Unit 5 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（人教版2019）

SectionⅡ　Learning About Language 主语从句 一、主语从句的定义 在复合句中充当主语的从句叫作主语从句。 What impresses me most is his famous philosophy of life.(2023·全国甲卷，书面表达) 给我印象最深的是他那著名的人生哲学。 It worried the mother that her son was always playing computer games. 儿子总玩电脑游戏，这位母亲对此很担心。 二、主语从句的引导词 1．连接词that和whether/if (1)that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，本身无任何意义，只起连接作用，但不可省略。 That we should develop a healthy lifestyle is crucial. 我们应该养成健康的生活方式， 这很重要。 (2)whether/if在从句中不充当任何句子成分，起连接作用，意为“是否”，不可省略。 Whether the plan will be carried out is still unknown. →It is still unknown whether the plan will be carried out. 这个计划是否会实施还不知道。 whether引导主语从句时，既可直接位于句首，也可以位于句末；if引导主语从句时只能用于it作形式主语的从句中。　 [即时演练1]　完成句子 ①她能来帮助我们使我们很高兴。 That she could come to help us made us very happy. ②她来不来都关系不大。 Whether she comes or not doesn't matter too much. 2．连接代词(who，whom，whose，what，which，whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever等) 连接代词引导主语从句，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 Who will win the first is difficult to guess，because the two players are equal with each other. 谁会赢得比赛很难猜测， 因为两位选手平分秋色。 Whoever shows great interest in cycling is qualified to participate in the competition. 无论谁对骑行感兴趣都有资格参加比赛。 Whatever you do in your spare time should do no harm to others. 你在业余时间做的任何事情都不应该伤害其他人。 who 引导的主语从句表示一件“事情”，而whoever引导的主语从句指“人”。　 3．连接副词(when，where，why，how等) 连接副词引导主语从句并在从句中作状语。 Where I spend my summer holiday is none of your business. 我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。 When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather. 延迟的航班什么时候起飞主要取决于天气状况。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这件事是怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 名词性从句引导词的确定步骤： (1)分析句式结构，明确名词性从句在句中的功能； (2)明确名词性从句所表达的意义； (3)明确名词性从句中所需要的成分及意义； (4)确定从句的连接词。　 [即时演练2]　用适当的引导词填空 ①For example，whoever breaks the traffic rules should be punished. ②That people cut down too many trees destroyed the balance of nature. ③Which part of the country he will travel to needs discussing. ④Exactly when the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain，but it was probably around 1565. ⑤In my opinion，what benefits students most is reading English books，for it can help students gain a deeper understanding of English.(2022·全国乙卷，书面表达) 三、it作形式主语的主语从句 当句子主语过长时，为保持句子平衡，避免头重脚轻，常把主语从句后置，而把形式主语it放在句首。it作形式主语时常用于以下句型： 句型 说明 It＋系动词＋形容词＋主语从句 常用于此句型的形容词有important，(un)likely，possible，necessary，natural，wrong等 It＋系动词＋名词(词组)＋主语从句 常用于此句型的名词(词组)有a fact，an idea，an honour，a wonder，no wonder，a pity等 It＋系动词＋过去分词＋主语从句 常用于此句型的过去分词有known，proved，said，decided，suggested，thought等 It＋不及物动词＋主语从句 常用于此句型的不及物动词有appear，happen，seem，occur，matter等 It is very important that a student (should) learn English well. 学生学好英语很重要。 It is suggested that the meeting(should) be put off. 有人建议会议延期召开。 It depends on the weather whether they are going shopping today. 他们今天是否去购物还得看天气情况。 [即时演练3]　句式转换 ①That he suddenly fell ill last month surprised us. →It surprised us that he suddenly fell ill last month. ②Whether they will sell the house hasn't been decided yet. →It hasn't been decided yet whether they will sell the house. ③That English is widely spoken in the world is known to us all. →It is known to us all that English is widely spoken in the world. 四、主语从句的语序和时态问题 1．主语从句和其他名词性从句一样必须使用陈述语序，尤其是当主语从句是疑问词引导的时候，主语从句的语序仍须使用陈述语序。 Who/Whom he will go to Beijing with remains unknown. 他将和谁一起去北京还不知道。 2．主语从句的时态需要根据具体语境来确定，尤其是当when引导主语从句的时候，会和when引导的时间状语从句混淆而误用现在时表将来。 When he will come back is still unclear. 他什么时候回来还不清楚。 [即时演练4]　单句语法填空 ①What surprised me most was (be) that he failed in the exam which was very easy. ②It has been found that plastics can be widely used in industries. ③When and where the meeting will be held has been decided (decide) already. 五、从句作主语时谓语动词的单复数 从句作主语相当于名词，和非谓语动词的动词­ing形式或者不定式作主语一样看作单数，句子谓语应该使用单数形式。what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词可用复数形式。 That you don't like him is none of my business. 你不喜欢他不关我的事。 