语境6 健康的生活方式(二) 运动与健康-【高考领航】2025年高考英语一轮复习微专题速练

语境6　健康的生活方式(二)　运动与健康 清单式背诵——基础知识排查记 话题词汇 1.amateur adj.业余爱好的 n.业余爱好者 2.applaud vi.& vt.鼓掌欢迎；赞赏 applause n.鼓掌 3.breath n.气息；呼吸 breathe vi.呼吸 breathless adj.气喘吁吁的 4.cycle vi.骑自行车 cyclist n.骑自行车的人 5.desperate adj.绝望的 desperately adv.极其，非常；绝望地 6.endurance n.耐力 7.energy n.精力；能量 8.entrance n.入口；入场；进入的权利；入学许可 entry n.进入 9.event n.体育项目 10.exercise v.& n.锻炼；练习 11.frustrate vt.使灰心；使受挫 frustrated adj.受挫的；沮丧的 frustrating adj.使人不快的；令人沮丧的 frustration n.挫折；失望；失意 12.fun n.乐趣 13.game/competition n.比赛 14.injure vt.损害；伤害 injury n.伤害；受伤处 15.instruct vt.教导；通知；指示 instruction n.教导；说明；指示 [pl.]用户说明；操作手册 16.league n.联盟；社团 17.mentally adv.精神上 18.mild adj.轻微的；温和的；温柔的 mildly adv.轻微地；温和地 19.participant n.参与者；参加者 20.participate vi.参与；参加 participation n.参加；参与 21.physically adv.身体上 22.profession n.职业；专业 professional adj.专业的；职业的n.专业人员 23.prohibit v.禁止；阻止 prohibition n.禁止；禁令 24.refresh vt.& vi.(使)精神振作；(使)精力恢复 话题词块 1.be of benefit to...有益于…… 2.break the record 打破纪录 3.cheer sb.up/delight sb.使某人振奋/高兴 4.fall behind 落后 5.go all out 全力以赴 6.in good form 状态好 7.join a volleyball team 加入排球队 8.lose weight 减轻体重 9.out of breath 上气不接下气 10.sign up for 报名参加…… 11.sports meet/meeting 运动会 12.take an active part in 积极参加 13.take exercise 进行锻炼 14.work out 解决；锻炼 话题句式 1.Not only does exercise improve our health but also makes us cheerful and raises our learning efficiency. 锻炼不仅能改善我们的健康状况，而且使我们精神愉悦并提高学习效率。 2.It is worth mentioning that our volleyball team won the championship twice in national middle school volleyball matches. 值得一提的是，我们的排球队在全国中学生排球比赛中获得两次冠军。 3.We'd better take part in more outdoor activities instead of sitting in front of TV sets or computers for a long time，which is bad for our health. 我们最好多参加一些户外活动，而不是在电视或电脑前坐很长时间，这对我们的健康有害。 层级式精练——核心要点全练通 层级一　基础达标 Ⅰ.重点词汇题组练 1.injure vt.损害；伤害 ①It is reported that the__________(injure) have been transferred to local hospitals for treatment. ②There's no denying that the attack has done a severe__________(injure) to his reputation. ③但现在，由于我的左脚在足球比赛中受伤了，所以我不能按计划和你一起去。我写信真诚地向你表达我的歉意。 But now，_________________________________________________， I cannot go with you as planned.I'm writing to sincerely express my apology to you. 2.instruct vt.教导；通知；指示 ①I believe， under the__________(instruct) of their father， the children must be very sensible. ②The students need a teacher to instruct them__________(paint). ③It is the most__________(instruct) lecture that I have attended since I came to this school. ④Read the__________(instruct) on the bottle before taking the medicine. 3.participate vi.参与；参加 ①In addition， my friends and I can participate__________various activities without heavy study pressure. ②First and foremost， owing to the__________(participate) of more persons， the fairness of the voting can be guaranteed. ③通过参加文化节，我们建立了深厚的友谊。(2022·浙江卷1月电子邮件) ____________________________， we have developed a deep friendship. 4.prohibit v.禁止；阻止 ①Traffic regulations prohibit people____________ riding bicycles on the sidewalk. ②We prohibit____________ (smoke) in the office during working hours. ③我认为有必要禁止游客与动物拍照，从而为它们提供一个舒适的生活环境。 I think it necessary_________________________________________， making a comfortable environment for them to live in. 5.work out锻炼；计算出；解决(问题)；制订出(计划等)；(有预期的)结果 写出下列句中work out的含义 ①I suggested he work out a new plan but he didn't respond to it._____________ ②While my brothers are golfing， I usually work out in the gym._____________ ③We didn't plan our art exhibition， but it worked out well._____________ Ⅱ.话题词汇快速练 1.If you run very fast， you will lose your_____________(breathe). 2.Dale took his mother's advice， tried_____________(desperate) and after several attempts finally made it. 3.Two players are out of the team because of__________(injure). 4.The woman shouted to the shopkeeper， who answered her____________(mild). 5.There were so many people at the__________(enter) to the park waiting to buy tickets. 6.He is a__________(profession) artist； he lives by selling his pictures. 7.Cheer____________！ You will achieve your dream of becoming a writer sooner or later as long as you keep trying. 8.I can be a very strong and confident player when I'm____________ good form. Ⅲ.话题写作能力练 1.