2024年中考英语词性专题复习之动词课件

动词 动词是用来描述主语的动作、行为或状态的词，在句中只能作谓语，是句子中不可缺少的部分。 一、动词分类 实义动词是表示动作或状态的动词，在句中可以单独作谓语，有自己完整的、实在的意义。 实义动词可分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.)。 1.实义动词 1) 及物动词(vt.)后可直接带宾语(名词、代词、动名词） In China，he developed an interest in learning English . He stopped doing his homework because he was so tired . 2) 不及物动词(vi.)后不能直接带宾语,一般要先加介词后再接宾语 Birds can fly. She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 动词原形 V. 过去式 V-ed 过去分词 V-ed 现在分词 V-ing 动词三单 V-s 实义动词常见形式 动词三单变化规则 1) 一般情况下直接+ s ：help-helps 2) 以不发音e结尾直接+s: close-closes 3) 以-s,-x,-ch,-sh -o结尾+es :expresses、watches、washes 4）以元音y结尾+s: plays、says; 以辅音y结尾把y变i再+es: apply-applies 现在分词变化规则 1) 一般情况下直接+ ing ：buying、playing 2) 以不发音e结尾去e再+ing: ride-riding write-writing 3) 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的， 先双写这个辅音字母再+ing :prefer-preferring refer-referring occur-occurring eat-eating wait-waiting 4)少数以-ie结尾,先把-ie变为y再+ing:die-dying lie-lying tie-tying 5）以-oe、-ee、-ye结尾直接+ing: seeing、fleeing 过去式、过去分词变化规则 1) 一般情况下直接+ed ：help-helped 2) 以不发音e结尾直接+d: like-liked 3)以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的， 先双写这个辅音字母再+ed：stop-stopped plan-planned 4）以元音y结尾+ed: played、destroyed 以辅音y结尾把y变i再+ed: try-tried cry-cried 1.过去式含有“a(o)ught”： teach（教）________think（想)________ buy（买）_________bring（带来)_______ catch(抓住）_______fight(打架)_______ taught thought bought brought caught fought 想去买教材，免得被抓（带）来打（架）。 过去式、过去分词不规则变化 2.含“ee”的去e末尾+t： keep（保持）________sleep（睡）______ sweep（扫）________meet（遇见)______ feel（感觉）_______leave（离开)_______ kept slept swept met felt left 我遇见一个清洁工保持扫地姿势，看的我感觉想睡觉，就离开了。 过去式、过去分词不规则变化 3.过去式同原形： cut(割)______ put(放)____let（让)___ set(设置)______hit（击打)______ read(读)_____ cost（花费）_____ hurt(伤害)____beat(战胜）_________ /red/ 让我们花费时间在阅读上，才能战胜无知。 设置和安放好刀子，免得被割受伤害。 过去式、过去分词不规则变化 不规则动词过去式 4.过去式把主要元音字母改成“a” run______ give _____sing _____ sit______ swim______ ring_______begin______ come_____ drink______ ran gave sang sat swam rang began came drank 过去式、过去分词不规则变化 不规则动词过去式 5.过去式把主要元音字母改成“o” ride________ drive _______ write________win________ shine______ rode drove wrote won shone 过去式、过去分词不规则变化 常考动词辨析一： 四朵金“花” spend、take、pay、cost Cloudy Sunday, December 15th, Today I went to the supermarket with my mom. It _____me too much time to do to the supermarket because of the traffic jam. When we got to the supermarket, I bought some apples. These apples ____10 yuan. So I _____ 10 yuan for the apples. And then I bought something else. Today we ________ a lot of money at the supermarket today. took cost paid spent （1） spend多用人作主语，后接金钱或时间。 sb.spend time/money on sth / (in）doing sth （2） take常用于It takes sb.some time to do sth句型中 （3） pay常与for连用，表“给……付款” （4） cost常用物做主语，表“价值或花费多少钱” 常考动词辨析二 四“看” look、see、watch、read look for see a film/movie watch TV read a newspaper （1）look看，表示动作 （2）see看见某物，强调结果 （3）watch观看；注视 （4）read 看书、看报纸、阅读、看文字 常考动词辨析三 四“说” say、speak、talk、tell say goodbye speak English talk with my partners tell stories （1）say 说，后接说的话与内容(say sth. to sb.) （2）speak 说，指说话的行为如“发言”或“说某种语言” (speak at the meeting) （3）talk 谈论，后接介词加谈论的对象和内容 (talk with sb. about sth.) （4）tell 告诉，后接说话的对象和话语的内容 (tell a lie/tell the truth) I will ______ at the airport at 8 o’clock. =I will_____ the airport at 8 o’clock. =I will _____ to the airport at 8 o’clock. 