What the doctors really doubt is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. 医生们真正怀疑的是我妈妈是否不久就能从这场重病中恢复过来。 What are often regarded as poisonous fungi are sometimes safely edible. 通常被认为有毒的真菌有时可以安全食用。 [即时演练5]　单句语法填空 ①Whether it will do us harm or good remains (remain) to be seen. ②What are used as chief building materials today are (be) steel and concrete. ③What makes it different from others is (be) that the vegetables here are grown without any chemical fertilizer. Ⅰ.把下列每题中的两个简单句合并为一个含有名词性从句的复合句 1．Why did they suddenly disappear？It still remains a mystery. →Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. 2．He said a lot at the meeting.His words were very attractive. →What he said at the meeting was very attractive. 3．It was a pity.You missed such a good lecture. →It was a pity that you missed such a good lecture. 4．We should practise oral English for an hour every day.It is our rule. →It is our rule that we should practise oral English for an hour every day. 5．Shall we go picnicking tomorrow？It depends on the weather. →Whether we will go picnicking tomorrow depends on the weather. Ⅱ.学习“A Pioneer for all People”这篇课文后， 你有何感想？ 谈谈你的收获， 至少使用三个主语从句 Firstly，1.what moves me most is (最让我感动的是)Yuan Longping's determination to tackle the crisis of the serious shortage of food and his dream to feed more people in the world.Not only should we care about ourselves，but also we should care about others. Secondly，2.what makes him a great agriculturist is his intense effort to overcome kinds of difficulties (使他成为伟大的农学家的是他克服各种困难的不懈努力).As a student，3.I think it is important that we should study hard (我认为我们应该努力学习是重要的) and never give up when facing difficulties. Last but not least，4.whether we can succeed depends on (我们能否成功取决于) whether we devote ourselves to our work. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．It is obvious that holding this activity is very meaningful to us. 2．What I want to say is that exercise is as useful and important as your study. 3．It is worrying that long time on the cellphone and being lazy put their health in bad condition. 4．It is a great pity that a famous host died of cancer at the age of fifty. 5．It is suggested that the meeting should be put off because of the bad weather. 6．What I'm concerned about most is whether we can collect a huge amount of information in such a short time. 7．Whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. 8．It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel. 9．That he will come to our village tomorrow surprises us all. 10．When he will come back from Canada isn't known，so I will call him up to check the exact time. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．众所周知， 我们可以从打乒乓球中得到很多益处。 It is known that we can benefit a lot from playing table tennis. 2．正如你所知，我们将要做的事是尽快解决这个问题。 As you know，what we'll do is tackle the problem quickly. 3．他们所做的事情深深地感动了我们，我们的泪水止不住地往下流。(读后续写之哭泣描写) What they had done deeply moved us，our tears rolling down without control. 4．吃绿色蔬菜有助于增强体力，这一点已经得到证实。 It has been proved that eating green vegetables contributes to building up strength. 5．他们什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。 When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet. 6．你将要来伦敦是这么长时间以来我听到的最好的消息。 That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time. 7．她在会上所说的话对公司的发展非常重要。 What she said at the meeting is of great importance to the development of the company. 8．我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。 Where I spend my summer vacation is none of your business. Ⅲ.语法填空(用适当的引导词完成下面的短文) It remains unknown 1.whether organic food is really better for people.I have searched long and it's hard to find the answer.But I couldn't find any scientific studies to prove or disprove 2.that organic food is better.3.What makes organic products popular is that they are free from the chemicals used on conventionally grown products.So，I turned my attention to these chemicals.Most reports claim that these chemicals，4.if handled properly and used in small amounts，are not dangerous to humans.Although pesticides can be beneficial to society，they can also pose risks to human health and the environment if they are improperly handled.5.That children are easily harmed by pesticide exposure is widely accepted.The effects of exposure to pesticides including poisoning，eye damage and so on. So，6.what I've found is that there is no evidence that these chemicals can cause serious health problems when handled properly.There is no evidence that they can't either.In fact，it is true 7.that we have to make our own decisions whether to buy organic food or not. