Unit 2 The universal language【速记清单】-2024-2025学年高二英语单元速记•巧练（译林版2020选择性必修第一册）

Unit 2 The universal language 【速记清单】 单元重点单词短语句型语法 考点词汇 1. compose vt. & vi. 作曲; 组成; 撰写; 使镇静→composer n. 作曲家→composition n. 成分, 作品; 作曲; 作文 【教材原句】Last night, I watched a performance of Butterfly Lovers, a beautiful violin concerto composed by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang. 昨晚, 我看了何占豪和陈钢创作的动人的小提琴协奏曲《梁祝》的演出。 be composed of　由……构成; 由……组成 be composed by 由……创作 compose oneself 使某人镇静 表示“由……组成”的短语：be composed of, be made up of, consist of, be comprised of 2. deserve vt. 值得, 应得 【教材原句】It’s a piece that really deserves to be heard. 这部作品真的值得一听。 deserve to do sth. 　应该做某事; 值得做某事 deserve to be done=deserve doing…… 值得被做 deserve consideration/attention 值得考虑/注意 deserve to be done与deserve doing的意义相同, 即可用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义, 类似的词还有need, require等。 3. tear apart 使(关系密切的人)分离, 分开 【教材原句】The music took me through the twists and turns of a classic story about a young couple torn apart by their families. 乐曲带我进入了一个跌宕起伏的经典故事, 讲述的是一对年轻情侣被他们家庭拆散的遭遇。 tear down　　　　　　　 拆毁; 扯下 tear. . . into. . . 把……撕成…… tear oneself away from 挣开; 与……分开 tear off 撕掉 tear at 撕扯; 用力撕 tear open 撕开 tear up 撕碎 tear to/into pieces 撕碎 4. whisper vi. & vt. 耳语, 低语; 私下说; 沙沙作响n. 低语; 轻柔的声音; 传言 【教材原句】When the two lovers, Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, first meet, the music is light and pleasant, as if whispering to the audience. 当梁山伯和祝英台这对相爱的人见面时, 音乐轻松悦耳, 仿佛在向观众耳语。 whisper sth. to sb. 　　　 对某人窃窃耳语 whisper sth. in one’s ear 在某人耳边低语 It is/was whispered that. . . 有传言说…… in a whisper 低声地, 悄声地 5. transform vi. & vt. (使)变形, (使)改观, (使)转化→transformation n. 改变; 变革 【教材原句】Finally, during the most exciting part, the music takes a softer turn and ends on a bittersweet note, telling us how the couple transform into butterflies and fly away to be together forever. 最后, 在最激昂的部分, 乐曲转而柔缓, 以凄美的曲调收尾, 它告诉我们, 这对情侣化蝶而去, 永世不再分离。 transform. . . into. . . 　　 把……变成…… transform sb. /sth. from. . . 把某人/物从……中转变 6. combine vt. & vi. (使)融合; (使)结合, (使)混合; 兼做; 合并→combination n. 结合; 联合; 组合; 联合体; 结合物 【教材原句】Butterfly Lovers combines Chinese and Western musical elements. 《梁祝》融合了中西方的音乐元素。 combine. . . with/and. . . 把……与……结合起来 combine to do sth. 联合起来做某事 in combination (with) (与……)联合/结合 7. rely on依赖, 依靠, 信任(depend on/upon; count on/upon) 【教材原句】My host family are big fans of country music, so I can always rely on them to introduce me to some great songs. 我的寄宿家庭是乡村音乐的超级粉丝, 所以我总是可以依靠他们介绍一些好歌曲给我听。 rely on sb. to do sth. 指望/相信某人会做某事 rely on(doing) sth. 依赖/信任/指望(做)某事 rely on it that. . . 相信……; 指望…… 在rely on it that结构中, it作形式宾语, 代替that引导的真正的宾语从句。此类动词(短语)还有: love, like, appreciate, hate, depend on, see to等。 8. surroundings n. 周围, 环境→surrounding adj. 周围的→surround v.包围 【教材原句】The simple tunes and beautiful natural images are often very suggestive of countryside surroundings. 简单的曲调和优美的自然意象常常使人联想到乡村的环境。 surround. . . with. . . 用……包围/围绕…… be surrounded by/with. . . 被……包围 9. guarantee vt. 保证, 担保; 确保; 为(产品)提供保修n. 