7.2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷)（含答题卡）-【高考密码】2022-2024三年高考英语真题汇编试卷

绝密★启用前 2023 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷) 英语 本试卷满分100分,考试时间90分钟。 1.A.freer 第一部分,知识运用(共两节,30分) B. shyer C. calmer 第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分) D. happier 甚 2. A. nod 阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的 B. point C. listen A.B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。 D. chat I was always timid(羞怯的).Being new to 3. A. weep B. rest a 1,so it was sur- the school made me even C. write D. read prising I'd 2 to anyone around me. Now I 4. A. learning B. playing was paying the price-to write a five-page es- C. planning D. laughing say on"Why I Should Not Talk in Class". That 5. A. standing out B. flying by would take all night! C. breaking up D. checking in 亮 After I got home, though,I took my time 6. A. celebrating B. longing petting the cat-postponing the pain. C. complaining D. warning When I finally sat down to 3 ,I began 7. A. lecture = with the reasons Ms Black would want to hear. B. reason C. reward D. solution Talking kept me and my neighbours from 8. A. Therefore B. Moreover 4 . One paragraph down; now what?I C. Meanwhile D. Instead chewed on my pencil. Aha! What if talking 9. A. hope B. imagine were the first step towards life as a criminal? C. tell D. predict 号树 Without the education I was throwing away,I'd 10. A. patience B. confidence turn to theft and go to prison. When I got out. C. tolerance people would say,"She used to talk in class." D. independence The pages began 5. 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分) 将 But when mum got home from work,I was 阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未 still 6 ,"Five pages! That's impossible!" 给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在 “Well, you'd better get back to work,"she 给出提示词的空自处用括号内所给词的正确形 said,"and I want to read it when you're 式填空。 through.” A 班 Soon after dinner, I handed the essay to Every culture is riddled with unwritten mum. I half expected a 7 -at least an"I rules,such as ones on punctuality(守时).I'm hope you've learned your lesson". 8 ,mum British. Soon after moving to Switzerland,I laughed and laughed as she read. 11 (throw) a house-warming party and The next day, when Ms Black read the es was greatly surprised when all 3o guests say to the class, everyone laughed. I could showed up 12 (exact)on time. Years later. 9 they weren't making fun of me: they having moved to France,I turned up at the ap laughed because I had the power to tell a funny pointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no story. My 1o still needed some nudging(激 other guest 13 (arrive)and my hostess was 发),but I did learn I wasn't shy in print. still in her sleeping suit. 2023·北京卷 第1页(共8页) B The 4-Week Learning Sprint is open to an- Mangroves,known as"red forest"in Chi- yone,with the target audience aged between 20 na,grow between land and sea, characterised and 28. by their complex roots. When 14(see) After successfully completing the 4-Week from afar, the mangrove forests appear more Learning Sprint, you will need to submit a plan splendid. Mangroves can help soften waves and for a sport-based project, which you will work (city) from coastal winds. For protect 15 on if selected as an IOC Young Leader. these reasons, they are praised as"coastal Reauirements for the Applicants guardians”. Up to now,China 16 (estab- · You have successfully completed the 4- lish) a number of protected areas with man- Week Learning Sprint. groves. · You have completed your high school C studies. Nina has run marathons in 32 countries. · You have at least one year of work ex- All of her runs have a guiding purpose: to call perience. attention 17 global water issues. Nina re- ·You have strong public speaking skills. cently finished her year-long series of runs in · You are self-motivated and committed. thousands were attending a Chicago, 18 · You are passionate about creating posi- water conference. She called for action 19 tive change in your community. (address) the struggles of people around the · You are open to being coached and ad- world 1 20 )(face)"too little water or too vised by experts and peers(同伴). dirty water". Her efforts have encouraged oth · You are able to work with people from ers to take part by running through a global different backgrounds. campaign called“Run Blue". 