Unit 4 Looking good, feeling good【速记清单】-2024-2025学年高一英语单元速记•巧练（译林版2020必修第一册）

Unit 4 Looking good, feeling good 【速记清单】 单元重点单词短语句型语法 考点词汇 1. skip vt. 不做(应做的事情等)；跳过vi. 蹦蹦跳跳地走；略过 【教材原句】A teenage girl fainted yesterday at Stonechester High School after skipping meals. 斯通彻斯特高中一名女生多餐未进食后晕厥。 skip(out of…); skip off 悄悄地或者匆匆地离开(某地) skip over 路过，略过 skip through 浏览 go skipping 去跳绳 2. pass out 昏迷，失去知觉 【教材原句】She then passed out in her morning PE lesson and was rushed to hospital. 后来在上午的体育课上晕厥，随即被紧急送往医院。 pass away 度过；消磨时间；去世 pass along 沿…...走，路过 pass by 经过；时间逝去 pass down (世代)相传，传下来 pass on...to ... 把.....传递给..... pass through 穿过，通过 3. immediately adv. 立即，马上conj. 一……就 ……→immediate adj. 立刻的，即刻的 【教材原句】Jennifer was found to have dangerously low blood sugar levels and was treated immediately. 医生发现珍妮弗的血糖已经低到了很危险的程度，于是马上对其进行治疗。 4. concentrate vi. & vt. 集中(注意力、思想等)；全神贯注→concentration n. 专心; 关注; 集中; 聚集 【教材原句】She told me she had trouble concentrating in class. 她告诉我她在课上注意力不集中。 concentrate (sth. ) on (doing) sth.　　　 集中于/专心于(做)某事 concentrate one’s attention on. . . 把某人的注意力集中到…… concentrate sth. + 介词/副词 使某物集中(或集合、聚集) 5. extreme adj. 极端的；严重的n. 极端不同的感情(或境况、行为方式等) →extremely adv. 极端地；严重地 【教材原句】In a society where being thin is often seen as being beautiful; teenagers sometimes turn to extreme methods to slim down quickly. 在一个往往以瘦为美的社会中，不时有青少年采取极端方式快速瘦身。 6. slim vi. 变苗条，减肥adj. 苗条的；微薄的，小的 【教材原句】In a society where being thin is often seen as being beautiful; teenagers sometimes turn to extreme methods to slim down quickly. 在一个往往以瘦为美的社会中，不时有青少年采取极端方式快速瘦身。 slim down 变苗条，减肥 7. concerned adj. 担心的，忧虑的；关注的，关切的 →concern n. 忧虑, 担心 【教材原句】She told me she had trouble concentrating in class. 她告诉我她在课上注意力不集中。 be/become concerned about　　　 为……担心; 对……关注 be concerned with 关心; 涉及 as far as sb. be concerned 就某人而言, 在某人看来 show/express concern for/over 对……表示关心 8. effect n. 效果，作用；影响→effective adj. 有效的；生效的→effectively adv. 有效地 【教材原句】They are increasing their efforts to educate teens about the side effects of losing weight too quickly. 他们加大力度教育青少年有关快速减肥引起的不良反应。 in effect　　　　　　 事实上, 实际上 have an effect on 对……有影响 come into effect 生效 side effect 副作用 9. prove linking v. 后来被发现是vt. 证明，证实 【教材原句】This has proved to have a negative effect on what you think of your physical appearance. 事实证明，这种行为会对你如何评价自己的外表产生负面影响。 10. diet n. 日常饮食；节食vi. 节食，进行规定饮食 【教材原句】She pointed out that it is important to have a healthy balanced diet since teenagers are still growing and their bodies need a lot of nutrition to function well. 她指出，健康均衡的饮食十分重要，因为青少年正在发育，需要大量营养以维持正常的身体机能。 be on a diet 　　　　 节食(表状态) go on a diet 节食(表动作) a balanced diet 均衡的饮食 11. function vi. 起作用，正常工作，运转n. 作用，功能，职能→functional adj. 实用的; 功能的, 机能的; 运转的 【教材原句】She pointed out that it is important to have a healthy balanced diet since teenagers are still growing and their bodies need a lot of nutrition to function well. 她指出，健康均衡的饮食十分重要，因为青少年正在发育，需要大量营养以维持正常的身体机能。 function as sb. /sth. 起……作用; 具有……功能 fulfill/perform a function 发挥功能 12. take in 摄入，吸收 【教材原句】If they do not take in enough food, they may feel weak and get ill easily. 如果食物摄入不足，青少年会感觉体虚乏力，容易生病。 take off 　　 (飞机)起飞; 脱下; 取消; 休假 take on 雇用; 呈现; 承担(责任) take up 占据; 开始从事 take over 接任, 接管 take back 收回 take down 写下, 记下 13. energetic adj. 精力充沛的，充满活力的→ energy n. 能量; 精力; 活力 【教材原句】She added. “What’s more, they should keep regular hours and get plenty of exercise to stay energetic and fit. 她补充说：“此外，青少年还应作息规律，多参加运动，才能精力旺盛、身体健康。 full of energy 精力充沛的, 充满活力的 14. frightened adj. 害怕的，惊吓的，受惊的→fright n. 害怕, 惊恐→frighten vt. 使惊吓, 使惊恐→frightening adj. 