保证, 担保; 保修单 【教材原句】I’ll guarantee you’ll enjoy it. 我保证你会喜欢它的。 guarantee to do sth. /that. . . 保证/担保做某事; 确保…… guarantee sb. sth. 保证某人某事 give sb. a guarantee(that). . . 向某人保证…… under guarantee 在保修期内 10. adaptation n. 改编本, 改写本, 适应→adapt v. 改变，适应→adaptable adj. 能适应的; 可修改的 【教材原句】The musical piece, an adaptation of Xian Xinghai's Yellow River Cantata, tells how the Chinese people, led by the Communist Party of China, fought to overcome the Japanese invaders. 这部音乐作品，改编自冼星海的《黄河大合唱》，讲述中国人民是如何在中国共产党的带领下努力打败日本侵略者的。 adaptation to. . . 　 针对; 适应于…… adaptation of. . . ……的适应性; ……的改编本 adapt(oneself) to 使(自己)适应于 adapt sth. from 根据……改编某物 be adapted for 为……而改写、改编 11. consist of由……组成(或构成)(be made up of=be composed of)(consist of 无被动形式, 也不用于进行时态。) 【教材原句】It consists of four movements: “The Song of the Yellow River Boatmen”, “Ode to the Yellow River”, “The Yellow River in Anger” and “Defend the Yellow River”. 它由四个乐章组成: 《黄河船夫曲》《黄河颂》《黄河愤》和《保卫黄河》。 consist in= lie in 存在于……; 在于…… consist with 一致; 符合 be consistent with 和……一致/相符 12. defend vi. &vt. 保护, 防御; 辩白, 辩解(defence n. 防御; 保卫) 【教材原句】It consists of four movements: “The Song of the Yellow River Boatmen”, “Ode to the Yellow River”, “The Yellow River in Anger” and “Defend the Yellow River”. 它由四个乐章组成: 《黄河船夫曲》《黄河颂》《黄河愤》和《保卫黄河》。 defend. . . from/against 保护……以免受 defend oneself 为自己辩护; 自卫 in defence of 为了保卫…… 13. greet vt. 问候, 欢迎, 招呼→greeting n. 问候, 欢迎, 招呼 【教材原句】The music was intended as a universal language to greet intelligent life in space (if there is any). 打算把音乐作为一种通用语言来问候太空中的有智力的生命(如果有的话)。 greet sb. (with. . . ) (用……)和某人打招呼(或问好); 欢迎; 迎接 greet sth. with sth. 对某事做出某种反应 be greeted with 受到……的对待、接待 be greeted by 被……迎接; 受……欢迎; ……映入眼帘 14. get down to (doing) sth. 开始做某事, 开始认真注意(或对待)某事(get down to中的to是介词, 后面一般跟名词或动词-ing形式。) 【教材原句】A group of scientists and artists got down to choosing suitable music. 一群科学家和艺术家开始选择合适的音乐。 get accustomed /used to　习惯于…… get along with 与……相处 get rid of 除去, 去掉 get ready for 为……做好准备 get out of 由……出来, 从……得出 get away with 侥幸成功, 侥幸逃脱 get in 进入; 收获 get over 克服; 恢复 15. suitable adj. 合适的, 适宜的, 适当的, 适用的→suit vt. 对……合适; 合身vi. 合适, 相称n. 一套衣服, 套装→suited adj. 合适的; 般配的 【教材原句】A group of scientists and artists got down to choosing suitable music. 一群科学家和艺术家开始选择合适的音乐。 be suitable for. . . 　 适合…… be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事 suit sth. to sb. /sth. 使某事适合于某人/物 be suited to. . . 适合于…… 16. distant adj. 遥远的, 远处的, 久远的; 冷淡的; 远亲的→distance n. 距离, 远方, 疏远, 间隔 【教材原句】We do not know what will happen in the end, but maybe the sound of the qin will one day be heard on a distant planet. 我们不知道最后会发生什么, 但也许有一天会在某个遥远的行星上听到琴声。 distant from 　　 与……不相似; 与……不同 in the distance 在远处 at a distance (of) 在……远的地方; 距离稍远 keep sb. at a distance 对某人冷淡; 与某人疏远; 与某人保持一定距离 17. stare vi. 盯着看, 凝视, 注视　n. 盯, 凝视, 注视 【教材原句】I turned up the volume and stood staring at the radio, holding my breath and waiting for the first notes of the song. 我把音量调大，站在那里盯着收音机，屏住呼吸，等待着这首歌的第一串音符 stare at　　　 凝视, 盯着看 stare out of 向……外凝视 give sb. a. . . stare ……地注视着某人 18. breath n. 呼吸的空气; 一次吸入的空气; 微量, 迹象→breathe v. 