21. In the 4-Week Learning Sprint,participants 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,38分) will 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分,共28分) A. create change in their community 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D B. attend a virtual learning programme 四个选项中,选出最佳选项。 C. meet people from different backgrounds A D. promote the IOC Young Leaders project The International Olympic Committee 22. If selected as an IOC Young Leader, one (IOC) Young Leaders programme empowers will need to 1 talents to make a positive difference in theil A. complete a reflection task each week s through sport. Twenty-five communities B. watch sports on the IOC channel Young Leaders are being selected every two C. work on a sport-based project years for a four-year period. They promote the D. coach and advise their peers Olympic values, spreading the message of sport 23. Which is a requirement for the applicants? for good. A. Spreading the message of sport for good. To be an IOC Young Leader, you need to B. Having at least one-year work experience. first complete the 4-Week Learning Sprint(冲 C. Showing great passion for project planning 刺). D. Committing themselves to becoming an ex 4-Week Learning Sprint pert. B The 4-Week Learning Sprint, which will take place during November 2o23,is a virtual Sitting in the garden for my friend's birth learning programme. The sessions can be at- day,I felt a buzz(振动)in my pocket. My heart tended live or watched back after they are made raced when I saw the email sender's name. The available on the IOC channel. Each week, par email started off:"Dear Mr Green, thank you ticipants will be asked to complete a topic-spe- for your interest"and"the review process took cific reflection task longer than expected". It ended with"We are 2023·北京卷 第2页(共8页) sorry to inform you..."and my vision blurred 25. After talking with Professor Devon, the au- (模糊). The position-measuring soil quality thor decided to _) in the Sahara Desert as part of an undergradu A. criticise the review process ate research programme-had felt like the an B. stay longer in the Sahara Desert swer I had spent years looking for. I had put so C. apply to the original project again much time and emotional energy into applying D. put his heart and soul into the lab work and I thought the rejection meant the end of 26. According to the author, the project with the road for my science career. the robotics professor was So I was shocked when, not long after the A. demanding B. inspiring email,Professor Mary Devon,who was running C. misleading D. amusing the programme,invited me to observe the work 27. What can we learn from this passage? being done in her lab. I jumped at the chance. A. An invitation is a reputation. and a few weeks later I was equally shocked B. An innovation is a resolution. and overjoyed-when she invited me to talk with her about potential projects I could pursue C. A rejection can be a redirection D. A reflection can be a restriction. in her lab. What she proposed didn't seem as C exciting as the original project I had applied to In recent years, researchers from diverse but I was going to give it my all. fields have agreed that short-termism is now a I found myself working with a robotics significant problem in industrialised societies. professor on techniques for collecting data from The inability to engage with longer-term cau the desert remotely. That project, which I could ses and consequences leads to some of the complete from my sofa instead of in the burn world's most serious problems:climate change ing heat of the desert, not only survived the lockdown but worked where traditional meth- biodiversity collapse, and more. The historian ods didn't. In the end,I had a new scientific in Francis Cole argues that the West has entered a period where "only the present exists,a pres- terest to pursue. When I applied to graduate school,I found ent characterised at once by the cruelty of the three programmes promising to allow me to instant and by the boredom of an unending now”. follow