UNIT 5 Section Ⅲ Developing ideas（Word教参）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第二册（外研版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas [对应学生用书P　] Ⅰ.重点词汇 1．criterion n．(pl.criteria)标准，准则 2．vast adj.巨大的；广大的 3．session n．一段时间 4．floral adj.花的 5．elsewhere adv.在别处；去别处 6．endangered adj.濒临灭绝的 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1．nutrient n．养分，营养物→nutritious adj.营养丰富的→nutrition n．营养 2．compare v．比较→comparison n．比较 3．visual adj.视觉的→vision n．视力；视野→visible adj.看得见的→invisible adj.看不见的 4．herb n．香草；药草→herbal adj.用香(药)草制成的 5．rare adj.稀有的，罕见的→rarely adv.很少 6．biology n．生物学→biological adj.生物的，与生物有关的→biologist n．生物学家 7．apparent adj.显然的→apparently adv.据说；看来，似乎 8．vary v．变化，使多样化→variation n．差异；变化→various adj.各种各样的→varied adj.不相同的→variety n．种类；多样性 9．secure adj.稳固的；安全的→security n．安全工作；担保；保证 Ⅲ.短语互译 1．代表on behalf of 2．成功；到达make it 3．以……命名name after 4．导致result in 5．各种各样的a wide variety of 6．be regarded as被认为是…… 7．thanks to多亏；由于 8．be known for因为……而出名 9．in return作为回报 Ⅳ.重点句式 1．句型：“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句 教材原句：Is it the legendary father of Chinese herbal medicine，Shennong，after whom the park is named? 翻译：还是因为它以传说中的中草药之父神农的名字命名？ 2．句型：过去分词短语作定语 教材原句：UNESCO awarded Shennongjia this status because it meets two criteria required by the list. 翻译：联合国教科文组织授予神农架这一地位是因为它符合名录要求的两项标准。 3．句型：what和that引导名词性从句 教材原句：What is special about the honey is that it is produced by the earliest species of Chinese bee. 翻译：这种蜂蜜的独特之处在于它是由最古老的一种中华蜜蜂产的。 4．句型：状语从句的省略 教材原句：Although endangered elsewhere in China due to the invasion of foreign species，the bees of Shennongjia have coexisted with the local people for centuries. 翻译：虽然在中国的其他地区，由于外来物种入侵，这种蜜蜂濒临灭绝，但是神农架的这种蜜蜂和当地人已经共存了几个世纪。 [对应学生用书P　] Ⅰ.原文释译 WHY SHENNONGJIA? Good morning，everyone.❶It is my great pleasure to give a lecture here on behalf of① the Be at One with Nature Association. ❶It是形式主语，不定式短语“to give a lecture here on behalf of ...Association”是真正的主语。 As we know，in 2016，Shennongjia made it onto the UNESCO World Heritage List.But there are so many important places not yet on this list.So you might ask：why Shennongjia？Is it its forests ❷that stretch② on and on like great green seas？Is it the legendary③ father of Chinese herbal④ medicine，Shennong，❸after whom the park is named⑤？Or ❹is it the mysterious⑥ creature called “Yeren” (wild man) that has captured the imagination of⑦ the world? ❷that引导的定语从句修饰先行词its forests。 ❸after whom引导的定语从句修饰先行词Shennong。after与从句中的动词name构成搭配name after。 ❹此处是“It is ...that ...”强调句型的一般疑问句，强调的是主语。 UNESCO awarded Shennongjia this status⑧ because it meets two criteria⑨ required by the list.It contains a naturally­balanced environment that allows the many and various species to live and prosper⑩.❺It is also one of the rare⑪ locations in the world where scientists can observe in real time the ecological and biological⑫ processes that occur as the plants and animals develop and evolve⑬. ❺复合句，含有两个定语从句。第一个是 where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the rare locations。第二个是that引导的定语从句，修饰 the ecological and biological processes，其中as引导时间状语从句。 For the first criterion，Shennongjia is apparently⑭ one of the most “complete” natural areas in the world.The region rises from about 400 metres to over 3，000 metres above sea level，❻giving it the name the “Roof of Central China”．The vast⑮ range in altitude⑯ results in⑰ a great variation⑱ in climatic conditions.This allows a wide variety of⑲ species to thrive⑳.Some of the plants and animals have survived millions of years，and are regarded as living fossils. ❻现在分词短语作状语，表示补充说明。 