呼吸→breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的, 呼吸急促的 【教材原句】I turned up the volume and stood staring at the radio, holding my breath and waiting for the first notes of the song. 我调高音量并站了起来, 盯着收音机, 屏住呼吸等待着这首歌曲开头的几个音符。 out of breath　　　上气不接下气 catch one’s breath 缓一口气; 歇口气 hold one’s breath 屏息; 屏气 take/draw a deep breath 深呼吸 lose one’s breath 喘不过气来 18. accompany vt. 陪同, 陪伴; 伴随, 与……同时发生; 为……伴奏→company n. 公司; 做伴; 同伴 【教材原句】Yes, the Beatles’s music has accompanied me throughout my life. 是的, 披头士的音乐伴随了我的一生。 accompany sb. to someplace　陪伴某人去某地 accompany sb. at/on. . . 用……为某人伴奏 be accompanied with/by 与……同时存在或发生 keep sb. company(=accompany sb. ) 陪伴某人 in the company of 在……的陪伴下 19. expectation n. 希望, 盼望; 预料, 预期; 期望, 指望→expect v. 期望; 指望; 认为; 预料 【教材原句】It has helped me look to the future with expectation and now it helps me reflect on my life with quiet satisfaction. 它帮助我满怀期待地展望未来, 现在又让我带着平静的满足感反思自己的生活。 in expectation　　　 期望着; 意料之中 beyond expectation 出乎意料 have expectations of (对……)抱有期望 live up to expectations 不负众望; 达到预期 expect (sb. )to do sth. 期望(某人)做某事 It is expected that. . . 人们期望……, 可以预期…… expect sth. of (from) sb. 期望某人的…… 20. remarkable adj. 非凡的, 奇异的, 显著的, 引人注目的remark n. &v. 谈论, 评论remarkably adv. 显著地, 非常 【教材原句】Beethover: a remarkable life. 贝多芬：非凡的一生 be remarkable for. . . 以……著称 it is remarkable that. . . 值得注意的是 remark on/upon 谈论/评论…… make a remark/remarks on/upon对……发表评论 21. enthusiastic adj. 热情的, 热心的→enthusiasm n. 热情, 热心, 热忱→ enthusiastically adv. 热心地; 满腔热情地→enthusiast n. 爱好者, 热烈支持者; 狂热者 【教材原句】They broke into enthusiastic cheers at the end of the symphony. 演出结束的那一刻，全场爆发出热情的欢呼。 be enthusiastic about (doing) sth. 热衷于(做)某事 have enthusiasm for sth. /doing sth. 热爱做某事, 有做某事的热忱 22. gifted adj. 有才华的, 有天赋的→gift n. 礼物; 天赋 【教材原句】As a gifted child, Beethoven was pushed by his father to study music day and night. 贝多芬作为一个有天赋的孩子, 被他的父亲逼着日夜学习音乐。 be gifted with. . . 　　　 有……的天赋 a gifted child/musician/student 有天赋的孩子/音乐家/学生 have a gift for. . . 对……有天赋 23. reputation n. 名誉; 名声 【教材原句】By the time he was a teenager, he had already enjoyed a reputation as a wonderful young musician. 他少年时就已被誉为一名出色的年轻音乐家。 have a reputation as sth. 　 有……的名声 have a reputation for sth. /doing sth. 因某事/做某事闻名 earn/establish/build a reputation 赢得/确立/树立声誉 live up to one’s reputation 名不虚传 a good/bad reputation 有好/坏名声 24. prediction n. 预言, 预测→predict v. 预言, 预知→predictor n. (气象)预报器; 预言者 【教材原句】Including the brilliant musician Mozart, started making predictions about Beethoven's extraordinary future.……包括才华卓绝的莫扎特，都纷纷对他不可限量的前程给出预言。 make a prediction (predictions) about/ for. . . 对……作预测 weather prediction 天气预报 predict that /what (whether) 预言……, 预测…… It is predicted that 据预测 25. depress vt. 使抑郁, 使沮丧; 使萧条, 使不景气→depressed adj. 忧郁的, 沮丧的; 萧条的, 不景气的 →depressing adj. 令人忧郁的, 令人沮丧的→depression n. 忧郁, 沮丧; 萧条, 不景气 【教材原句】The loss of his hearing deeply depressed Beethoven. 听觉的丧失令贝多芬深受打击。 feel/be depressed about 对……感到沮丧 26. upset adj. 难过的, 失望的 vt. (upset, upset)使烦恼; 搅乱; 打翻 【教材原句】He was so upset that, at first, he wanted to keep it a secret. 