my desired research direction. And I ap plied with the same anxious excitement as be- It has been proved that people have a bias fore. When I was rejected from one that had (偏向) towards the present,focusing on loud seemed like a perfect fit, it was undoubtedl attractions in the moment at the expense of the difficult. But this time I had the perspective(视 health, well-being and financial stability of 角) to keep it from sending me into panic. It their future selves or community. In business. helped that in the end I was accepted into one this bias surfaces as short-sighted decisions. of the other programmes I was also excited a- And on slow-burning problems like climate bout. change, it translates into the unwillingness to Rather than setting plans in stone, I've make small sacrifices(牺牲)today that could learned that sometimes I need to take the op make a major difference tomorrow. Instead, all portunities that are offered, even if they don't that matters is next quarter's profit,or satisfy sound perfect at the time,and make the most of ing some other near-term desires. These biased them. perspectives cannot be 24. How did the author feel upon seeing the blamed on one single cause. It is fair to say, email sender's name? though, that our psychological biases play a A. Anxious. B. Angry. major role. People's hesitancy to delay satis C. Surprised. D. Settled. faction is the most obvious example, but there 2023·北京卷 第3页(共8页) are others. One of them is about how the most D accessible information in the present affects de What is life? Like most great questions. cisions about the future. For instance, you this one is easy to ask but difficult to answer. might hear someone say:"It's cold this winter The reason is simple: we know of just one type so I needn't worry about global warming."An of life and it's challenging to do science with a other is that loud and urgent matters are given sample size of one. The field of artificial life- called ALife for short-is the systematic at- too much importance, making people ignore tempt to spell out life's fundamental princi- longer-term trends that arguably matter more. ples. Many of these practitioners, so-called This is when a pop star draws far more atten- ALifers,think that somehow making life is the tion than, say,gradual biodiversity decline. surest way to really understand what life is. As a psychologist once joked,if aliens(外星人) So far no one has convincingly made artifi- wanted to weaken humanity, they wouldn't send cial life. This track record makes ALife a ripe ships; they would invent climate change. In target for criticism, such as declarations of the deed,when it comes to environmental transfor field's doubtful scientific value. Alan Smith,a mations, we can develop a form of collective complexity scientist, is tired of such com “poor memory",and each new generation can plaints. Asking about"the point"of ALife might believe the state of affairs they encounter is be, well, missing the point entirely, he says. “The existence of a living system is not about nothing out of the ordinary. Older people to- the use of anything,”Alan says."Some people day,for example,can remember a time with in- ask me,'So what's the worth of artificial life?' sect-covered car windscreens after long drives. Do you ever think,'What is the worth of your Children,on the other hand, have no idea that grandmother?'" insect population has dropped dramatically. As much as many ALifers hate emphasi- 28. The author quotes Francis Cole mainly to sing their research's applications, the attempts to create artificial life could have practical pay- A. draw a comparison offs. Artificial intelligence may be considered B. introduce a topic ALife's cousin in that researchers in both fields C. evaluate a statement are enamoured by a concept called open-ended evolution(演化). This is the capacity for a sys D. highlight a problem tem to create essentially endless complexity,to 29. What can be inferred from the last para- be a sort of"novelty generator". The only sys graph? tem known to exhibit this is Earth's biosphere. A. Climate change has been forgotten. If the field of ALife manages to reproduce life's B. L.essons of history are highly valued. endless"creativity”in some