微卷(1) 50分阅读提分练-【高考领航】2025年高考英语总复习四测通关卷

微卷(一)　50分阅读提分练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·广东六校联考) Competition Judges Needed Anyone with relevant knowledge or skills is encouraged to sign up to judge Sigma Xi's Student Research Showcase，an online science communication competition in which students compete for awards and recognition of outstanding virtual research presentations.The competition is open to high school，undergraduate，and graduate students and most worldwide research disciplines (学科) are represented across the following categories. ·agriculture，soil，and natural resources ·cell biology and biochemistry ·human behavioral and social sciences ·math and computer science ·physics and astronomy Information for Judges Professional researchers and science communicators from the above­listed disciplines are needed to evaluate and interact with contestants by posting comments and questions on presentation websites.Each judge assesses up to 10 websites where students submit their presentations containing mainly a research abstract and a slide presentation.Sigma Xi membership is preferred，but not required，to judge.Judging takes place from April 26 to May 10，2022，allowing flexibility with each judge's personal schedule as no travel is required. Click here to download the SRS Judges Manual for more information and judging criteria. Information for General visitors General visitors to the presentation websites can also watch the personal videos of the presenters and vote for the People's Choice Award winner，who will receive the prize money of up to $250.Visitors of a general science background can also read the abstracts and comments in the discussion forums.Locate the link on the site that most likely appears as comments & reactions. Visit http：//sigmaxishowcase.tumblr.com/ for a sample Student Showcase presentation site. 1.Who is the most likely candidate for the judge of the competition？ A.A professor of western literature. B.A member of Sigma Xi. C.A specialist in human social sciences. D.An undergraduate of cell biology. 2.What is the judge expected to do？ A.Assess science presentation websites. B.Interview the contestants at a given time. C.Vote for the People's Choice Award winner. D.Evaluate personal videos given by presenters. 3.Where is this text probably taken from？ A.A magazine. B.A website. C.An advertisement. D.An academic article. B (2024·丽水、湖州、衢州调研检测)Born on her family's farm in Ray，North Dakota，Mary Sherman Morgan had been helping her father with farm work before she could attend the small town's schoolhouse.Being a few years behind didn't hold her back and she graduated from high school with honors.Aware of her intelligence，she ran away from Ray to attend Minot State University as a chemistry major，where her skill was evident. The outbreak of World WarⅡ resulted in a national shortage of chemists and scientists.In spite of the fact that she was still a student and a woman，she was offered a job as a chemical analyst due to her talents，producing explosives (爆炸物) for the wartime effort.She put her degree on hold and moved to Ohio，taking on the dangerous job of analyzing unstable chemicals to produce weapons. After the war ended there was a fall in demand for explosives，so she made a move to the field of aeronautics，moving to California to work for NAA (North American Aviation).The only woman out of 900 engineers，she was soon promoted to a role which involved calculating the performance of rocket propellants (推进剂) and designing speciality fuels to work with different engines.However，never having returned to complete her degree，she was not afforded the rank or higher pay of an engineer，even though she had all the skills and knowledge of one. Her experience with propellants meant that when NAA was tasked with finding a fuel capable of lifting the redesigned Redstone missiles into space，Morgan was appointed the technical leader on the project.National pride was on the line，so Morgan set about investigating fuels.After countless trials，she finally designed her own mixture，which was named Hydyne. Hydyne was tested well with the Redstone missiles and subsequently other aircraft (航空器)，such as Jupiter­C rockets，proving to be a quick solution to getting to space without a total rocket redesign.The fuel made the first successful US satellite launch possible，even if Morgan silently slipped away from her success，retiring to focus on her family and leaving her chemistry career behind. 