令人恐惧的 【教材原句】I was very frightened when I woke up in hospital last Thursday. 上周四当我在医院醒来时我很害怕。 be frightened of doing sth. 害怕做某事 be frightened to do sth. 不敢做某事 frighten sb. to death 把某人吓坏了 15. pressure n. 心理压力，紧张；压力；要求，催促 【教材原句】One of the reasons why people fail to get a good night's sleep is pressure from school or work. 人们晚上睡不好的原因之一是来自学校或工作的压力。 16. contribute vi. & vt. 是……的原因之一；捐赠，捐献；增加，添加→contribution n. 捐献，贡献；撰稿 【教材原句】Noise pollution and light pollution in big cities may also contribute to sleep problems. (page 48) 大城市的噪声污染和光污染也可能导致睡眠问题。 17. attack n. 发作；攻击；抨击vt. & vi. 攻击；侵袭；抨击 【教材原句】In the long term, they may be at increased risk of having a poor memory, being overweight and suffering a heart attack. 从长远来看，他们记忆力差、超重和心脏病发作的风险可能会增加。 18. amount n. 数量 【教材原句】Everyone knows important that the amount of quality sleep that we get is important to us. 每个人都知道高质量的睡眠对我们很重要。 19. schedule n. 日程安排，工作计划；时间表 【教材原句】Try to stick to your sleep schedule at the weekend too, even though weekends are probably the time when you feel like a lie-in. 周末也要坚持自己的睡眠时间表，即使周末可能是你觉得比如睡懒觉。 20. treatment n. 治疗；对待，待遇；处理→treat v. 对待，治疗 【教材原句】 Mr. Wilson is happy with the treatment. Wilson先生对这次治疗非常满意。 21. fashion n. 时尚，时兴；流行款式→fashionable adj. 赶时髦的 【教材原句】If you have friends who are good-looking or have a great fashion sense, it can feel like you are living in their shadow. 如果你有朋友长得好看，或者很有时尚品位，你会觉得自己活在他们的阴影下。 22. strength n. 优势；力气，力量；实力→strengthen v. 加强，增强→strong adj. 强壮的→strongly adv. 坚强地 【教材原句】Focusing on your strengths also helps you build your confidence.专注于自己的强项也能帮你建立自信。 23. talent n. 天资，天赋；人才，天才→talented adj. 有天赋的；有才能的 【教材原句】Everyone has their own talents—you may be good at painting or playing the piano, so take pride in things you do well instead of worrying about things you cannot change. 每个人都有自己的天赋--你也许擅长画画或弹钢琴，所以要为自己擅长的事感到自豪，而不要为你无法改变的事而烦恼。 24. content n. 内容；目录 adj. 满意的 v.使……满意 【教材原句】However, like a book, your contents are much more important than your cover. 然而就像一本书，内容要远比封面重要。 25. achievement n. 成就，成绩；达到，完成→achieve v. 完成，实现 【教材原句】If you can learn to see the good things about yourself—your individuality, your value to others, your achievements. 如果你能学会看到自己的优点--你的个性、你对他人的价值、你的成就。 26. get into shape 强身健体 【教材原句】We strongly encourage all teenagers to follow these lifestyle tips, because living well is the safest and most effective way to get into shape. 我们强烈推荐所有青少年遵从这些生活方式的建议，因为好好生活是最健康、最有效的塑身方式。 in shape 在形状上；健康状况良好 in the shape of 以……的形状 out of shape 变形；身体不健康 shape...into... 把……塑造成……； 使……成为……形状 27. end up 最终成为，最终处于 【教材原句】They will only end up feeling worse about themselves. 到头来，他们只会觉得自己更糟。 end up with以……告终 end up＋副词/介词短语 以……告终 end up as最终成为…… end up doing sth. 以做某事告终 28. show off 炫耀，卖弄；显示，展示 【教材原句】Your friends may post a never-ending series of photos online to show off their beautiful dresses or strong bodies, and it becomes easier for you to compare yourself to them. 你的朋友可能会无休止地在网上发自拍，炫耀他们漂亮的衣服或强壮的体格，你也更容易陷人和他们的比较之中。 •show...around/round带领……参观 show up出现；露面；如约赶到 show...in/out领……进去/出来 •on show＝on display＝on exhibition在展出 29. It is＋adj.＋that... 教材原句　However，for those who are dangerously overweight，it is very important that they try to lose weight properly... 然而，对于那些很危险的超重者，努力适当地减肥是很重要的……(P45) 本句中it作形式主语，其真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。it作形式主语时常用的结构为： •It＋be＋形容词(possible, obvious, important, certain...)＋that从句. •It＋be＋名词短语(a pity, a fact, a wonder, an honour, an idea, no wonder...)＋that从句. •It＋be＋过去分词(said, thought, believed, suggested, reported...)＋that从句. 