virtual model, those C. The human mind is bad at noting slow same principles could give rise to truly inven change. tive machines. D. Humans are unwilling to admit their short Compared with the developments of AI. comings. advances in ALife are harder to recognise. One 30. W hat does the author intend to tell us? reason is that ALife is a field in which the cen- A. Far-sighted thinking matters to humans. tral concept-life itsell-is undefined. The lack B. Humans tend to make long-term sacri- of agreement among ALifers doesn't help ei- fices. ther. The result is a diverse line of projects that each advance along their unique paths. For bet- C. Current policies facilitate future decision ter or worse, ALife mirrors the very subject it making. studies. Its muddled( 混 乱 的)progression is D. Bias towards the present helps reduce a striking parallel(平行线) to the evolutionary near-term desires. struggles that have shaped Earth's biosphere. 2023·北京卷 第4页(共8页) Undefined and uncontrolled, ALife drives Emerging research suggests that courses its followers to repurpose old ideas and gener-O 过in lower-ranked universities, on average. ate novelty. It may be, of course, that these scored higher on teaching than courses in high characteristics aren't in any way surprising or er-ranked universities. 37 The absence of singular. They may apply universally to all acts teaching excellence from the rankings is sur of evolution. Ultimately ALife may be nothing prising given the link between high-quality special. But even this dismissal suggests some- teaching and student success. Quality teaching thing: perhaps, just like life itself throughout is one of the most important predictors of a the universe, the rise of ALife will prove una- wide range of college outcomes. voidable. Rankings, however, are only one reason 31. Regarding Alan Smith's defence of ALife why a low value is placed on teaching in higher the author is education. Administrators often don't view A. supportive B. puzzled teaching excellence as a way to increase enrol- C. unconcerned ment(注册)or funding. D. doubtful 38 Research 32. What does the word "enamoured" under- shows that the more time instructors spend on lined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? teaching,the lower their salary. What is the re A. Shocked. B. Protected. sult? Many instructors continue to teach using C. Attracted. D. Challenged. traditional lectures,which lead to lower success 33. What can we learn from this passage? rates. A. ALife holds the key to human future. 39 Nevertheless, not much will B. ALife and AI share a common feature. change until schools with high-quality teaching C. AI mirrors the developments of ALife. are rewarded with more resources,higher rank D. AI speeds up the process of human evo- ings and increased enrolments. In the long lution. term, universities, organisations that rank 34. Which would be the best title for the pas schools,and others should work to make teach sage? ing a valued,core part of the mission A. Life Is Undefined. Can AI Be a Way Out? What should students and their families B. Life Evolves, Can AI Help ALife Evolve, Too? do? They should give strong consideration to C. Life Is Undefined, Can ALife Be Defined One universities where high-quality teaching is val- Day? ued, even though the schools may be ranked D. Life Evolves. Can Attempts to Create ALife lower. Evolve, Too? A. Higher education has achieved its true po 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,共10分) tential. 根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选 B. Therefore,it's not highly valued in hiring or 出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为 promotion. 多余选项。 C. Quality teaching has been an important rep It's a joyful and stressful time of year in utation-building factor. the United States for students and their fami- D. However,the rankings ignore a critical fac- lies as they make decisions about where to at- tor: the quality of teaching. tend college. Families often turn to rankings E. Efforts to improve teaching at the university systems to help make a decision. 