For the second criterion，we can see that Shennongjia has incredible biodiversity.Look at this slide.According to official statistics，over 3，000 plant species have been recorded there.This represents more than ten per cent of China's total floral richness.Shennongjia supports more than 600 vertebrate species，including the Golden Snub­nosed Monkey and the Clouded Leopard.Additionally，around 4，300 insect species have been recorded. ❼It is a challenge to look after so many species. In winter，scientists brave heavy snow and freezing temperatures to supply food to the Golden Snub­nosed Monkey.Thanks to their efforts，the monkey's population has doubled since the 1980s.Their number reached over 1，300 in 2015 and continues to grow. ❼It是形式主语，不定式短语to look after so many species 是真正的主语。 But the most impressive aspect of Shennongjia is the local people，who take things from nature without causing damage.I visited a local village which is known for its home­made honey.❽What is special about the honey is that it is produced by the earliest species of Chinese bee.Every spring，the villagers place beehives around their houses to attract these wild bees from the forest.❾Although endangered elsewhere in China due to the invasion of foreign species，the bees of Shennongjia have coexisted with the local people for centuries.By providing the bees with a secure home，the villagers collect their honey in return.This is just one of the ways in which people of Shennongjia live and work in harmony with nature． ❽复合句，句中What 引导主语从句；that 引导表语从句。 ❾“Although endangered elsewhere in China ...”是让步状语从句的省略结构，补充完整为“Although they are endangered elsewhere in China ...”。 in which引导的定语从句修饰先行词ways。 All of this explains why Shennongjia earned—and deserves—its place on the UNESCO World Heritage List，as well as highlighting how understanding，awareness and hard work have contributed towards protecting a unique and wonderful part of our natural world. 复合句。句子主干是“All of this explains ...as well as highlighting ...”。句中why和how引导宾语从句，分别作explains和highlighting的宾语。 Thank you for listening.Now，does anyone have any questions? ◆难词注解 ①on behalf of 代表 ②stretch v．(使)延伸 ③legendary adj.大名鼎鼎的，传奇的 ④herbal adj.用香(药)草制成的 herbal medicine草药 ⑤name after以……命名 ⑥mysterious adj.神秘的 ⑦capture the imagination of sb.＝capture one's imagination引起某人的想象 ⑧status n．地位；身份 ⑨criterion n．标准，准则 复数形式是criteria ⑩prosper v．兴旺，发达 ⑪rare adj.稀有的，罕见的 ⑫biological adj.生物的，与生物有关的 ⑬evolve v．进化 ⑭apparently adv.据说；看来，似乎 ⑮vast adj.巨大的；广大的 ⑯altitude n．海拔(高度) ⑰result in导致 ⑱variation n．差异；变化 ⑲a wide variety of各种各样的 ⑳thrive v．茁壮成长 be regarded as被认为是…… fossil n．化石 biodiversity n．生物多样性 slide n．幻灯片 according to依据，依照 floral adj.花的 vertebrate n．脊椎动物 additionally adv.除此之外，此外 brave v．勇敢面对 supply sth.to sb.＝supply sb.with sth.向某人提供某物 thanks to多亏，由于 impressive adj.令人赞叹的，给人深刻印象的 beehive n．蜂房，蜂箱 endangered adj.濒临灭绝的 elsewhere adv.在别处 due to由于，因为 invasion n．涌入 coexist v．共存，共处 secure adj.稳固的；安全的 in return作为报答 in harmony with与……和谐相处；与……协调/一致 deserve v．应得，应受 as well as也，还 highlight v．使……突出，强调 备课札记 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Ⅱ.文本理解 ►文章架构 ►细节探究 1．Why did Shennongjia become a UNESCO World Heritage Site？(　　) A．Because its forests stretch on and on like great green seas. B．Because it is named after a famous person. C．Because a mysterious creature has aroused people's interest. D.Because of the naturally­balanced environment and its being one of the rare locations where scientists can conduct their research. 2．Shennongjia is also called the “ ”． A．Roof of Central China B．Roof of Northern China C．Roof of Eastern China D．Roof of Southern China 3．What is special about the home­made honey that is produced in Shennongjia？(　　) A．The honey tastes delicious. B．The bees that produce the honey are the earliest species of Chinese bee. C.The bees that produce the honey are endangered. D．The bees of Shennongjia can coexist with the local people. 4．What can we infer from the passage？(　　) A．Many species have disappeared. B．Great efforts have been made by scientists and the natives. C．The Golden Snub­nosed Monkey is in danger of dying out. D.The bees are endangered because of the invasion of foreign species. 