他痛苦不堪，起初只想尽量隐瞒。 be upset about/by/at sth. 为某事心烦 be upset to do sth. 　　　 对做某事感到不安 What upsets sb. is. . . 让某人心烦的是…… It upsets sb. to do sth. /that. . . 做某事让人心烦/让某人心烦的是…… 27. possess vt. 具有(特质); 拥有; 支配, 控制possession n. 拥有; (pl. )财产, 所有物 [教材原句] In a letter to his brothers, he wrote. ".. how could I possibly admit a weakness in the one sense which should be more perfect in me than in others, a sense which I once possessed in the greatest perfection..."在给他兄弟的一封信里，他写道："··我怎么可能承认我应该比别人更完美、我曾经拥有过的最完美的感官成为弱点···· be possessed of　　具有; 拥有 be in possession of 拥有……(主语为人) be in the possession of (sb. )(=be in one’s possession) (某物)被(某人)拥有 take possession of 占有; 拥有 28. abandon vt. 中止, 放弃, 不再有; 抛弃; 舍弃n. 放任, 放纵→abandoned adj. 被遗弃的; 废弃的; 放纵的 【教材原句】Even in his darkest moments, however, Beethoven never abandoned hope. 然而, 即使在那些最晦暗的时刻, 贝多芬都不曾放弃希望。 abandon oneself to　陷入; 沉溺于 abandon doing. . . 放弃做…… with abandon 放纵地; 尽情地 be abandoned to 沉湎于…… 经典句型 1. as if/ though 引导状语从句 【教材原句】When the two lovers, Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, first meet, the music is light and pleasant, as if whispering to the audience. 当梁山伯和祝英台这对相爱的人见面时, 音乐轻松悦耳, 仿佛在向观众耳语。 (1)如果as if所引导的从句表示的是真实的或极有可能发生的情况时, 句子要用陈述语气。 (2)当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极少发生或存在的情况时, 从句用虚拟语气: ①从句用一般过去时(与现在的事实相反) ②从句用过去完成时(与过去的事实相反) ③从句用would/could/might do形式(与将来的事实相反) as if /though引导的从句中的主语和主句主语一致, 且含有be动词时, 从句中的主语和be动词常常可以省略。 2. 形容词作伴随状语 【教材原句】Angry and sad, Liang falls sick and dies. 又愤怒又悲伤, 梁山伯病倒去世了。 形容词短语作状语, 表示行为方式或伴随状况。有时表示意义上的增补, 其逻辑主语是句子的主语。 3.by the time 引导时间状语从句 By the time he was a teenager, he had already enjoyed a reputation as a wonderful young musician. 他少年时就已被誉为一名出色的年轻音乐家。 by the time/end of. . . 引导的短语作状语时, 主句一般要用完成时。 (1)up to now; so far; till now; ever since; since then; since+从句; in the last/ past+一段时间等作状语时, 主句一般用完成时。 (2)It/This/That is/was the first/second/. . . time+that. . . 句型中, that从句用完成时。 4. 状语从句的省略形式 When composing music at the piano, he would put one end of a pencil in his mouth and place the other end against the instrument so that he could feel the notes. 当他用钢琴谱曲时, 他会把铅笔的一头放进嘴里, 把另一头贴在乐器上, 这样他就能感觉到音符。 状语从句的省略有两种形式: (1)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致, 且从句中含有be动词时, 可将从句的主语和be动词一起省略。 (2)当从句中含有“it+be动词”时, 可将it和be动词省略。 语法 动词v-ing 形式作主语和宾语 一、动词-ing形式作主语 1. 动词-ing形式作主语时，多表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词多用单数形式，其被动形式为being done。 Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language. 大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。 温馨提示　(1)意义不同的两个动词-ing形式并列作主语时，谓语动词需用复数形式。 Painting and collecting stamps are his hobbies. 画画和收集邮票是他的爱好。 (2)不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作。 Singing is my hobby，and to sing at my friend’s birthday party is my dream. 唱歌是我的爱好，在朋友的生日宴会上唱歌是我的梦想。 2. 形式主语it代替v.-ing形式作主语。 此类句式常见的有： It’s a waste of time doing sth.做某事是浪费时间的。 It’s useless/worthwhile doing sth.做某事是没用/值得的。 It’s no good/use/fun doing sth.做某事没好处/没用/没意思。 It is no use waiting for other people to make decisions for you. 