35 level have recently emerged. When I talk to families as a scholar of F. They're even more surprised at how teach- higher education, they're often surprised tha ing is undervalued by universities. teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. G. In fact, universities often shift emphasis 36 from teaching to other ranking factors. 2023·北京卷 第5页(共8页) 第三部分 书面表达(共两节,32分) 40. How are habits built? 第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分,第42题 3分,第43题5分,共12分) 阅读下面短文,根据题目要求用英文回答 41. In what way is a routine different from a 问题。 habit? Habit formation is the process by which behaviours become automatic. People develop countless habits as they explore the world. 42. Please decide which part is false in the fol whether they are aware of them or not. Under lowing statement,then underline it and ex- standing how habits take shape may be helpfu plain why. in changing bad habits. >Picking up a new habit takes a few weeks. Habits are built through learning and rep while building a healthy habit takes a shor- etition. A person is thought to develop a habit ter time. in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues(刺激) with behavioural responses that help meet the goal. Over time. thoughts of the behaviour and ultimately the 43. What benefit (s) have you got from one of behaviour itself are likely to be triggered(触 your good habits?(In about 40 words) 发)by these cues. A“habit loop(环)”is a way of describing several related elements that produce habits. These elements are called the cue,the routine 第二节(20分) and the reward. For example, stress could serve 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英 as a cue that one responds to by eating,which 国好友Jim正在策划一次以“绿色北京”为主 produces the reward-the reduction of stress. 题的社团活动,他发来邮件询问你的建议 While a routine involves repeated behaviour. 请你用英文给他回复,内容包括; it's not necessarily performed in response to a (1)活动形式; deep-rooted urge,as a habit is. (2)活动内容 Old habits can be difficult to shake, and 注意:(1)词数100左右; healthy habits are often harder to develop. Bu (2)开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。 through repetition, it's possible to form new Dear Jim. habits. The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors,including the individual and the intended behaviour. While you are able to pick up a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit. Take some time to think about what leads to bad habits and re-evaluate what you get ou of them(or don't). Consider and keep in mind Yours. why you want to make a change,including how Li Hua the change reflects your values. 2023·北京卷 第8页(共8页)2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 第二节 (北京卷) A 体裁:说明文 主题语境:人与社会-良好的人际关系与 第一部分 知识运用 社会交往--不同国家和地区的不成文的规定 【文章大意】 第一节 文章以作者出席不同国家的聚会为例,表明每 一个国家或地区都有独属于自己的不成文的规定。 体裁:记叙文 主题语境:人与自我--学校生活--“我” 11.threw 考查动词的时态 因被老师罚写五页纸的检讨而认识到自已写作方面的能力 【解析】根据“andwasgreatly 【文章大意】文章主要讲述了“我”很害羞,却因在课堂上与 surprised”可知,此处讲述的是过去发生的事,应用一般过 去时。故填threw。 同学讲话而被老师罚写五页纸的检讨说明自己为什么不应 12.exactly考查词性转换【解析】此处表示让“我”深感惊 该在课堂上讲话,妈妈和同学们看完“我”写的检讨后都被逗 讶的是,30个客人全部非常准时地出席了乔迁派对。分 笑了,这使“我”认识到自己在写作上并不羞怯的故事。 1.B 考查形容词辨析 【解析】根据上文中的“Iwasalways 析句子结构可知,此处应用副词exactlv修饰介词短语 “on time”。故填exactly。 timid(羞怯的). Being new to the school made me even”可 13.hadarrived 考查动词的时态 知,“我”总是很害羞,成为学校新生让“我”更加害羞。故 【解析】此处表示当“我” 按约定时间赴宴时,却发现其他客人都没到。arrive这个 选B。 2.D 考查动词辨析【解析】根据下文中的“·WhyIShould 动作发生在“过去的过去”,即“我”赴宴之前,此处应用过 Not TalkinClass'”及语境可知,成为学校新生让“我”更 去完成时,故填hadarrived。 B 加害羞,因此“我”和周围的人聊天(这件事)是令人吃惊 体裁:说明文 主题语境:人与自然一一自然环境、人与植物 的。故选D。 -红树林 3.C 考查动词辨析 【解析】根据上文中的“Iwaspaying 【文章大意】 文章主要介绍了“海岸卫士”--红树林。 the price-to write a five-page essay on'Why I Should Not 14.seen 考查省略 【解析】分析句子结构可知,When引导 TalkinClass’”及语境可知,当“我”终于坐下来写(五页纸 时间状语从句,因主、从句主语相同,均为“themangrove 的文章)时,“我”从Black老师想要听到的原因开始写起。 forests”,且从句的谓语部分含有be动词的某种形式,所 故选C。 以此处省略了从句中的主语和be动词,构成了省略句; 4.A 考查动词辨析 【解析】根据下文中的“Withoutthe 从句主语与动词see之间构成被动关系,此处应用see的 educationIwas throwingaway”及语境可知,上课讲话妨 过去分词形式。从句补充完整为:Whenthemangrove 碍“我”和周围的同学学习。故选A。 forests are seen from afar。故填 seen. 5.B 考查动词短语辨析 【解析】根据上文“Aha!Whatif 15.cities 考查名词的单复数 【解析】此处表示红树林既可 talking were the first step towards life as a criminal?"及语 以减缓海浪冲击还可以保护城市免受海风影响。city为 境可知,“我”文思泉涌。此处表示纸张开始快速翻页。故 可数名词,其前无不定冠词修饰,此处应用其复数形式。 选B。 故填cities。 6.C 考查动词辨析 【解析】根据下文“·Fivepages! {16. has established 1考查动词的时态和主谓一致 【解析】此 That'simpossible!'”及语境可知,妈妈下班回家时,“我” 处表示到目前为止,中国已经建立了大量的红树林保护 仍在抱怨。故选C。 区。