答案：1～4　DABB ►课文语法填空 In 2016，Shennongjia made it onto the UNESCO World Heritage List 1.because it meets two criteria required by the list.For one thing，it contains a naturally­balanced environment that allows the many and 2.varieties(vary) of species to live and prosper.For 3.another，it is also one of the rare locations in the world 4.where scientists can observe in real time the ecological and biological processes 5.occurring(occur) as the plants and animals develop and evolve. 6．Apparently(apparent)，Shennongjia is one of the most “complete” 7.natural(nature) areas in the world.Some of the plants and animals here 8.have survived(survive) millions of years，and are regarded as living fossils.Besides，Shennongjia has incredible biodiversity with over 3，000 plant species and 600 vertebrate species.It is 9.a challenge to look after so many species.Thanks 10.to scientists and the local people's efforts，great improvement has been made. [对应学生用书P　] 1 break down (使)分解；(机器或车辆)出故障；(身体)垮掉；精神崩溃 Decomposers break down dead animal and vegetable matter into nutrients. 分解者把死去的动植物分解成营养物质。 [要点突破] break up破裂；结束；解散 break into强行进入；闯入 break in闯入；打断，插嘴 break away from脱离；摆脱 break through取得突破 break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发 [写作佳句] The plastic can take hundreds of years to break down，so let's carry our water in sustainable or reusable bottles. 塑料可能需要数百年才能分解，所以让我们用可持续的或可重复使用的瓶子来携带水。 [学以致用] 单句填空 ①Water can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen. ②The river was covered with ice，which could sometimes break up without warning. ③A big fire broke out last night and its cause is being looked into. ④There was no one nearby who might see him trying to break into the house. ⑤Burglars broke in through the bedroom window. 2 comparison n．比较 Data，examples and comparisons are then uesd to support the main ideas. 然后使用数据、例子和比较来支持主要观点。 [要点突破] ①by/in comparison with/to与……相比 make a comparison进行比较 ②compare A and/with B　把A和B相比较 compare A to B　把A比作B compared with/to与……相比(在句中作状语) beyond/without compare无与伦比 [写作佳句] By comparison，there are nearly 12%，who are fond of talking to friends and 5% choose other activities to help relieve stress. 相比之下，有近12%(的学生)喜欢和朋友聊天，5%的人选择其他活动来帮助缓解压力。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①Let's make a comparison(compare) between living in city and living in country. ②Most e­books are much cheaper compared(compare) with paper books. ③People often compare a teacher to a gardener who takes great care of various plants. ④与之前的开幕式相比，2022年北京冬奥会开幕式更多地展现了团结的精神。 By/In comparison with/to(＝Compared with/to) the previous opening ceremony，the opening ceremony of the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games showed more of the spirit of unity. 3 on behalf of代表 It is my great pleasure to give a lecture here on behalf of the Be at One with Nature Association. 我很开心能代表“人与自然和谐相处协会”在这里发表演讲。 [要点突破] on one's behalf＝on behalf of代表；为了(某人) in behalf of sb.＝in sb's behalf (美式英语) 代表某人 [写作佳句] On behalf of the school English newspaper，I am earnestly appealing to every student to participate in it actively. 我谨代表学校的英文报，诚挚地呼吁每一位同学积极参与。 [学以致用] 完成句子 ①我很荣幸代表我们学校对您的到来表示诚挚的欢迎。 I feel honored to express our sincere welcome to your arrival on behalf of our school. ②奈特先生不能来，所以他的妻子将代表他领奖。 Mr.Knight cannot be here，so his wife will accept the prize on his behalf． 4 rare adj.稀有的，罕见的 It is also one of the rare locations in the world where scientists can observe in real time the ecological and biological processes that occur as the plants and animals develop and evolve. 它也是世界上人迹罕至之地，科学家们可以在那里实时观察到动植物发展进化过程中的生态学和生物学过程。 [要点突破] ①It is rare to do sth.做某事是很少见/难得的。 ②rarely adv.很少地；难得地；少见地 [写作佳句] As for me，I do have my little secrets and rarely share them with my parents. 至于我，我的确有我的小秘密，且很少与我的父母分享。 否定副词位于句首用部分倒装 rarely和seldom、never等表示否定意义的副词位于句首时，句子用部分倒装，即把助动词/be动词/情态动词放到主语前面。 [学以致用] 单句填空/一句多译 ①We rarely(rare) need to carry a wallet or cash at all. ②It is not rare to compare(compare) China with India，because both are developing countries with a large population. ③他们都说西班牙语，所以她很少听到英语。 →They all spoke Spanish，so she rarely heard English．(陈述句) →They all spoke Spanish，so rarely did she hear English．(倒装句) 5 apparently adv.据说；看来，似乎 For the first criterion，Shennongjia is apparently one of the most “complete” natural areas in the world. 就第一项标准而言，神农架显然是世界上最“完整”的自然区域之一。 [要点突破] apparent adj.显然的；显而易见的；明白的 It is apparent that ...很显然…… It is apparent to sb.that ...某人明白…… for no apparent reason无缘无故地；原因不明地 [写作佳句] It is widely acknowledged that online learning has its apparent advantages. 人们普遍认为在线学习有其明显的优点。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)The kids apparently(apparent) know the truth. ②It soon became apparent to everyone that he couldn't sing. ③很明显，科技的进步使静态展品变得更加有趣和吸引人。 It is apparent that the advance of technology is making static exhibits more interesting and attractive. 6 variation n．差异；变化 The vast range in altitude results in a great variation in climatic conditions. 海拔的巨大差异导致了迥然不同的气候环境。 [要点突破] ①vary v．变化；不同 vary with ...随……而变化 vary in在……方面变化 vary from ...to ...从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动 ②various adj.不同种类的；各种各样的 ③variety n．多样化，变化 varieties of＝a variety of多种多样的 [写作佳句] A wide range of Chinese art forms will be presented，varying from embroidery to calligraphy. 从刺绣到书法，各种各样的中国艺术形式将被呈现。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①Various(vary) activities and recreations are held to cultivate our personalities and strengthen our abilities. ②Varieties(vary) of activities themed “Campus Green Living Day” will be held in our school next Friday. ③The human population contains a great variety of genetic variation．(vary) ④对于这件事，人人意见不一。 Opinions on this matter vary from person to person． 7 endangered adj.濒临灭绝的 Although endangered elsewhere in China due to the invasion of foreign species，the bees of Shennongjia have coexisted with the local people for centuries. 虽然在中国的其他地区，由于外来物种入侵，这种蜜蜂濒临灭绝，但是神农架的这种蜜蜂和当地人已经共存了几个世纪。 [要点突破] ①endanger vt.使遭遇危险；危及 ②in danger在危险中 danger from ...来自……的危险 in danger of (doing) sth.有(做)某事的危险 out of danger脱离危险 ③dangerous adj.危险的；可能引起危险的；不安全的 ④dangerously adv.危险地 [写作佳句] Currently，many birds are faced with great challenges and even endangered due to the changing environment. 目前，由于环境的变化，许多鸟类面临着巨大的挑战，甚至濒临灭绝。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①We told people knowledge about animals and called on them to protect the endangered(danger) species. ②However，this isn't a dangerous(danger) town if you are careful enough. ③I had a sudden feeling that Tom was in danger. ④She was standing dangerously(danger) close to the fire. ⑤由于人类活动，许多热带雨林已经消失，许多物种有灭绝的危险。 Due to human activities，a lot of rainforest has disappeared and many species are in danger of dying out/extinction． what和that引导名词性从句 What is special about the honey is that it is produced by the earliest species of Chinese bee. 这种蜂蜜的独特之处在于它是由最古老的一种中华蜜蜂产的。 [情境探究] ①(2023·全国甲卷)What we discovered is that it's unwise to judge what you eat only by its origin. 我们所发现的是仅仅根据食物的来源去判断你吃的东西是不明智的。 ②(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)He decided to build what he would later call an eco­machine. 他决定建造一个他后来称之为生态机器的东西。 [要点突破] ①连接词what表示“什么”，结构上，作为连接代词可以充当从句中的主语、宾语或表语，含义上可以表示泛指概念，意为“……的事物或情况”，与其对应的是which，可用于表示特指概念，此时which意为“……的那一个/种”。 ②从属连词that在名词性从句中不表达任何含义，只起连接作用。因此，that在结构上不能充当从句中的任何成分。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①What concerns me most is that she is always losing her temper easily and quarreling with others. ②That failure is the mother of success is what some people disagree with. ③给我留下深刻印象的是他的幽默和友好。 What impressed me was that he was humorous and friendly. ④最重要的是社团活动将丰富你的课余生活，给你带来很多乐趣。 What is the most important is that the club activities will enrich your life after school and bring you lots of fun. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$