等待别人为你做决定是没有用的。 It is a waste of time persuading such a stubborn person to join us. 劝说如此固执的一个人加入我们是浪费时间。 3. 动词-ing形式的复合结构作主语时的两种形式： (1)形容词性物主代词＋动词-ing形式； (2)名词(有生命的名词)’s＋动词-ing形式。 二、动词-ing形式作宾语 1. 常接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词(短语) appreciate(欣赏)，consider(考虑)，delay(推迟)，avoid(避免)，finish(完成)，imagine(想象)，miss(错过)，mean(意味着)，resist(抗拒)，risk(冒险)，suggest(建议)，mind(介意)，escape(避开)，admit(承认)，allow(允许)，give up(放弃)，insist on(坚决要求)，feel like(想要)，be used to(习惯于)，lead to(导致)，look forward to(期待，盼望)等。 2. 作介词的宾语 动词-ing形式位于介词之后，构成介词短语，在句中作定语或状语。 3. 在以下结构中，动词-ing形式作介词的宾语，介词常省略 spend...(in) doing sth花费……做某事 have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth做……有困难/麻烦 stop/prevent...(from) doing sth阻止……做某事 waste time (in) doing sth浪费时间做某事 be busy (in) doing sth忙于做某事 have a good/hard time (in) doing sth高兴做某事/费力做某事 There is no point (in) doing sth做某事毫无意义。 4. 有些动词(短语)后跟不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语均可，但含义不同。常见的有： 动词 宾语的形式 意义 forget to do 忘记做…… doing 忘记做过…… remember to do 记着要去做…… doing 记得做过…… regret to do 遗憾/抱歉要做…… doing 后悔做了…… try to do 尽力做…… doing 尝试做…… mean to do 打算做…… doing 意味着…… go on to do 接着做(另外一件事) doing 接着做(同一件事) stop to do 停下来去做…… doing 停止做…… 5. 下列动词可接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。 need/want/require/deserve doing＝need/want/require/deserve to be done 6. 动词-ing形式的复合结构作宾语 作宾语的动词-ing形式的复合结构的肯定形式为： ＋动词-ing形式 温馨提示　动词-ing形式的复合结构的否定形式为：形容词性物主代词/代词(宾格)/名词/名词的所有格＋not doing...。 1. 单词拼写 1. He ________(小声说) in order to avoid being overheard by their noisy neighbours. 2. Fascinated by Chinese culture, she’s taken part in activities on ________(民间的) arts. 3. Transportation invoices must be received within 60 days of your visit to ________(确保)the scholarship. 4. These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and blood ________(流动). 5. It is the first machine that can debate ________(复杂的) topics with humans. 6. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel ________(放弃). 7. The service at the Blue Moon Restaurant lived up to its ________(名誉), for we were well served. 8. We are in the process of ________(转变) from an industrial society to a service and information society. 9. Dance expresses love and hate, joy and ________(悲伤), life and death, and everything else in between. 10. As far as I'm concerned, the trend ________(值得) our attention. 【答案】 1. whispered 2. folk 3. guarantee 4. flow 5. complicated 6. abandoned 7. reputation 8. transforming 9. sorrow 10. deserves 二. 用方框内所给短语完成句子。 throw in tear apart rely on get down to consist of for good measure 1. The pianist gave a long and varied recital, with a couple of encores ________________. 2. Instead of ________________ a new task as I had expected, he examined the previous work again. 3. In return for your support, we are going to ________________ that couch you like. 4. In the ancient times, people needed to ________________ nature to survive so they held it in awe. 5. I can’t just sit here and let these people ________________ my family like this. 6. The medical team ________________ five doctors and seven nurses has been sent to South Africa. 