根据时间状语“Uptonow”可知,此处应用现在完成 7.A 考查名词辨析 【解析】根据下文中的“Ihopeyou've 时;且主语为“China”,谓语动词应用单三形式。故填ha learnedyour lesson”及语境可知,“我”本以为会听到一顿 established。 训斥--至少是一句“我希望你已经汲取了教训”。lecture 意为“训斥”,符合语境。故选A。 体裁:记叙文 主题语境:人与社会公益事业与志愿服 8.D 考查副词辨析 【解析】根据上文中的“at leastan'I 务-通过参加马拉松比赛来引起大家关注水资源短缺 hope you've learned your lesson'”和下 文 中的“mum 【文章大意】文章讲述了Nina通过参加马拉松比赛来呼吁大 laughedandlaughed”可知,此处表示相反,妈妈一边读一 家关注全球水资源问题。 边笑。故选D。 17.to考查介词 【解析】固定搭配callattentionto意为“ 9.C 考查动词辨析 【解析】根据下文中的“theyweren't 引起注意”。故填to。 making fun of me:they laughed because I had the power to 18. where 考查定语从句 【解析】分析句子结构可知,空格 tellafunnystory”可知,此处表示“我”能判断出他们不是 处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是“Chicago”,表地点, 在取笑“我”。tell意为“知道,看出,确切地判断”,符合语 关系词在从句中作地点状语,应用where引导该从句。 境。故选C。 故填where。 10.B 考查名词辨析 【解析】根据上文“Iwasalwaystimid 19.toaddress 考查非谓语动词【解析】分析句子结构可 (羞怯的).”和下文中的“but Idid learnIwasn't shyin 知,此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填toaddress。 print”及语境可知,“我”的自信仍需要被激发,但“我”确 20.facing 考查非谓语动词【解析】分析句子结构可知,逻 实了解到自己在写作方面并不害羞。confidence与shy 辑主语“people around the world”与动词face之间构成 形成了鲜明的对比关系。故选B 主谓关系,此处应用现在分词作后置定语。故填facing。 英语答案一-25 第二部分 阅读理解 27.C 推理判断题【解析】通读全文内容可知,“我”起初申 第一节 请项目遭拒,原本以为“我”的科研生涯会就此结束,但后 A 来该项目负责人MaryDevon教授邀请“我”参与她实验 主题语境:人与社会一-大型体育赛事、体育 体裁:应用文 室里的另一个研究项目,这次“我”抓住机会,决定全力以 精神--国际奥委会青年领袖计划 赴,最后“我”有了新的想要追逐的科学兴趣,并且明白了 【文章大意】 文章主要介绍了国际奥委会青年领袖计划的 与其制定一成不变的计划,不如随机应变,充分利用每一 目的、内容以及对申请者的要求。 次机会。C项“拒绝可能是重新定向(暗喻柳暗花明又一 21.B 细节理解题 【解析】根据4-Week Learning Sprint部 村)”体现了本文主旨。故选C。 C 分第一段第一句中的“is a virtual learningprogramme”可 体裁:议论文 知,在为期四周的学习冲刺中,参与者将会参加一个虚 主题语境:人与自我一-正确的人生态度 一短期行为 拟学习项目。故选B。 【文章大意】 22.C 细节理解题 【解析】根据4-Week LearningSprint部 文章主要介绍了当前工业社会的一个显著间 题:短期行为,即过分注重短期结果,而忽视长期利益,同时 分第三段“After successfully completing the 4-Week Learning Sprint, you will need to submit a plan for a 启示人们:深思远虑很重要。 28.D 推理判断题 【定位句】①The historianFrancisCole sport-based project, which you will work on if selected as argues that the West has entered a period where"only the an IOCYoungLeader.”可知,在成功完成为期四周的学 present exists,a present characterised at once by the cru 习冲刺后,你需要提交一份以体育为基础的项目方案,如 elty of the instant and by the boredom of an unending 果被选为国际奥委会青年领袖,你将需要参与该项目 now”.(第一段最后一句) 故选C。 译文:历史学家FrancisCole称,西方已经进入了一个“只 23.B 细节理解题 【定位句】You have at least one year of 有现在存在(现在论)的时代,这个现在既具有瞬间的残 work experience.(Requirements for the Applicants 部分第 酷又具有永恒的无聊”。 三点) ②It has been provedthat people have a bias(偏向) to 译文:你有至少一年的工作经验。 wards the present,focusing on loud attractions in the mo 【解析】根据定位句可知,申请者要有至少一年的工作经 ment at the expense of the health, well-being and financial 验。故选B。 stability of their future selves or community.(第二段第 B 一句) 体裁:记叙文 主题语境:人与自我--积极的生活态度 译文:事实证明,人们偏向于当下,专注于当下备受瞩 一充分利用每一次机会 的具有吸引力的事物,(而)牺牲了未来自己或社会的健 【文章大意】文章主要介绍了起初“我”申请本科生研究项 康、幸福和金融稳定。 目遭拒,原本以为“我”的科研生涯会就此结束,但后来Mary 【解析】根据定位句可推知,作者引用FrancisCole的话主 Devon教授--该项目的负责人遨请“我”参与她实验室里 要是为了强调人们只关注眼前的利益,而忽视长远发展 的另一个研究项目,这次“我”抓住机会,决定全力以赴,最终 这一社会问题。故选D。 “我”有了想要追逐的新的科学兴趣,这让“我”明白了与其制 29.C 推理判断题 【定位句】ndeed,when it comes to envi- 定一成不变的计划,不如随机应变,充分利用每一次机会。 ronmental transformations, we can develop a form of col- 24.A 细节理解题 【解析】根据第一段第二句“Myheart lective"poor memory", and each new generation can be lieve the state of affairs they encounter is nothing out of racedwhen I saw the email sender's name."可知,当“我" the ordinary. Older people today,for example, can remem- 看到邮件发送人的名字时,“我”心跳加速。由此可知,作 者看到邮件发送人名字时感到紧张不安。故选A。 ber a time with insect-covered car windscreens after long drives. Children,on the other hand, have no idea that in 25.D 细节理解题 【解析】根据第二段最后一句“Whatshe sect population has dropped dramatically.(第四段最后三 proposed didn't seem as exciting as the original project 句) had applied to,but I was going to give it my all."可知. 译文:的确,就环境变化而言,我们可能出现集体“健忘” Devon教授所提议的项目似乎不像“我”原先申请的那个 的状态,每一代人可能都认为他们遇到的事情并没有什 项目那样令人兴奋,但“我”仍打算全力以赴。D项中的 么不同寻常之处。比如,今天的老年人还记得长途驾驶 “put one's heart and soul"与文中的"give it one's all”为同 后汽车挡风玻璃上爬满了昆虫的情景,另一方面,孩子 义转述。故选D。 们却不知道昆虫的数量已经急剧下降。 26.B 推理判断题 【解析】根据第三段内容尤其是最后一 【解析】根据最后一段尤其是定位句可推知,人类的大脑 句“In the end,I had a new scientific interest to pursue." 不善于留意缓慢的变化。故选C。 可知,最后,“我”有了新的想要追逐的科学兴趣。由此可30.A 推理判断题【定位句】①Inrecentyears,researchers 推知,与机器人技术学教授共同研究的项目是鼓舞人心 from diverse fields have agreed that short-termism is now 的。故选B。 