第08讲 动词（考点精讲）-【中职适用】2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（山东专用）

►专题08 动词 用法梳理 考点解读 考点归纳： 1.实义动词---及动词短语的辨析 2.连系动词---系动词be的用法； 实义动词充当系动词的用法 3.助动词---助动词的基本用法 考点精讲 一、动词的定义和分类 动词是表示动作或状态的词。动词有数的变化、时态的变化。 根据性质和作用可将动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。 考点一 实义动词 实义动词具有实在完整的词义，在句中能独立充当谓语动词。实义动词根据其后是否接宾语，又可以分为及物动词和不及物动词。 1.及物动词接宾语，用于被动语态，某些及物动词还可带双宾语。 My mother bought me a gift. He likes Maths. ▲有些及物动词常用主动语态表示被动意义，这时主语往往是物而不是人。 The skirts were cheap and sold out fast. sold out ( = were sold out) 2. 不及物动词不接宾语，无被动语态。 He works hard. 3.常考的动词搭配： ⑴后接to do的动词：afford, agree,ask, choose, decide,demand, expect, fail, hope, manage, plan, pretend,promise,refuse, want, wish ⑵后接doing的动词：can’t help, consider, enjoy, finish, fancy, hate, imagine,practise, mind, suggest, give up, have trouble doing sth, keep sb from doing, look forward to doing; have fun doing等 ⑶后接do的动词（省略了to）如：使役动词let/have/make+do sth. (4) 动词辨析： （一）lie和lay lie有两种含义：表示“说谎”时，其过去式及过去分词的形式变化是lie→ lied→ lied，现在分词形式为lying,，常用的固定搭配有tell a lie/lies；表示“躺；位于”时；其过去式及过去分词形式的不规则变化是lie→ lay→ lain；现在分词形式为lying。 lay表示“放，下蛋”，其过去式及过去分词的形式变化是lay→ laid→ laid，现在分词形式为laying。例如 : He lied to his parents that he passed the exam. He was so tired that he lay on the sofa. The hen lays an egg every day. （二）rise和raise rise为不及物动词，其过去式及过去分词变化是rise→ rose→ risen，现在分词为rising； raise为及物动词，其过去式及过去分词变化是 raise→ raised→ raised，现在分词为raising。例如 : The sun rises in the east. When the teacher asked a question, he raised his hand. （三）arrive，reach和get 三者都可表示“到达”。arrive为不及物动词，后面必须接介词in或at；reach为及物动词，后面不接介词；get后面也须接介词to。例如： My friends will arrive in/reach/get to Beijing tomorrow. 我 （四）borrow和lend borrow意为“借入”，lend意为“借出”。例如： Can I borrow the book from you? He lent the bike to me yesterday. （五）cost, spend, take和pay 四者都表示“花费”，但有所区别。cost的主语是物；spend的主语是人，其固定搭配为 spend ... (in) doing sth. , spend ... on sth. ; take的主语常用it。其固定搭配用法为“It takes/took sb. ... to do sth. ”；pay的主语为人，常与介词 for搭配使用。例如： The book cost me10 yuan.我花费十元买了这本书 =I spent 10 yuan on the book.=It took me10yuan to buy the book.=I paid 10 yuan for the book. （六）accept 和receive accept意为“接受,领受”,表示当事人的态度; receive 意为“收到,接到”,指收、接的动作,表示客观事实。如: Finally we accepted their donation. I received an invitation yesterday, but I didn't accept it. （7） beat, defeat 和win defeat 表示“战胜(对手)”;win 表示“贏得(比赛、项目、战争、名次、奖品等)”。如 We beat/defeated them by the score of 5 to 3. He was defeated at the football match. He won the first prize in the swimming race. （8） bring, fetch 和 take bring表示从别处“拿来,带来”,指单程; fetch表示“去拿来”,指往返双程; take表示走,带走,拿着”。如: Bring me some water，please. She goes to fetch her son from the kindergarten every afternoon. It is going to rain. Take the umbrella with you. 考点02 系动词 系动词本身有词义,但不能单独作谓语语,必须和表语一起构成系表结构,说明主语的状态、性质、特征等情况。 1.连系动词be。如: They are friends. 2、英语的连系动词除就外,还看部分实义动词也可充当连系动词,常见的有以下几类： (1)持续类:keep, stay, remain,keep,continue等。如: This matter remains a mystery. He always keeps silent at meeting. (2) 感官类：look,appear,seem,fee1,sound,smell,taste等 Roses smell sweet. She looks very happy. (3)变化类: 表示情况的转变become,turn,get,grow,go,come,fall,run 等。如: He became a doctor after graduation. His face turned pale with fear. 