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A It's March in Africa.On the farm，local people are dancing and singing to celebrate their recent harvest.Their hard work has paid off and got beautiful fruit—white and fragrant rice! This is the Second Farm in Xai­Xai.Mozambique，where Yi Yun has been working for six years.The 37­year­old from Liaoning，China，followed his Chinese company here as a project manager.The company runs a project to grow rice on the farm，which covers about 1，667 hectares. “When we first arrived in 2017，the farm was full of weeds (杂草)，as tall as a man，” said Yi.After clearing the weeds，the company began to teach locals farming skills.“We taught them how to drive tractors (拖拉机) and harvesters，and how to grow rice step by step including sowing seeds and spraying pesticide.” Since 2000，when the Forum on China­Africa Cooperation started，an increasing number of Chinese companies and organizations have gone to Africa to work in the agriculture industry.“We bring in new techniques，equipment and high­quality seeds，” said Yi. “Local people are happy that we are here because we not only help them solve food problems but also provide job opportunities，” said Yi.“Our farm can employ 500 to 1，000 local people.Their living conditions have been greatly improved in recent years.Some families have even bought televisions and fridges.” “African people are just as hard­working as the Chinese and also want to pursue a better life.What they need is more opportunities，which China is now helping with.I'm proud of what my country is doing，” Yi said. [语篇解读]　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了自2000年中非合作论坛成立以来，越来越多的中国公司和组织前往非洲从事农业工作，为非洲人民提供帮助。 1．What does paragraph 1 describe? A．A celebration scene. B．A trading scene. C．A working scene. D．A harvest scene. 解析　A　段落大意题。根据第一段“On the farm，local people are dancing and singing to celebrate their recent harvest.Their hard work has paid off and got beautiful fruit—white and fragrant rice！” 可知，本段描述了非洲人民在丰收之后载歌载舞，庆祝的场景。 2．What did Yi Yun see when he first arrived at the farm in Mozambique? A．Old tractors. B．Tall weeds. C．Local farmers. D．Rice fields. 解析　B　细节理解题。根据第三段“When we first arrived in 2017，the farm was full of weeds (杂草)，as tall as a man”可知，易云第一次来到莫桑比克的农场时，看到了像人一样高的杂草。 3．What can be learned about Yi Yun's company? A．It started a project in Mozambique in 2000. B．It suffered from food shortage in Mozambique. C．It sells electrical appliances to people in Mozambique. D．It has contributed to the agriculture development of Mozambique. 解析　D　细节理解题。根据第三段“After clearing the weeds，the company began to teach locals farming skills.‘We taught them how to drive tractors and harvesters，and how to grow rice step by step including sowing seeds and spraying pesticide.’”以及第四段“‘We bring in new techniques，equipment and high­quality seeds，’ said Yi.”可知，易云的公司为莫桑比亚的农业发展做出很大的贡献。 4．What does Yi Yun think of African people? A．They should get better­paid jobs. B．They are proud of their own country. C．They need opportunities to create a better life. D．They have learned from the Chinese to be hard­working. 解析　C　推理判断题。根据最后一段“African people are just as hard­working as the Chinese and also want to pursue a better life.What they need is more opportunities，which China is now helping with.”可知，易云认为非洲人民需要更多的机会，来创造更好的生活。 