专题01 名词（考点精讲）-【中职专用】2025年春季高考英语一轮复习讲练测（山东专用）（原卷版）

►专题01 名词用法梳理 考点精讲 考点01 可数名词的数与变形 (1) 规则变化 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 词尾直接加-s，在清辅音后读/s/,在浊辅音后读/z/ book-books,map-maps 以辅音字母加y结尾的词 先变y为i,再加-es,读/Iz/ family-families,story-stories 以元音字母加y结尾的词 直接加s,读作/z/ boy-boys,holiday-holidays 以s,sh,ch,x结尾的词 直接加-es,读作/Iz/ bus-buses,watch-watches 以f或fe结尾的词 变f或fe为v,再加-es,读/vz/ wife-wives,leaf-leaves 以o结尾的词 以元音字母加o结尾加-s。以辅音字母加o结尾的有生命的加-es，无生命的加-s zoo-zoos，hero-heroes,Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes,photo-photos (2) 不规则变化 情况 例词 改变名词中的元音字母 man-men，woman-women,tooth-teeth,foot-feet 词尾通过加-ren或-en变复数 child-children,ox-oxen 单复数同形 sheep，deer,fish 只有复数形式 clothes，trousers,glasses 一些集体名词总用作复数 people,police 表示某国人 加-s American-Americans,German-Germans 单复数同形 Chinese,Japanese 以man或woman结尾的改为-men,-women Englishman-Englishmen,Frenchwoman-Frenchwomen 情况 例词 合成名词 将主体名词变为复数 son-in-law——sons-in-law,boy-friend——boy-friends 无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数 housewife-housewives man,woman作定语修饰别的名词时，将两部分都变为复数 a man teacher-two men teachers,a woman doctor-two women doctors 考点02 不可数名词 （1）常见的不可数名词: advice,knowledge,information,weather,news,work,money,homework,medicine,fun, food,fish(鱼肉),paper(纸),room(空间),water,rice,bread,progress,luggage等。 (2)修饰不可数名词的常用形容词有: a lot of,lots of,much,plenty of,a great of,a great amount of,little,a little,some等。 （3）表示不可数名词的量，常用“某个量词+of”的形式: 如a piece of news,a cup of tea,a glass of water等。 量词的单复数可根据实际情况使用，如two pieces of news,two cups of tea,three glasses of water。 考点03 名词所有格 （1）-’s所有格 （2）“of＋名词”所有格 （3）双重所有格 （4）-’s所有格的特殊表示形式有： ①用于表示人的名词或表集体、机构的名词后 ②用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后 ③用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后 考点04 名词的句法功能 1.做主语 Mo Yan is a writer.(Mo Yan作主语）莫言是一名作家。 2.作宾语 He likes basketball very much.(basketball作宾语）他很喜欢篮球。 3.作表语 Mary’s father is a doctor.(doctor作表语）玛丽的父亲是医生。 4.作定语 Do you want to be my pen friend?(pen作定语修饰名词friend）你想成为我的笔友吗？ 5.作宾语补足语 We elected her our monitor.(our monitor作宾语补足语） 我们选她为我们的班长。 6.作状语 Come this way，please。（this way作状语）请走这边。 7.作同位语 Mr.Green，our math teacher,is very active.(teacher作同位语） 我们的数学老师格林先生，非常开朗。 重点小练 1.— Whose dictionary is this? — It's my . She bought it yesterday. A.sister B. sister's C. sisters D. sisters' 2.— Would you like to fill in the form? — Sure. Thank you. A.apply B. applied C. applicant D. application 3.---- Please send my Christmas to your grandparents. ---- I will. Thank you. A. greet B. greeting C. greetings D. greets 4.—How far is it from Jinan to Qingdao? —It’s about ______. A. four hours’ drive B. four hour’s drive C. four hour drive D. four hours drive 5. —What’s the ______ for the double room? —200 yuan a night, including breakfast. A. date B. size C. rate D. sale 6.— Whose dictionary is this? — It's my___________ . She bought it yesterday. A.sister B. sister's C. sisters D. sisters' 7.— Would you like to fill in the_________ form? — Sure. Thank you. A.apply B. applied C. applicant D. application 8.—I do morning exercises every day. It works my whole body. —It’s a good habit. It helps you keep in good ________. A． time B．touch C．health D．Silence 9.It’s raining heavily. Please take the ________. A．stone B．flower C．umbrella D．postcard 10.Which ice cream do you want, Mary? You can’t have all of them. You have to make a ________. A．wish B．survey C．choice D．call 好题必测 1.Miss Li has lots of teaching ________. She has her own ways to make classes lively and interesting. A．exercise B．excitement C．experience D．environment 2.—Why do you practice Tai Chi every day? —Because this Chinese form of exercise helps me relax and find my inner ________. A．voice B．quality C．beauty D．peace 3.—Look！They are________. —Yes,we are proud of them. A. woman scientists B.women scientists C.man scientists D.men scientist 4.— Do you know March 21st is World Sleep Day? Sleep is important to us. — Yes. A good sleep gives us ________ and makes us happy. A．truth B．fame C．energy D．culture 5.—How many_____are there in the international village? —Two hundred. A. American B.Englishman C.Germen D.Japanese 6.My grandma is good at paper-cutting. She can cut out pictures in the ________ cartoon characters. A．ability B．weight C．shape D．quality 7. His vivid descriptions of country life quickly became popular, which established his _____________as one of America's greatest writers. A. trust B. contact C. reputation D. theory 8. We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________on our lives in many ways. A. statement B. impact C. impression D. judgment 9.—Last week I met_____in the library. —He is good at playing basketball,too. A. a friend of Mike B.a friend of Mike’s C.a friend of Mikes D.a friend of Mikes’ 10. Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery. A. priority B. potential C. proportion D. pension 11.This is_____bedroom.The twin sisters like it very much. A. Mary and Jane B.Mary’s and Jane’s C.Mary’s and Jane D.Mary and Jane’s 12.They think that _______is more important than money. A. healthy B.fruit C.health D.vegetables 13.You’ll have to get your parents’________ if you want to go on the trip. A. achievement B. announcement C. agreement D. advertisement 14.—The little boy has two______already. —Wow,he is so cute. A. tooth B.tooths C.teeth D.teeths 15.—Look!The students are playing_____on the______. —Yes，they have a good time. A. sand,sands B.sand,sands C.sand,sand D.sands,sands 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！学科网（北京）股份有限公司9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$