表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out,表达“证实”“变成”“最终表明”之意 His plan turned out a success. 【注意】系动词和不及物动词一样，均无被动语态 。 考点03 助动词 定义：本身没有独立的意义，不能单独作谓语，必须和实义动词或系动词的某种形式一起构成谓语，表示否定疑问以及动词的时态、语态、语气、人称和数等特征。 常用的助动词有do, does, did, have, had, shall(should), will(would) Don’t open the window! Do work hard. I have visited the school. I will watch the film with my sister. 助动词的形式 be do have 助动词的原形 be do have 助动词的第三人称单数形式 is does has 助动词的过去式 was/were did had 助动词的现在分词 being doing having 助动词的过去分词 been done had 重点小练 1.(2020年山东春季高考)the test paper carefully before you hand it in. A. Go on B. Go over C.Go out D.Go down 【答案】 B 【解析】 本题考查动词短语辨析。句意:“在你上交试卷之前要仔细检査。"go on 继续:go over 仔细检查;go out 出去; go down 下降。 2.(2023年山东春季高考)I_________of the hotel and races to the airport to fly home. A. checked out B. took out C. found out D.picked out 【答案】 D 【解析】 本题考查动词词组辨析。句意:“我从九点退房，赶到机场飞回家。" check out 退房；take out拿出;find out弄清楚；pick out捡出来。 3.(2023年山东春季高考) I __________some old photos, which reminded me of the happy times of my childhood. A. came on B.came from C. came down D. came across 【答案】 D 【解析】 本题考查动词词组辨析。句意:“我无意中看见一些老照片，使我想起了我童年时期的快乐时光。"come on意为“加油”;come from意为“来自”;come down意为“下来”;come across 意为“偶然遇见”。 4. (2023年山东春季高考) She’s trying to ___________her work so that she can have a couple of days off next week. A. attract B.account C. afford D.arrange 【答案】 D 【解析】 本题考查动词辨析。句意:“她试图安排好她的工作以便于下周能够有几天休息时间。attract意为“吸引”;account 意为“描绘”;afford 意为“支付得起”;arrange 意为“安排”。 5.(2021年山东春季高考) Sam_____his coat as soon as he came into the room. A. took off B. put off C.turned off D. cut off 【答案】 A 【解析】 本题考查动词短语辨析。句意:“萨姆一进屋就把外套脱了。"take of意为“(飞起飞;脱下(衣服)”;put off 意为“延迟”;turn of 意为“关上”;cut off 意为“切断”。 5.(2022年山东春季高考)It is necessary for schools to___________students' development. A. Avoid B. hide C. refuse D. satisfy 【答案】 D 【解析】本题考查动词辨析。句意:“学校满足学生的需要是有必要的。"avoid 避免;hide藏;refuse 拒绝;satisfy 使满足,使满意。 6.This silk dress_________ so smooth. It’s made in China. A. tastes B. smells C. sounds D. feels 【答案】D 【解析】句意：这条丝绸裙子摸起来如此光滑。它是中国生产的。taste尝起来，smell闻起来，sound听起来，feel感觉，选D。 7.—What do you think of the cake? —I like it very much. It tastes_________ . A. good B. terrible C. well D. bad 【答案】A 【解析】句意：你认为蛋糕怎么样？ 我非常喜欢，它尝起来不错。 考查感官系动词后面加形容词作表语，故选A。 8. —Long time no see! —Oh, It_________ like years since I last saw you. A.looks B. seems C. feels D. sounds 【答案】B 【解析】句意：好久没见！自从我上次见你好像很多年了一样。考查动词。A项，look like“看起来像(多指外貌)”B项，seem like“好像，似乎”C项，feel like“摸起来像;想要”D项，sound like“听起来像”根据对话，“我们”似乎有很多年没见面了，表示一种主观的感觉，故选B。 9.He __________ pale hearing that he failed the exam. A. got B. looked C. turned D. seemed. 【答案】C 【解析】句意：一想到这，他的脸就发白了。考查系动词辨析。根据语境，只能用turn加颜色。故选C。 10. Wang Pei_________her goal of winning a gold medal at the skills competition. A.respected B. achieved C.returned D. received 【答案】B 【解析】句意：王蓓在技能竞赛中获得了一枚金牌。考查动词辨析。respect尊敬；achieve获得，取得，达到；return归还；receive收到，故选B。 好题必测 1.What do you do when you_______a problem while doing your homework? A. come up B.get across C.come across D. get to 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词辨析。Come up走向前，get across获取，come across偶然遇见，get to到达，故选C项。 2. The doctor didn't tell me how much I should _________for the medicine. A.spend B. take C. pay D.cost 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词辨析。