4.What do we know about Mary？ A.She attended school while helping with farm work. B.She was offered a job as a chemistry analyst after graduation. C.She shifted her working focus as the domestic demand changed. D.She launched the first US satellite before retiring from her career. 5.What does the underlined word “aeronautics” probably mean？ A.Analyzing chemicals. B.Producing explosives. C.Mixing and saving fuels. D.Designing and building aircraft. 6.What made Mary the technical leader on the project of NAA？ A.Her discovery of Hydyne. B.Her rank as an engineer. C.Her special knowledge in fuels. D.Her sense of national pride. 7.Which of the following words can best describe Mary Sherman Morgan？ A.Caring and determined. B.Courageous and creative. C.Intelligent but sensitive. D.Accomplished but proud. C (2024·青岛高三考试)Covered in lush fur，the thickest in the animal kingdom，sea otters(海獭)can live their entire lives in the ocean，feeding heavily upon seafloor animals such as shellfish.They are often seen to eat clams(蛤蜊)，which bury themselves in meadows of eelgrass，a wide­ranging plant species growing in water.Eelgrass meadows where sea otters dig for clams become partly bare，which is commonly a concern for ecologists. As it turns out，the meadows with otters are healthier，with more eelgrass，according to a new study published in Science.That's because by gently disturbing the seabed，the otters make the plants flower and produce seeds.What's more，their digging provides more space and sunlight for seeds to settle and grow.The enhanced genetic diversity caused by sea otters could make eelgrass more adaptable to present and future threats. The finding is a powerful example of how animals such as otters influence their ecosystems beyond predation(捕食)，often in unseen and little­known ways，says study leader Erin Foster，research associate at the Hakai Institute.It also means sea otters，an endangered species，are vital to their environments and give eelgrass，which is in danger worldwide，a better chance of staying healthy and surviving. Seagrass habitats are also important to many fish，providing food for animals，absorbing and filtering harmful pollution and bacteria from the water.“Genetic diversity typically strengthens the adaptability of species and considering the challenges we're facing，this will be important to eelgrass meadows，and from this aspect，the impact the otters are having deserves our lasting concern，”says Foster. 8.What do we know about sea otters？ A.They live part of their lives underwater. B.They mainly feed on sea animals like fish. C.They eat clams beneath eelgrass meadows. D.They become a new concern for ecologists. 9.How does the author develop Paragraph 2？ A.By giving opinions. B.By presenting reasons. C.By clarifying concepts. D.By comparing results. 10.Why does the author mention the endangered condition of eelgrass？ A.To provide examples of sea otter's predation. B.To show the urgency to protect the environment. C.To highlight the role of otters in their ecosystems. D.To warn against the potential risk of climate change. 11.What does Foster think of the impact otters have on underwater meadows？ A.Overestimated. B.Noteworthy. C.Temporary. D.Unpredictable. D (2024·惠州市高三考试)Earthquakes cannot be forecast，but engineers can prepare for them.Seismic isolation systems built into the bases of certain buildings in high­risk areas，use complex structures of concrete，rubber and metal to reduce quake damage by absorbing the ground's horizontal shaking. But such adaptations are expensive.Engineer Zhang Jian of the University of California，Los Angeles，says building seismic isolation systems can increase construction costs by up to 20 percent.Although these systems might save more than they cost over time，builders in some regions may not have the budget for them at present. A new seismic isolation method uses the physics of rolling to create a lower­cost alternative with readily available materials：recycled tennis balls.