B (2023—2024学年石家庄联考)A research project called Mineral has created robots that move around in farm fields.The project aims to use computers to help farmers grow more food in ways that are healthy for the environment. With the number of people on earth getting bigger each year，more food needs to be grown in order to feed everyone.As weather patterns continue to change because of the climate crisis，this task is becoming even more difficult.Some experts say that to feed everyone，more food will need to be grown over the next 50 years than in the last 10，000 years.In the past，farmers tried to quickly increase the amount they produce，using methods that were not always healthy for the environment—more fields，fertilizers，and pesticides. Instead，the focus of the Mineral project is on getting farms to produce more by improving conditions for each plant.Elliot Grant，who leads the project，says the goal is to “manage the plant instead of the plot”．Mineral's team spent several years talking to farmers to see what problems they were having and how these problems might be fixed.That led to the creation of special robots，called “plant buggies (车)”． At first，the buggies were very simple.They were built on bicycles and took pictures with cell phones.Over time，they've been improved repeatedly.The plant buggies roll on four wheels and are high enough to glide (滑行) over rows of plants without hurting them.They're covered in solar panels and have strong wheels，which allows them to roll through muddy fields.The robots can take detailed pictures of plants，track each plant's location，and measure the plant's size. Before，farmers had information about the soil and the weather，but they couldn't track every plant.Now，with Mineral's robots，they can.By collecting lots of information like this，Mineral believes computers can help farmers make predictions about how their plants will grow.Studying each individual plant could end up saving time and money. [语篇解读]　本文是说明文。主要讲述了一个名为Mineral的研究项目创造了在农田中移动的机器人，该项目旨在使用计算机帮助农民以对环境健康的方式种植更多的食物。 5．What's the Mineral project's goal? A．To replace farmers with robots. B．To design and sell farming robots. C．To better handle environmental pollution. D．To improve food production in a green way. 解析　D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The project aims to use computers to help farmers grow more food in ways that are healthy for the environment.”可知，Mineral项目的目标是以环保的方式提高粮食产量。 6．What contributes to the need for more food? A．The constant disasters. B．People's bigger appetite. C．The increasing population. D．The development of industry. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“With the number of people on earth getting bigger each year，more food needs to be grown in order to feed everyone.”可知，日益增长的人口导致对食物的需求增加。 7．What does the underlined part “the plot” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．A secret plan. B．A piece of farmland. C．The mark on a map. D．The series of events. 解析　B　词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“In the past，farmers tried to quickly increase the amount they produce，using methods that were not always healthy for the environment—more fields，fertilizers，and pesticides.”以及第三段中的“Instead，the focus of the Mineral project is on getting farms to produce more by improving conditions for each plant.”可知，在过去，农民试图改善田地的条件来快速增加产量，但是现在通过改善每株植物的条件来提高农场产量。这里的the plot与the plant对应，可推测出plot为“地块”的意思，B项“一块田地”符合题意。 8．What is special about plant buggies? A．They can collect soil information. B．They can make weather predictions. C．They can monitor each plant's condition. D．They can help fertilize and water the crops. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The robots can take detailed pictures of plants，track each plant's location，and measure the plant's size.”可知，植物车的特别之处在于它们可以监控每株植物的状况。 Ⅱ.七选五 Have you ever stopped to consider how empty the world would look without trees? Below are five of the top benefits that trees provide. 