30. the way 作先行词后跟定语从句 教材原句　Your friends also influence the way you view your physical appearance. 你的朋友也会影响你对自己外表的看法。(P53) 本句中含有先行词为the way 的定语从句，the way(先行词)在从句中作状语，关系词用that/in which，也可省略。 •way表示“方式；方法”时，其后常接in which或that引导的定语从句，也可以将关系词in which或that省略掉，此时关系词在从句中作状语。 •way后接定语从句时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语则用关系代词that/which，作宾语时还可以省略，作主语时不可省略。 •way表示“方式；方法”时，其后还可接不定式或of doing sth形式作定语。 语法 由关系副词引导的限制性定语从句 一、关系副词when, where和why引导定语从句 当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语时,用关系副词when, where或why引导定语从句。此时,如果先行词指时间,用when,指地点用where,指原因用why。 关系词的三个作用:(1)引导定语从句;(2)代替先行词;(3)在其所修饰的定语从句中担当成分。关系代词引导定语从句时,在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语；关系副词引导定语从句时,在从句中充当状语。关系副词 = 介词 + 关系代词：why=for which；where=in/at/on/...which(介词同先行词或谓语动词搭配)；when=at/during/on/in/...which (介词同先行词或谓语动词搭配)。 关系副词 先行词 功能 when 表示时间的名词 时间状语 where 表示地点的名词 地点状语 why reason 原因状语 1.关系副词when引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语。 2.关系副词where引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示地点或抽象地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语。 3.关系副词why引导定语从句时，先行词常常为reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语。 I still remember the time when I first traveled by plane. 我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时候。 I’d like to live in the house where there is plenty of sunshine. 我喜欢住在那个阳光充足的房子里。 Can you tell me the reason why you didn’t come to his birthday party? 你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？ [温馨提示]表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词引导，也可用关系副词引导。若先行词在定语从句中作状语时，应用关系副词；若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，则应用关系代词。 (1)介词后面的关系代词不能省略。 (2)that前不能有介词。 (3)the way作先行词的情况。 the way 作先行词时,引导定语从句的关系词用that,in which或省略。 I don’t like the way (that/in which)you spoke to the teacher. 我不喜欢你跟老师说话的方式。(宾语) A feather shows the way (that/ in which) the wind blows. 见微知著/一叶知秋。(状语) 友情提醒 1. 定语从句的关系代词作主语时,从句中谓语的数要和先行词保持一致。 2. 关系词在限制性定语从句中省略的情况。 关系词作宾语或前无介词时可省略。 关系词作表语时可省略。 3. 关系词前有介词时,关系词一般用which和whom。 一.单词拼写 1. You’d better keep a balanced ________(日常饮食) for the benefit of your health. 2. According to the expert, education benefits us in a lot of ________(方面) of life. 3. The method proved to be a great success and ________(在……里面) two months，my English improved a lot. 4. With the college entrance examination coming, Senior Three students are under ________(极端的) pressure. 5. A balanced diet is very important because we need enough energy to keep our body ________(运转) well. 6. You can ________(跳出) the next chapter if you have covered the topic in class. 7. Large ________(数量) of money have been spent on plastic surgery. 8. ________(数字的) technology helps us to communicate with each other more easily. 9. Attracted by the ________(美) of the old town，they decided to stay another week. 10. The picture often brings back to me a series of happy ________(记忆)of my high school days. 【答案】 1. diet 2. aspects 3. within 4. extreme 5. functioning 6. skip 7. amounts 8. Digital 9. beauty 10. memories 二. 用方框内所给短语完成句子。 rather than, guard against, end up, live up to, slim down, get into shape, take in, show off, hang over, fight a losing battle 1. Actually, going on a diet has never proved to be the best way to ________________. 2. You should have a frank talk with your parents ________________ keeping silent all day. 3. Nowadays, more and more people are doing some exercise to ________________. 4. He didn’t ________________ what he read because his mind was concentrated on something else. 5. They enjoy ________________ their beauty and slim figures on social media. 