cost的主语是物；spend的主语是人，其固定搭配为 spend ... (in) doing sth. , spend ... on sth. ; take的主语常用it。其固定搭配用法为“It takes/took sb. ... to do sth. ”；pay的主语为人，常与介词 for搭配使用。故选B。 3.Ii is a good habit to_____the socks and wash them at once. A.put off B. take off C. turn off D. go off 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词词组辨析。Put off推迟，take off脱下， turn off关闭，go off离开。故选D。 4. To________the supermarket, we should take bus No. 5 here and_____at the next stop. A. get to; get off B.get to; get to C. get off; get to D. get off; get off 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词词组辨析。Get to 到达， get off下车，故选A。 5. I'm so nervous. I don't know how to____________my feeling. A. go over B.run after C. deal with D. give off 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词词组辨析。Go over复习， run after追赶，deal with处理， give off散发，发出。可知，故选C。 6.what does CBA________? A. stand for B. stand up C.stand out D.stand by 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。Stand for代表， stand up站起来， stand out突出，stand by支持，袖手旁观。故选A。 7. People should__________the spirit of the craftsman.And we need to have a serious attitude. A. carry forward B.give away C.go through D.take off 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词词组辨析。Carry forward继承，发扬；give away赠送，泄露，go through通过，take off起飞。故选A。 8. When you arrive at the airport, you are able to______right away and front desk staff are very helpful. A. check in B. check out C. check up D. check over 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词词组辨析。check in登记；check out结账离开，check up审查，检查，check over仔细检查。故选B。 9. Please_________the big tomatoes from the small ones. A. reduce B. produce C. separate D.provide 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词辨析。reduce减少，降低，produce生产，产生， separate分开，分离, provide提供。故选C。 10．You need to___________early to avoid the traffic jam. A. set up B. set in C. set against D.set off 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词词组辨析。Set up建立，成立；set in以...为背景；set against反对，对抗； set off启程，故选D。 11.Can you help me to__________who did it? A. find out B. look for C. find D.look up 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词辨析。Find out找出，查明；look for 寻找；find 找到；look up查询。故选A。 12. You'd better______English every day. A. Talk B. say C. speak D.tell 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词辨析。Speak加某种语言，故选C。 13.Many successful people have the same quality. They never __________no matter what difficulties they've had. A.stay up B. cheer up C. give up D. take up 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词词组辨析。Stay up熬夜，cheer up使...开心，give up放弃，take up 占据。故选C。 14.The weather is so changeable these days. You'd better not______your coat. A. put off B. take off C. set off D. show off 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词词组辨析。Pu off推迟， take off起飞， set off出发， show off卖弄，炫耀。故选B。 15. Schools should ______students to form good working habits through labor education. A. tick B.encourage C.warn D.promise 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词辨析。Tick勾选， encourage鼓励， warn警告，promise许诺，故选B。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！学科网（北京）股份有限公司9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$