就我而言，跑步不仅是强身健体的好方法而且有助于我们放松心情，缓解学习压力。 As far as I'm concerned，running is_______________________ but also can help us relax and relieve the pressure of learning. 2.我是学校学生会主席李华，我写信的目的是想呼吁你们定期参加体育锻炼。 I'm Li Hua，Chairman of the Students' Union of our school，_________________________________. 3.我能感觉到她沉浸在巨大的悲伤中，这让我心碎。(which 引导非限制性定语从句) I could sense she was lost in enormous sadness，__________________. 4.我相信你的参与会提升我们的信心，这对我们的团队是有益的。 I believe your participation will raise our confidence， which____________ our team. 层级二　能力提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·南京高三考试)To figure out if we can die of boredom，we first have to understand what boredom is.For help，I called James Dankert，a psychologist who studies boredom at the University of Waterloo in Canada.“A lot of people think about being bored as being lazy.And it's absolutely not that，”he says.“Bored people want to engage with their world，eager to do something satisfying and exciting.But any attempt to do so fails.” That means boredom is usually very upsetting.And it can have physical consequences.In one of his experiments，Dankert made people extremely bored by showing them a video of two people hanging clothes to dry.He found that when people got bored，their hearts beat faster and their levels of a hormone called cortisol (皮质醇) went up，compared to when they watched another video that made them sad.These physical changes were signs that boredom was stressing them out.“It's not like having a full­on panic attack，”Dankert says.But it's certainly enough to make boredom unpleasant. Let's come back to the question if boredom can kill you.Back in the 1980s，scientists asked people who worked for the British government a whole bunch of questions，including how bored they felt in their daily lives.The study tracked the participants over time.When any one of them died，the survey recorded the cause of death.In 2010，two researchers matched up these causes of death with the participants' level of boredom.It turned out that people who said they were more bored were also more likely to have died of heart disease.“We know that prolonged exposure to stress is bad for our health，” Dankert says.A single boring day can't kill you.But if you're always bored，the stress could add up to something dangerous. “Oh no”，you might be thinking.“School is boring.My friends are boring.Everything is boring！What's going to happen to me？”Don't worry.Dankert says，“As you get older，you get less bored.It is mainly because you gain more independence and have to get busy to achieve your long­term goals.And trust me：That's anything but boring.” 1.According to James Dankert，people feel bored because____________. A.they are too lazy to do anything B.they can't gain excitement in life C.they are too frightened to have a try D.they can't fully understand boredom 2.What can we learn from Paragraph 2？ A.Doing housework will make people bored. B.People's heart rate increases with boredom. C.Physical changes can lead to extreme boredom. D.Watching something sad is a boring experience. 3.What does the underlined word “prolonged” in Paragraph 3 mean？ A.Continued. B.Repeated. C.Sudden. D.Active. 4.What does Dankert recommend to save people from boredom？ A.Depending on friends. B.Setting long­term goals. C.Keeping yourself occupied. D.Trusting people around you. B Scientists have revealed just how dangerous energy drinks can be， and can cause a sudden heart attack in some cases.While we all probably assumed that the large amounts of caffeine contained in these drinks probably weren't great for our health， a study has now explored how another common ingredient could be dangerous. Guarana， a plant­containing caffeine， is commonly used in energy drinks and can often lead to unexpected reactions when combined with other ingredients.In the case of energy drinks， guarana is often combined with ginseng (西洋参) or taurine(牛磺酸) to improve flavouring. A study explained the risk of sudden cardiac (心脏的) events in young people after consuming such drinks.They wrote： “It seems clear that energy drinks might lead to critical events relating to the heart and blood vessels in the young population， even some of which are unable to recover.” The