the whole passage show？ A.The Spring Festival is as lively as before. B.The Spring Festival is outdated now. C.The Spring Festival is losing its qualities. D.The Spring Festival in China is more important than Christmas in the West. Ⅱ.完形填空 It was an ordinary summer day in Goa，India.Walkers，shop owners and city cleaners went about their work，trying to ____1____ the extreme heat.At midday，a small group of children，together with volunteers，____2____ with three coolers filled with chilled juice and began offering the drink to everyone，free of cost.Soon every ____3____ was given away to the grateful passers­by.It was a simple act，but the children and the ____4____ they helped learned a valuable ____5____ —even a small act of giving can make a(n) ____6____. How could giving become so popular？If there's one thing that could make it ____7____，it's DaanUtsav.It is the ____8____ of a group of volunteers，who got together in 2004 and developed the ____9____ of a “national day of giving”. What began as____10____ an idea among a few people has today turned into a nationwide ____11____ with several millions raised in funds and 500 volunteers across 200 Indian cities ____12____ 1，500 to 2，000 programs and activities. This festival is ____13____ in that it shifts focus from the person receiving a gift to the act of ____14____.“We hope that in the future，DaanUtsav becomes a part of the festival calendar and we volunteers become ____15____ because people won't need to be persuaded to give，” a volunteer said. 1.A.reduce B.enjoy C.produce D.survive 2.A.came back B.showed up C.calmed down D.broke in 3.A.drop B.piece C.part D.pair 4.A.volunteers B.acquaintances C.friends D.strangers 5.A.class B.theory C.lesson D.truth 6.A.difference B.contribution C.improvement D.future 7.A.obvious B.similar C.believable D.possible 8.A.interest B.schedule C.brainchild D.mistake 9.A.idea B.opinion C.mind D.business 10.A.also B.almost C.just D.even 11.A.tradition B.movement C.incident D.battle 12.A.attending B.improving C.organizing D.praising 13.A.unique B.interesting C.available D.ordinary 14.A.saving B.leading C.sharing D.giving 15.A.qualified B.unnecessary C.potential D.enthusiastic 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 语境15　社会与文化(二)　传统节日 层级式精练 层级一　基础达标 Ⅰ. 1.①to show　②arrangement　③have arranged to visit the nearby nursing home 2.①of　②informing　③informed　④to inform you that 3.①varying　②various　③with　④Views on online learning vary from person to person. 4.① which dates from/back to more than 1，000 years ago　②dating from/back to more than 1，000 years ago Ⅱ. 1.decorations　2.popularity　3.marriage 4.information　5.various　6.arrangements 7.original　8.up Ⅲ. 1.which is celebrated around the world　2.will hold a variety of activities　3.get together and have big meals 层级二　能力提升 Ⅰ. A 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章向读者介绍了几个有趣的节日。 1.B　细节理解题。阅读这四个节日的介绍，根据La Tomatina，Spain中的“Participants try to climb up the pole to get the ham as watchers throw buckets of water to them.”；Holi，India中的“Children load colored water into toy pistols called pichkari and take aim at passers­by.”；Songkran，Thailand中的“so it makes sense that the biggest Songkran tradition is to throw water on people”可知，这三个节日都和水有关系，Burning Man，Nevada中没有介绍和水有关系，故选B。 2.A　词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“take aim at passers­by”可知，画线词是可以用来瞄准射击的，因 而推测pichkari是一种枪，故选A。 3.D　细节理解题。根据最后一段Songkran，Thailand中的介绍“This festival marks the Thai New Year，which is celebrated in the second week of April.This is the hottest time of the year in Thailand”(这个节日标志着泰国的新年，它在四月的第二个星期举办。这是泰国一年中最热的时间)可知，与题干中“想要体验一个国家中最热的季节可以去哪个国家”对应的答案为Thailand，故选D。 4.B　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章向我们介绍了几个有趣的节日，故本题选B。 B 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国春节的一些传统习俗在逐渐消失的现象以及人们对此现象的不同观点。 5.D　细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“Setting off fireworks was once the most typical custom of the Spring Festival.”可知，过去放鞭炮是过春节最典型的传统习俗，应该到处可见，故选D。 6.A　推理判断题。根据第四段的整体内容可推知，哈尔滨的一位居民所说的这段话是在感慨今昔过年的差异，故选A。 7.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“My family has been preparing for...”和“On New Year's Eve， the whole family stays up to see...”以及本段的整体内容可推知，张辉习惯和家人一起过春节，故选B。 8.C　主旨大意题。根据第一段的最后一句“But many traditional customs accompanying the Spring Festival， however， have weakened in practice.”， 并结合全文的整体内容可推知，本文主要讲述了中国春节的一些传统习俗在逐渐消失这一现象，故选C。 Ⅱ. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了印度的DaanUtsav节日。这个节日旨在帮助那些需要帮助的人。 1.D　根据下文DaanUtsav的志愿者和孩子们一起送来凉爽的果汁可知，此处表示人们尽力忍受夏天的高温。 2.B　根据“began offering the drink to everyone，free of cost”可推断出，此处指孩子们及志愿者一起出现了。 3.A　根据“...began offering the drink to everyone”可知，很快每一滴饮料都送给了路人。 4.D　根据“Soon every 　3　 was given away to the grateful passers­by.”可推断出，此处应指那些陌生的路人。 5.C　根据“even a small act of giving can make a(n) 　6　” 可知，人们学到了一个人生哲理：即使是微不足道的行为也能产生影响。 6.A　参考上题解析。 7.D　根据下文的介绍可推断出，正是DaanUtsav使给予成为可能。 8.C　根据“What began as 　10　 an idea among a few people”可知，DaanUtsav是一群志愿者想出来的主意。 9.A　这群志愿者在2004年聚在一起的时候提出了“全国赠与日”这一想法。 10.C　根据下文的“turned into a nationwide 　11　 with several millions raised in funds and 500 volunteers across 200 Indian cities 　12　 1，500 to 2，000 programs and activities”可知，最初这只是一些人的想法，后来它变成了一项大规模的运动，筹集了几百万元的资金并拥有超过500个志愿者，组织了1500至2000场活动。 11.B　参考上题解析。 12.C　参考第10题解析。 13.A　根据“in that it shifts focus from the person receiving a gift to the act of 　14　”可推断出，此处指这个节日的特别之处。 14.D　根据上文的“shifts focus from the person receiving a gift”可知，这个节日教人们给予，而不是索取。 15.B　根据下文“because people won't need to be persuaded to give”可知，志愿者希望DaanUtsav可以像其他节日一样被人们铭记，到那时候就不需要志愿者了，因为人们不需要劝说就会给予他人帮助。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$