【答案】 1. for good measure 2. getting down to 3. throw in 4. rely on 5. tear apart 6. consisting of 三. 用所给词的适当形式填空(词汇) 1. ________(gift)with a superb voice, she became the Opera's leading soprano. 2. She has already begun to earn ________ reputation as a singer. 3. The man in the river ________(desperate) tried to reach the side. 4. We are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to ________(live) in the sun’s light. 5. The town walls were built as a ________(defend) against enemy attacks. 6. A single woman with brains deserves ________(have) equal opportunities to men. 7. Then the police found an ________(abandon) car not far from the spot. 8. You can assess the new secretary and see if she is ________(suit) for the position. 9. It is out of my ________(expect) that we can have a delivery service here. 10. Mr. Julia is very ________(rely)--if he promises to do something, he will do it. 【答案】 1. Gifted 2. a 3. desperately 4. living 5. defence 6. to have 7. abandoned 8. suitable 9. expectation 10. reliable 四.完成句子 1.我们回到家里，又累又饿，但我们都受益匪浅。 We went back home, ________________________, but all of us benefited a lot. 2.事实证明他没有说谎，这让我们感到宽慰。 ________________________, which made us relieved. 3.对这些新规则发牢骚没有用。适应它们是明智的。 ________________________s. It’s wise to adjust to them. 4.这两个骗子假装裁布，好像在制作衣服。 The two cheats pretended to cut out cloth, ________________________. 5.他开始上小学时，就学会了五百多个英语单词了。 ________________________, he had already learned 500 English words. 6.整座城市到处是梨花，看上去就像是覆盖了一层雪。 The city, ________________________, looks as if it were covered with snow. 【答案】 1. tired and hungry 2. It turned out that she didn’t tell lies 3. It is no use complaining about the new rules 4. as if making clothes 5. By the time he began to go to primary school 6. covered with pear flowers 五. 用所给词的适当形式填空。(语法) 1. ________(educate) in a famous university is what most students desire for. 2. It’s a great pleasure ________(wander) along the beach when the moon is hanging high. 3. ________(waste) a person’s time is the same as killing him for his property. 4. ________(develop) a good habit can help improve your learning efficiency. 5. Please trust me that ________(leave) it with me should be a good choice. 6. I wish my mother would stop ________(interfere) and let me make my own decisions. 7. He deserves ________(lock) up forever for what he did. 8. The condition prevents the blood from ________(circulate) freely. 9. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid ________(miss) the moment I am attempting to photograph. 10. After ________(expose) to the strong radiation for a long time, those workers are suffering worse and worse health conditions. 【答案】 1. Being educated 2. wandering 3. Wasting 4. Developing 5. leaving 6. interfering 7. locking/ to be locked 8. circulating 9. missing 10. being exposed ( 13 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$