“Everyone plays tennis，and they don's know what to do with the tennis balls after each game，”says ETH Xurich seismic engineer Michalis Vassiliou. Vassiliou's team based its method on an early form of seismic isolation that rolls a shaking building to a stop the way a skater in a half­pipe eventually comes to rest.By separating a building from the ground with a layer of spheres (球体)，rolling isolation changes unstable horizontal shaking into a gentle rocking motion.This method was used in 5，000­year­old Peruvian pyramids，but today builders favor expensive，standardized isolation systems. For their modern take on rolling seismic isolation，the researchers injected concrete­like mixes into hundreds of balls that had lost their bounce.They built an inexpensive model consisting of four filled tennis balls sandwiched between two concrete slabs (厚板)，and they found that it withstood earthquake shaking while supporting eight kilonewtons of force per ball—about twice what isolation systems might experience under one­story houses. Zhang says that the work is worthwhile and that such technology might serve an unmet need.But she notes that the results are primary.Vassiliou agrees.Next steps will mean creating and testing a larger model with hundreds of tennis balls at a research center in earthquake­prone Cuba—an example of a place where such systems could make isolation practicable in ordinary construction. 12.Why do the engineers adopt recycled tennis balls？ A.To improve the performance of tennis balls. B.To help deal with the tennis balls after matches. C.To simplify the complex structures of buildings. D.To cut the expense of seismic isolation buildings. 13.What effect could the new method achieve？ A.Recycling useless tennis balls. B.Transforming the shaking into gentle shaking. C.Withstanding earthquake shaking. D.Enabling a house to support much more force. 14.Which of the following best describes Zhang's attitude towards the new technology？ A.Doubtful.　 B.Unclear. C.Objective. D.Approving. 15.What is the main idea of the text？ A.Researchers are creating and testing models in Cuba. B.Engineers are exploring ways of earthquake forecasts. C.A low­cost design helps shaking buildings roll to a stop. D.Recycled tennis balls could protect buildings from disasters. Ⅱ.阅读七选五 How does it feel when you solve your problem by yourself？Things may not always go as planned，but being resourceful can help you stay calm and work your way out of tricky situations. Being resourceful means finding smart and creative ways to solve a problem，using whatever resources you have at the time.　16　 They can also be anything else that's useful，such as information，advice or your own experience.It also means trusting your instincts，the ability you're born with，rather than through training and being confident about your ability to face challenges.A resourceful person is not the one getting cross or panicking when something goes wrong.They're thinking about how to solve the problem. 　17　 When we learn to solve a problem for ourselves rather than immediately going to others for help，it can help to build our confidence，help us feel more independent，and feel better about making decisions.Being resourceful may not help you avoid problems，but thinking creatively about how you can deal with them will make you feel less stressed and more prepared next time.　18　 This can boost self­esteem，that is，how you feel about yourself. When you're facing a challenge，try to focus on the actual problem rather than how you feel about it.Think about where and when it happened and what the causes are.Next，think up as many solutions to the problem as you can.　19　 Finally，review what has and hasn't worked，so you're equipped to deal with a situation next time. And remember，if you have a tricky problem that you're unable to solve，then ask a trusted adult for help.　20　 A.You also learn what you're good at. B.Here is how you can be more resourceful. C.These may be practical things like pens and paper. D.No one is expected to solve all problems by themselves. E.Resourcefulness is a skill that's good for you in lots of ways. F.They can be famous mottos that always inspire us to move on. G.Weigh up what's good and bad about each one and choose the best. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 答案与精析 微卷(一)　50分阅读提分练 Ⅰ. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。这是一则广告，招募竞赛评委。 1.C　细节理解题。根据第一段最后的学科分类和Information for Judges中的“Professional researchers...on presentation websites.”可知，需要来自上述学科的专业研究人员和科学交流者通过在演讲网站上发表评论和问题对候选者进行评估和与候选者互动。由此可知，社会科学方面的专家最可能成为竞赛评委的候选人。故选C项。 2.A　细节理解题。根据Information for Judges中的“Each judge assesses...a slide presentation.”可知，每位评委要评估多达10个网站，学生在这些网站上提交他们的报告，该报告主要包括一份研究摘要和一份幻灯片。由此可知，竞赛评委需要做的是评估这些科学报告网站。故选A项。 3.B　文章出处题。浏览全文可知，本文主要讲述的是招募竞赛评委的相关信息。再根据文中的“Click here to download...judging criteria.” “Visit http：//sigmaxishowcase.tumblr.com/...presentation site.”可推知，本篇文章摘自网站。故选B项。 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。玛丽·谢尔曼·摩根出生在一个农民家庭，虽然迟上学数年，但她凭借自己的聪明才智顺利考上大学。二战时从事武器生产工作，战后成为北美航空公司的唯一一个女工程师。她研究出了太空燃料 Hydyne，为航空事业作出了巨大的贡献。 4.C　细节理解题。结合第二段内容可知，在二战时，她从事武器的化学分析工作；根据第三段第一句“After the war...work for NAA”可知，在战后，由于对武器需求的减少，她转而为北美航空公司工作。据此可知，由于国内需求的变化，她转移了工作重心，故C项正确。 5.D　词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句中的“moving to California to work for NAA (North American Aviation)”可知，她搬到了加利福尼亚州为北美航空公司工作；结合画线单词的前缀aero可知，她转向的是航空领域；结合选项可知，D项“设计和制造飞行器”符合题意。 6.C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Her experience with...leader on the project.”可知，由于她在推进剂研究方面有着丰富的经验，故被任命为项目技术领导者。 7.B　推理判断题。根据第二段尾句可知，玛丽·谢尔曼·摩根暂时搁置了学位课程，到俄亥俄州从事危险的不稳定化学物质分析工作，据此可以推知，她很勇敢；根据第四段尾句可知，她进行了无数次试验，终于成功发明Hydyne，据此可以推知，她具有创造力。 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。濒危物种海獭的捕食行为搅动了海床，这更有利于大叶藻的生长；同时，海草栖息地能为动物提供食物并净化周围的水域，对许多鱼类来说很重要。 8.C　细节理解题。根据第一段的“They are often seen...meadows of eelgrass”可知，海獭吃在大叶藻下面的蛤蜊。 9.B　推理判断题。通读第二段可知，该段首先陈述研究结论：有水獭的草地更健康，有更多的大叶藻。接着介绍原因：那是因为水獭通过轻轻搅动海床，使植物开花并产生种子；更重要的是，它们的挖掘为种子的定居和生长提供了更多的空间和阳光；海獭导致的遗传多样性的增强可能使大叶藻更适应当前和未来的威胁。由此可知，第二段是通过给出解释的方式来论证的。 10.C　推理判断题。根据第三段的“It also means...healthy and surviving.”可知，濒危物种海獭对它们的环境至关重要，并给在全世界都处于危险中的大叶藻提供了更好的保持健康和生存的机会。由此可以推知，作者提到大叶藻的濒危状态是为了突出海獭在其生态系统中的作用。 11.B　细节理解题。通读最后一段可知，Foster认为，基因多样性通常会增强物种的适应性，这对大叶藻草地是重要的，从这个角度来看，海獭的影响值得我们长期关注。由此可知，Foster认为海獭对水草的影响是值得关注的。故选B。 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。地震专家用回收的网球制作的装置来模拟地震隔离系统，并取得了一定的效果。 12.D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“create a lower­cost alternative with readily avaiable materials：recycled tennis balls”可知，选用回收的网球是为了节约成本，故D项正确。 13.B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“rolling isolation changes unstable horizontal shaking into a gentle rocking motion”可知，新的方法可以让不稳定的水平震动变成温和的摇摆运动，故B项正确。 14.C　观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“Zhang says that the work is worthwhile...But she notes that the results are primary.”可知，她对于新的方法既肯定又相对保守，故C项正确。 15.C　主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“A new seismic isolation method...recycled tennis balls.”和第四段中的“rolls a shaking building to a stop the way a skater in a half­pipe eventually comes to rest”可知，本文主要讲述了用回收的网球制作的装置可让摇晃的建筑物停止摇晃，故C项正确。 Ⅱ. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了遇到棘手的问题时的应对方法，要足智多谋，随机应变。 16.F　上文提到可以使用拥有的任何资源，下文提到“也可以是其他有用的东西”可知，设空处需要第一次列举这些有用的东西。结合选项可知，选项F承上启下，符合题意；此处They和空后“They”指代相同。故选F。 17.E　空处在段首，有可能是段落的主旨句。而后面的内容主要说的是“being resourceful”带来的好处，E选项意思就是resourcefulness 能带来很多好处。故选E。 18.A　前面两句具体列举了“being resourceful”带来的好处，A选项契合下一句“This can boost self­esteem，that is，how you feel about yourself.”这是又一个好处，A项最符合语境。故选A。 19.G　该段在讨论遇到困难时，要专注于问题本身，并列出了具体的步骤。上一句讲的是“尽可能多地想出一些解决措施”，G选项填到此处最合适。故选G。 20.D　上一句表示自己实在解决不了，你还可以求助其他人，D选项与上文意义一致。故填D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$