常考动词辨析四 三“到” arrive，reach，get Q:When will you get to the airport？ arrive reach get （1）arrive后接介词加地点 arrive at+小地点 arrive in+大地点 （2）reach 后直接接地点名词 （3）get常与to连用，多用于口语中。 ☆后接地点副词there、here、home时，不加介词。如：arrive home；get home;reach home want to do sth. plan/mean to do sth. hope/wish to do sth. volunteer to do sth. 常接不定式to do作宾语的动词有： decide to do sth. expect to do sth. would like to do sth. try to do sth. remember to do sth. forget to do sth. start/begin to do sth. refuse to do sth. manage to do sth. dare to do sth. dare to do sth. like/hate to do sth. offer to do sth. learn to do sth. 完成实践值得忙 考虑建议不禁想喜欢思念要介意 继续习惯别放弃 期待问题最有趣 finish/ practice/be worth/be busy doing consider/ suggest/ can't help/feel like doing enjoy/ miss/ mind doing keep on/ be used to/give up doing look forward to doing/have problems (in) doing/have fun doing 常接doing作宾语的动词有： 连系动词是连接主语和表语的动词。它不能独立存在，后面必须跟表语一起构成谓语，表示主语的身份、类别、特征、状态等。 1) 表示状态的连系动词，常用的是be的各种形式 She is dirty and wearing a shabby dress. The rose is the national flower of England. 2.连系动词 2) 表示感官的连系动词: feel, smell, sound, taste，look等 This kind of cake tastes delicious.这种蛋糕尝起来很美味。 That sounds great.听起来妙极了。 3) 表示变化的连系动词:become, grow, turn, get等，主要用来表示主语变化成什么情况 Even quiet and serious scholars can become excited about it. The maple leaves turn red in autumn. 4) 表示表像的连系动词: seem，appear，look等 She used to smile all the time but now she looks washed out and unhappy. He seemed disappointed when he was refused. 5) 表示终止的连系动词: prove, turn out等 I imagined it would prove an easy task. The medicine turned out highly effective.。 6) 表示持续的连系动词: remain, keep, stay等 He always keeps silent at the meeting. 助动词不能独立作谓语，必须和动词原形或分词构成复合谓语， 表示实义动词的时态、语态、语气、人称和数等。 1) 助动词be可以和过去分词构成被动语态，或与现在分词构成各种进行时态 History is made by the people. She is doing her homework now. 3.助动词 2) 助动词do主要用来帮助实义动词构成否定、疑问等形式， 也可在一般现在时(do\does)或一般过去时(did)的句子中， 置于实义动词原形前起强调作用 Do you like her talk show?（do构成一般疑问句） I do want to have a talk with you.（do表示强调） 3) 助动词have\has\had主要和过去分词一起构成各种完成时态 Since it began in 1951, we have given awards to films from all around the globe.（现在完成时） How long had he been away when you arrived?（过去完成时） 情态动词本身有一定的意义，但不能独立作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，用来表示说话人对某一状态或动作的态度或看法 If you won’t keep quiet you can get out. You shouldn’t laugh at him when he in trouble. 4.情态动词 情态动词 情态动词三用法 情态动词 情态动词 情态动词 无三单变化 否定直接加not 后跟动词原形 He fly. cans can He fly. doesn't can can not He can . flying fly 情态动词归纳 表请求 can , could, may 表能力 can —could(过去式） 表推测 must(100%） ,may ,might, could(20-80%）, can't(0%） 表义务 need, have to ,must 表建议 should(应该）, had better(最好） 情态动词 用法 表请求 can 请求 could 更委婉的请求 may 请求，只用于第一人称，一般单数 表能力 can 具备某种能力 could can的过去式，过去具备某种能力 表推测 must 一定，肯定，表肯定推测 may 也许，可能 might 与may类似，可能性低于may can't 不可能，表否定推测 表义务 have to 不得不 must 必须（强调主观语气） 表建议 should 应该 had better 最好，后接动词原形 感谢观看 THANK YOU $$