a significant problem in industrialised societies. The ina 英语答案-26 bility to engage with longer-term causes and consequences 中的生命本身一样,人工生命的崛起将被证明是不可避 leads to some of the world's most serious problems: cli- 免的。由此可知,本文主要介绍了“人工生命”的含义、局 mate change,biodiversity collapse, and more.(第一段第 限性、可能的回报及未来前景。因此,D项“生命在进化, 一、二句) 创造人工生命的尝试也能进化吗?”体现了本文主旨,是 译文:近年来,不同领域的研究人员(一致)认为,短期行 本文的最佳标题。故选D。 为现在是工业化社会的一个显著问题。未能处理长期以第二节 来(问题)产生的原因及其后果导致了世界上最严重的一 体裁:说明文 主题语境:人与社会--社会热点问题- 些问题:气侯变化、生物多样性崩溃等等。 如何选择大学 ②Another isthat loudandurgent matters are given too 【文章大意】 文章主要介绍了大部分美国家长在面对为孩 much importance,making people ignore longer-term 子选择哪所大学的问题上都太依赖于已知的大学排名,然而 trends that arguablymatter more.(第三段倒数第二句) 大学排名并不代表该学校真实的教学水平,这种关注排名 译文:另一个原因是人类过于重视备受瞩目和十万火急 而忽视教学水平的现象并不容易改变,所以学生和家长在选 的事情,使得他们忽视了可以说更重要的长期趋势。 择大学的时候应该注重学校的实际教学质量而不仅仅是 【解析】根据全文内容尤其是定位句可推知,作者想告诉 _过排名。 35.D 我们深思远虑对人类来说很重要。故选A。 【解析】上文讲对于美国的学生和他们的家人来说, D 这是一年中既快乐又紧张的时刻,因为他们要决定去哪 体裁:说明文 主题语境:人与社会--社会进步与人类文 里上大学。(他们的)家人往往会向大学排名系统求助从 明“人工生命” 而做出决定;下文讲作为一名高等教育学者,当我和这些 【文章大意】文章主要介绍了“人工生命”的含义、局限性、 家庭沟通时,他们往往会惊讶于学校卓越的教学质量不 可能的回报及未来前景。 计入(学校)排名。D项“然而,排名忽略了一个关键性的 31.A 观点态度题 【解析】根据第二段第四句中的“Asking 因素:教学质量”承上启下,符合语境。故选D。 about' the point'of ALife might be, well, missing the 36.F 【解析】上文讲他们往往会惊讶于学校卓越的教学质 point entirely”可知,AlanSmith认为询问ALife的意义 量不计入(学校)排名。F项“他们甚至会更惊讶于大学是 可能完全错过了重点;结合第五段最后一句中的“just 如何轻视教学的”承接上文,符合语境。故选F。 like life itself throughout the universe, the rise of ALife 37.G【解析】上文讲排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的 willproveunavoidable”可知,就像贯穿整个宇宙的生命 平均得分高于排名较高的大学;下文讲考虑到高质量教 本身一样,人工生命的崛起将被证明是不可避免的。由 学与学生成功之间的联系,排名(系统的衡量因素)中没 有(考虑)卓越的教学质量很令人惊讶。G项“事实上,大 此可推知,关于AlanSmith对ALife的辩解,作者持支持 的态度。故选A。 学经常将重心从教学质量转向其他影响排名的因素”承 32.C 词义猜测题 【解析】根据第三段第一句中的“theat- 上启下,符合语境。选G。 38.B 【解析】上文讲(大学)管理者不会将卓越的教学质量 tempts to create artificial life could have practical payoffs" 视为一种提升入学率和(吸引)投资的方式:下文讲研究 可知,创造人工生命的尝试可能会带来实际的回报;结合 表明,教师花在教学上的时间越多,他们的薪水反而越 画线词所在句中的“by a concept called open-ended evo 低。B项“因此,卓越的教学质量在雇拥教师和教师升职 lution(演化)”可推知,这两个领域的研究人员都迷恋于 一种被称为开放式进化的概念。因此,画线词应意为“使 时并不会受到高度重视”承上启下,符合语境。故选B. 39.E【解析】下文讲然而,在有高质量教学水平的学校获得 迷恋”,与C项意思相近。故选C。 更多的资源、更高的排名和更高的入学率之前,这种情况 33.B 推理判断题 【解析】根据第三段第二句“Artificialin 也不会发生太大的改变。E项“最近出现了(许多)提高 telligence may be considered ALife's cousin in that re- 大学教学水平的努力”与下文衔接紧密,符合语境。故 searchers in both fields are enamoured by a concept called 选E。 open-endedevolution(演化).”可知,人工智能可能被认为 过第三部分 书面表达 是人工生命的表亲,因为这两个领域的研究人员都迷恋 过第一节 于一种被称为开放式进化的概念。由此可推知,人工智 40. Habits are built through learning and repetition 能和人工生命有一个共同的特点--开放式进化。故 41. A routine is not necessarily performed in response to a 选B。 deep-rooted urge. 34.D 标题概括题 【解析】根据第二段第一句“So far no42. Picking up a neu habit takes a few weeks,while build- one has convincingly made artificial life."可知,到目前为 ing a healthy habit takes a shorter time. 止,还没有人令人信服地制造出人工生命;结合最后一段 It takes many months to build a healthy habit. 第三句“They may apply universally to all acts of evolu- 43. I have a good habit of reading books. Reading is an effee- tion.”和最后一句“But eventhis dismissal suggests tive way to get information about almost everything. It something: perhaps,just like life itself throughout the u exposes me to new ways of understanding the world and niverse,the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable."可知. handling different situations. Besides, reading can help 它们可能普遍适用于所有进化行为,也许,就像整个宇宙 merelax andrelievestress.(答案言之有理即可) 英语答案-27 第二节 2023年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 【写作指导】 (浙江卷) 审题:人称;第一、二人称为主 Text 1 时态:现在进行时和一般将来时为主 M: Billy needs some beans for his science project at school. One possible version Maybe we can stop by a store on our way home. Dear Jim. W:Let's go to Greens. It's just around the corner. (介绍写邮件原因)Knowing from your email that you are M:Okay. planning a community activity themed"Green Beijing"{①(宾语 Text 2 从句),I'm writing to offer my advice. Perhaps the following W:Hi, Stephen, guess who I saw at the city library? Andy suggestions are helpful to you. Clarks-the leading actor in The Good Lawyer-the fa (介绍活动形式及内容)First of all,I suggest that you mous TV series. should organize a walking tour around the whole city to ex- M: What was he doing there? His popularity has slipped plore the green spaces in Beijing, which will not only allow since the final season of the show. participants to experience the beauty of the citv's parks and Text3 gardens,but also promote eco-friendly transportation{②(非限 W. It seems as if everybody is talking about Jason's retire 制性定语从句).What's more,another activity recommended ment. is planting trees to contribute to the city's green efforts. Last M: Yes, his office is filled with gifts. I gave him a T-shir but not least, you may as well encourage citizens to live a with a baseball pattern on it. low-carbon life, which can help raise their environmental W. That's nice. I'll get him something this afternoon. Hope awareness^③}?