1 When adults who are feeling down spend time in the forest，they feel better.Forest therapy can range from simply walking among the trees for a couple of hours to meditating (冥想) in a forest.The adults note they become more confident and their mood improves after forest therapy. Trees help you heal faster.Natural environments，including forests，help you reach a more positive state of mind. 2 In fact，sick people with exposure to nature heal faster than those who don't，even if it's just a view through a window! Trees reduce air pollution and improve respiratory (呼吸的) health.Trees take in many harmful pollutants from our environment. 3 These forests reduce an estimated 670，000 cases of respiratory illness and save 850 lives. Trees provide oxygen.Trees are like the lungs of our Earth.They supply us with oxygen while taking away our carbon dioxide and ask for nothing in return.A single tree can provide enough oxygen for four people. 4 Trees cool cities.Trees cool things down by offering shade and through evapotranspiration (蒸腾作用). 5 Trees even save your money on your electric bill.When a tree offers direct shade for your home，you'll use less air conditioning. A．Trees cheer you up! B．Trees help reduce the effects of climate change. C．This，in turn，affects your overall state of wellness. D．In fact，large forests can influence regional weather patterns. E．So plant more trees around your home if you want to feel cooler. F．And of course，trees also provide plenty of oxygen for birds and other wildlife. G．For example，in the US，forests remove 17.4 million tons of pollution per year. [语篇解读]　本文是说明文。介绍了树木对人类和环境的好处。 1．解析　A　此空设于段首，是本段的主题句，本段主要说明人们置身树林可以调节心情。 2．解析　C　此空设于段中，与上句存在指代关系，本句的This指代上句中的“a more positive state of mind”，说明积极的心态对身体健康也产生影响，并通过下文所举的病人的例子进一步解释说明。 3．解析　G　此空设于段中，与上句存在解释关系，上句说树木可以吸收污染物，本句进一步举例说明仅在美国，树木和森林每年可消除一千七百多万吨的污染。 4．解析　F　此空设于段尾，与上句存在递进关系，上句说一棵树可以为四个人提供充足的氧气，本句说树木当然也为鸟类和其他野生动物提供充足的氧气。 5．解析　E　此空设于段中，与上句存在因果关系，上句说树木可以通过提供阴凉和蒸腾作用来给周围的事物降温，本句说所以如果想更凉爽就在家附近多种树。 Ⅲ.语法填空 The British love their gardens.British men and women spend hours and hours every week trying to make their garden look as 1. (beauty) as possible，competing 2. (produce) the flattest，greenest lawns in the neighbourhood. So 3. can you find in a typical British garden? The average garden has a lawn and a flower bed.Others may have vegetable patches (小块土地).Another typical 4. (add) is the pond.The ponds are small areas of water that 5. (design) to look like real rock pools，with running water，fish，and vegetation. One of the most unusual objects to be found in a garden is the shed.This is a sacred place，6. (particular) for British men.Sheds are little wooden or plastic constructions 7. (pack) with gardening tools，and the junk 8. finds its way there.The shed is a place where British men are truly at home.It's a place far away from the hard reality of the outside world，and a place where 9. (hobby) can be pursued in peace. So what do the British do in their gardens? Most time is devoted 10. hard gardening work.But the garden is also a place for entertainment.The British love to organise barbecue parties in their gardens. [语篇解读]　本文是说明文。文章介绍了英国人的花园文化。 1．解析　beautiful　句意：英国男人和女人每周都要花很多时间来使自己的花园看起来尽可能漂亮，他们竞相打造出附近最平坦、最绿色的草坪。“as ＋形容词/副词原级＋ as”意为“和……一样……”，结合设空处前面的系动词look可知，设空处应用形容词，故填beautiful。 2．解析　to produce　句意：同上。此处compete to do sth意为“比赛做某事”。故填to produce。 3．解析　what　句意：那么在典型的英式花园中你能找到什么呢？设空处引导特殊疑问句，且在句中作find的宾语，再结合语境可知，此处想要表示“你能在典型的英国花园里发现什么？”。 故填what。 4．解析　addition　句意：另一个典型的附加设施是池塘。设空处在句中作主语，再结合其前面的 typical 可知，设空处应用名词，意为“增加物”，被another修饰用名词单数形式。 故填addition。 5．解析　are designed　句意：池塘是小面积的水，被设计成看起来像真正的岩石池，有流水、鱼和植物。空处是限制性定语从句的谓语动词，that指代先行词small areas，为复数意义，又因为small areas和design之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，描述的是客观状态，用一般现在时。故填are designed。 6．解析　particularly　句意：这是一个神圣的地方，尤其是对英国男人来说。设空处在句中作状语，应用副词，故填 particularly。 7．解析　packed　句意：棚屋是木质或塑料的小建筑，里面装满了园艺工具和垃圾。设空处在句中作后置定语，且pack 和little wooden or plastic constructions之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词表示被动。故填packed。 8．解析　which/that　句意：同上。设空处引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词junk，且在从句中作主语，故填that/which。 9．解析　hobbies　句意：这是一个远离外界残酷现实的地方，也是一个可以平静地追求爱好的地方。本句是where引导的定语从句，空处应填名词作主语，hobby意为“爱好”，为可数名词，此处用复数形式表示泛指。故填hobbies。 10．解析　to　句意：大部分时间都花在繁重的园艺工作上。此处be devoted to意为“致力于”。故填to。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$