scientists wrote that such drinks can lead to fatal events， with heart attacks often occurring without warning. A 2021 Australian study， published in the Nutrition Journal， surveyed 8，942 students aged from 12 to 17 years old.Of the sample， they found that eight percent of students reported drinking energy drinks at least once a week， while one in four students had consumed energy drinks at least once. While a study of a 21­year­old UK man was published in BMJ Case Reports in 2021， who had unexpectedly been experiencing kidney failure(肾衰竭).The report stated： “There was no significant past medical history and he had no family history of heart attacks.” However， the man had explained he had been drinking four 500 ML energy drinks a day for approximately two years—with each drink containing 160 mg of caffeine.The study added： “Given the history of long­term energy drink consumption， lack of significant past medical or family history，cardiac imaging (心脏影像) findings and improvement with ceasing intake， energy drink—caused cardiotoxicity(心脏毒性) was felt to be the most likely cause.” 5.Why is guarana used in energy drinks？ A.To improve people's health. B.To find out a new ingredient. C.To make drinks taste better. D.To test the unexpected reactions. 6.Which feature of cardiac events is NOT mentioned in Paragraph 3？ A.They can be irreversible. B.They can cause death. C.They give no warning signals. D.They widely occur in certain areas. 7.Why did the writer mention the example of a 21­year­old UK man？ A.To show the potential dangers of energy drinks. B.To advise people to focus on past family history. C.To ask people to stop their own bad habits. D.To experience the kidney failure when young. 8.What's the main idea of the passage？ A.Large amounts of caffeine are contained in drinks. B.Drinking energy drinks causes sudden heart attacks. C.People should pay more attention to cardiac health. D.Energy drinks are the most dangerous in our life. Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Many hear endlessly how good exercise is for our health，but you might be surprised to know just how good.____1____ It helps you breathe better. Frequent exercise improves the volume of oxygen you can use in your body.This is what makes you fit and the benefits aren't limited to sport.____2____ Attending some professional courses can build core strength and improve shape，and so strengthen breathing muscles. Physical activity enhances your mental health. Doing something active releases “happy” brain chemicals that make you more positive.The more you do it，the better you'll feel.But you do need to work up a bit of a sweat.If you've had a bad day，treat yourself to a little bit of exercise.____3____ ____4____ The way your guts (内脏) feel often impacts on your mental and physical health.Walking，running and yoga strengthen abdominal (腹部的)muscles，increase the heart rate and encourage your muscles to move digestive waste through your body more efficiently and digest food more quickly. Keeping active keeps you young. There may not be an elixir (灵丹妙药) of youth just yet，but keeping fit comes close.Just 15 minutes of exercise a day for eight years can increase your lifespan by three years.The more you do，the longer you could live.____5____ It can be low-intensity exercise—swimming，a gentle exercise，a long walk on a running machine at the gym，or a low-intensity workout via special APPs. A.It aids your digestion. B.It gives you a better appetite. C.Increased muscle strength helps too. D.Here are the benefits you can get from exercise. E.This is because physical activity delays cell ageing. F.People think this will catch our attention and inspire our action. G.Power walking or rope skipping is a brilliant stress reliever. Ⅲ.语法填空 Have you ever felt like you're too old or too late 1.__________(start)exercising？Well，you're not.And Ernestine Shepherd is proof of that.She 2._____________(declare)to be the oldest competitive female bodybuilder in the world by the Guinness Book of World Records in 2016 and 2017.Ernestine is over 80 years old now. When 3._____________(ask) what the secret to her success is，the granny says，“Discipline，4.__________(determine)，and of course hard work！