6. Those who fight against the truth are ________________. 7. The threat of homelessness ________________ hundreds of families. 8. Correct mistakes if you have made any and ________________ them if you have not. 9. The teenager made up his mind to study hard to ________________ his mother’s expectations. 10. I decided to change my attitude towards study. So I ________________ paying more attention in class. 【答案】 1. slim down 2. rather than 3. get into shape 4. take in 5. showing off 6. fighting a losing battle 7. hangs over 8. guard against 9. live up to 10. ended up 三. 用所给词的适当形式填空 1. As the exam is coming, all the students are   (extreme) busy preparing for it. 2. Alice looks much (slim) than before . How did she manage to lose weight? 3. Worried about her sick child, she hurried home (immediate) after work. 4. He sat there, with his attention (concentrate) on his book. 5. A team of researchers carried out a huge experiment (concern) 218 cities in 39 countries. 6. Go outdoors and play team games with your friends, which is an (effect) way to get rid of anger. 7. I could tell from his face that he was (slight) angry. 8. Workers’ clothing is primarily (function) and only secondarily decorative. 9. To keep (energy), he sets aside two hours a day to take exercise. 10. I was (frighten) my parents would get divorced, and wished that there was something I could do to make them happy again. 【答案】 1. extremely 2.slimmer 3.immediately 4.concentrated 5. concerning 6.effectiive 7.slightly 8.functional 9. energetic 10.frightened 四.完成句子 1. 在带什么礼物去一个中国家庭这方面遇到了一些麻烦。(have trouble doing sth.) I know you may ________________________________. 2. 我们现在生活在一个以瘦为美的社会里。(where引导定语从句) We are now living in a society ________________________________. 3. 保持健康的饮食并定期锻炼可以帮助我们强身健体。(doing短语作主语) ________________________________ can help us get into shape. 4. 建议我们立即停止使用极端的方法来保持身材。(it作形式主语) ________________________________ we should immediately stop using extreme methods to keep figure. 5. 与朋友分享你的感受是减轻压力的好方法。(the way的定语从句) Sharing your feelings with friends is ________________________________. 【答案】 1. have some trouble bringing gifts to a Chinese family 2. where being thin is often seen as being beautiful 3. Keeping a healthy diet and doing exercise regularly 4. It is suggested that. 5. a good way to reduce/of reducing stress. 五. 填入适当的关系副词 1. The invention of the wheel can date back to the time early humans first started using tools. 2. The reason he was late for work was that he had an accident on the way. 3. The conflict had developed into a stage the two countries were gathering big troops on the border. 4. The reason I am fascinated by this painting is that it shows a mysterious scene. 5. For some of us, the Spring Festival is the only occasion we have the time to be with our parents. 6. As the whirlpool became less wild, the waves soon carried me to an area the other fishermen stayed. 7. Do you remember a certain occasion you were in trouble and at that moment I gave you a hand. 8. The nuclear waste discharge is now the major reason environmentalists feel worried about the future of marine creatures. 9. The 1960s was a difficult time Chinese scientists like Tu Youyou had very limited resources and poor technological support. 10. You are expected to find some group activities you can be with people who share your interests. 【答案】 1. when 2. why 3. where 4. why 5. when 6.where 7. when 8. why 9. when 10. where ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$