(非限制性定语从句). it's not late. (表示期待)I hope those tips can give you some inspira- Text 4 tion for your community activity. Hoping it will win a great success. W:Did you go to Cooper's last night? Yours. M: No, was there anything special? Li Hua W: Yes, the employees dressed up as movie characters, and 佳句变式: every customer received a discount card. M: That was interesting. ①... that you are planning a community activity whose Text 5 theme is"Green Beijing”... W:Oh, the road is jammed with traffic again. We are going to ②... allowing participants to experience the beauty of the be late for work. city's parks and gardens and promoting eco-friendly transpor M:Let's make a U-turn at the next crossroads and try anoth tation. ③... which can contribute to raise their environmental er way. Text 6 awareness. 官方参考范文 W:Do you think Janet could make it? Dear Jim. M:I'm sure she can. Have you tried calling her? How's everything? W: Yes,of course, But I can't get through. The flight has al- Glad to hear about the upcoming"Green Beijing”event at ready been called twice. What are we going to do? Board without her? I should have reminded her at the office your club. I think it'd be quite nice to have a photograph exhibi- yesterday. She may have totally forgotten it. tion. You can display some pictures about how Beijing has M: Take it easy, Sarah. Let me call her home number. Oh. there she is. kept the city"green", such as the use of solar power and re- Text 7 cyclable materials. In particular, I recommend"green trans- port"since electric vehicles and shared bikes are really popu M: Welcome to our program, Miss Johnson. Congratulations lar here. If you like, I'd be very happy to take some photos on winning the Teacher of the Year award. and email them to you. W. Thank you,Peter. I'm more than happy to be here. If you need any other help, don't hesitate to let me M: What inspired you to be a teacher,Miss Johnson? know. W: Well,I've always loved to learn,but I've enjoyed teaching Best wishes for this great event! others even more. It's in the family. Yours. M:Could you tell us what the best part about your job is? Li Hua W:Getting to know all of the different kids and communica ting with them. I have always loved kids. So,I will always enjoy that part of my job. 英语答案一282023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷） 英语答题卡 姓 名： 准考证号： 贴条形码区 考生 缺考考生由监考员贴条形码，并用2B铅笔填涂下面的缺考标 (正面朝上，请勿贴出虚线方框) 禁填 记。□ 1,答题前，考生将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并认真核实对监考员所粘贴的条形码上的准考证号，姓名、考场 和座位号是否淮确无误。 注意事 2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔将对应题目的答案标号涂黑，修改时用橡皮擦干净，再选择其它答案涂黑。非选择题必 须使用0.5毫米黑色签字笔填写，字体工整，笔迹清楚。 3.请按题号顺序在各题的答题区域内答题，超出答题区域的答案无效，在草稿纸、试题纸上书写的答案无效。 4.保持卡面清洁，完整，严禁折叠，严禁使用涂改液、胶带纸和修正带。 5.正确填涂■ 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 1.[A]B[C][D] 4.[A][B[C[D] 7.[A][B]IC][D] 10.[A][B][C][D] 2.[A]LB][C][D] 5.[A][B][C][D] 8.[A][B][C][D] 3.[A][B][C][D] 6.[A][B][C][D] 9.[A][B][C][D] 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 21.[A][B][C][D] 25.[A][B][C][D] 29.[A][B][C][D] 33.[A][B][C][D] 22.[A][B[C][D] 26.[A][B][C][D] 30.[A][B][C][D] 34.[A][B[C[D] 23.[A][B][C][D] 27.[A][B][C][D] 31.[A][B][C[D] 24.[A][B][C][D] 28.[A][B][C[D] 32.[A][B][C][D] 35.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G]37.[A][B][C][D][E[F][G]39.[A][B[C][D][E][F][G] 36.[A][B][C][D][E[F][G]38.[A]B][C][D][E][F][G] 请在各题目的答通区域内作答，超出边框的答案无效 2023·北京卷第6页（共8页） ■ 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出边框的答案无效 第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题：第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 40. 41. 42. 43. 第二节(20分) Dear Jim, Yours, Li Hua 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，延出边框的答案无效 2023·北京卷第7页（共8页）