Believe it or not，it was not until I was 56 years old 5.__________I took up exercising.I was a total couch potato then and suffered from serious diseases.One day，I went clothes shopping with my sister and while 6.__________(try) things on，we found ourselves laughing at each other.Then and there we knew 7.__________was time to get in better shape.So we decided to join a gym and started working out together.” Although now in her eighties，Ernestine takes up three jobs：a personal trainer，a 8.__________(profession) model and a competitive bodybuilder.She continues to prove that age is 9.__________(simple) a number.She continues to be a role model not just for senior women everywhere，10.__________for every one of us. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 语境6　健康的生活方式(二)　运动与健康 层级式精练 层级一　基础达标 Ⅰ. 1.①injured　②injury　③because my left foot was injured in the football game　 2.①instruction　②to paint　③instructive　④instructions 3.①in　②participation　③By participating in the cultural festival 4.①from　②smoking　③to prohibit tourists' taking pictures with animals 5.①制订出　②锻炼　③结果 Ⅱ. 1.breath　2.desperately　3.injury　4.mildly 5.entrance　6.professional　7.up　8.in Ⅲ. 1.not only a good way to build up our body　2.I am writing to call on you to take physical exercise regularly　3.which broke my heart　4.is of benefit to 层级二　能力提升 Ⅰ. A 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。无聊并不等同于懒惰，人们感到无聊是因为他们在生活中无法获得兴奋感。无聊会让人心跳加快，皮质醇水平上升，让人感到有压力，进而导致健康问题。但随着年龄的增长，无聊感也会随着忙碌而减少。 1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中Dankert的话可知，人们觉得无聊往往不是因为懒惰，而是因为人们为寻找满足感和兴奋感而做的很多尝试都失败了。由此可知，人们感到无聊是因为他们无法在生活中获得兴奋感。 2.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He found that...hearts beat faster”可知，当人们感到无聊时，他们的心跳会加快。故选B。 3.A　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“A single boring...something dangerous.”可知，无聊的一天不会杀死你，但如果你一直都处于无聊的状态中，那么这种压力会堆积，进而演变成危险的事物。由此可推知，画线词意为“持续很久的”。故A项意思与画线词意思最为接近。 4.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中Dankert说的话可知，随着你年龄的增长，你会变得不那么无聊，那主要是因为你会更独立并且不得不忙于实现你的长期目标。由此可推知，忙起来就不会感到那么无聊。故选C。 B 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。功能饮料有可能引起心脏病，青少年尤其需要注意。对此进行研究的心脏病专家马德里指出，很多看起来健康的青少年，在运动前后饮用含大量咖啡因的功能饮料可能会引起突发心脏病或者心率不稳。 5.C　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“In the case of energy...to improve flavouring.”可知，功能饮料中使用guarana是为了让饮料的口味更好。 6.D　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，突发心脏疾病有三个特点：有些心脏疾病不可逆转(even some of which are unable to recover)；引发死亡(such drinks can lead to fatal events)；发生之前通常毫无预警(heart attacks often occurring without warning)。只有D项“它们在某些区域广泛发生”没提到。 7.A　写作意图题。 根据最后一段的“energy drink—caused cardiotoxicity (心脏毒性)was felt to be the most likely cause”可知，研究报告得出结论，这名21岁英国男子肾衰竭是由于摄入功能饮料，因此作者提及这个案例就是为了表明功能饮料的潜在危害。 8.B　主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，作者主要介绍了摄入功能饮料可能引发心脏病这一研究结果。 Ⅱ. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章从呼吸、心理健康、助消化、延缓衰老四个方面介绍了你也许不太了解的运动对身体的好处。 1.D　空处在第一段结尾，再由下文所列的几方面好处可知，此处需要一个总括的句子，故D项“以下是你可以从锻炼中得到的好处”符合语境。 2.C　根据空前的“the benefits aren't limited to sport”可知，不只运动会带来这些益处，再结合空后一句“Attending some professional courses ...and so strengthen breathing muscles.”尤其是关键词“strengthen breathing muscles”可知，选项C“增强的肌肉力量也有所帮助”符合语境。 3.G　根据本段小标题可知，本段主要说明锻炼带来的心理方面的好处，故G项“快走或跳绳都是一种很好的减压方式”符合语境。 4.A　空处为下方段落的标题。该段内容主要讲了运动给消化系统带来的好处。故A项“它有助于你的消化”符合语境。 5.E　根据该段小标题可知，本段主要说明锻炼可以让你年轻，空前一句表述你做的(运动)越多，你就能活得越久，E项“这是因为体育活动会延缓细胞衰老”解释了原因，符合语境。 Ⅲ. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。年过八旬的美国老太Ernestine Shepherd拥有完美的肌肉状态，是世界上年龄最大的女性健美运动员。 1.to start　考查非谓语动词。句型too...to...表示“太……而不能……”。 2.was declared　考查动词的时态和语态。Ernestine Shepherd是被宣布为吉尼斯世界纪录创造者，故用被动语态；in 2016 and 2017是表示具体的过去时间，故使用一般过去时。 3.asked　考查省略。“When asked what the secret to her success is”是省略形式。 4.determination　考查名词。空格中所填单词在句中和Discipline，hard work是并列关系，故用determine的名词形式。 5.that　考查强调句。该句使用了强调句型，被强调的是时间状语“not until I was 56 years old”。 6.trying　考查省略。此处为省略形式，完整表达为“while we were trying things on”。 7.it　考查代词。句型it is/was time to do sth.表示“该是做某事的时候了”。 8.professional　考查形容词。该空修饰后面的名词model，故填profession的形容词形式。 9.simply　考查副词。空格中所填单词在句中修饰谓语is，故用simple的副词形式。 10.but　考查连词。not just...but...意思是“不仅是……而且……”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$