UNIT 5 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas（Word教参）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第二册（外研版2019）

单元素养目标 文化、思维、学习能力目标 了解食物链，阐述生态平衡的重要性；正确看待保护环境、保护珍稀野生动物的重要性；了解世界各地环保问题所面临的严峻形势，树立保护地球的坚定信念；能熟练掌握本单元语法，并运用本单元所学知识写一篇关于环保的文章 语言能力目标 核心单词 appetite，conservation，trap，owe，subsequently，dramatically，habitat，multiply，vegetation，decrease，departure，explode，substantial，intervention，endangered，nutrient，comparison，visual，herbal，rare，biological，apparently，variation，secure 重点词块 in harmony with，take over，in turn，die out，out of control，on behalf of，make it，name ...after ...，result in，a wide variety of 单元语法 it作形式宾语 写作能力 写一篇关于环保的演讲稿 单元话题导入 [品读话题短文] CLIMATE CHANGE① REQUIRES THE WORLD'S ATTENTION We have known about climate change for decades.There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer②(see the graph).A warming ocean and atmosphere along with③ melting ice and rising sea levels provide evidence of a dramatic change④ in the global climate. In 2013，a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear that was found on Norway's Arctic island of Svalbard.According to the scientists who found its dead body，all that remained of the polar bear was “skin and bones”．An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body，the bear appeared to have starved⑤ and died.Experts claimed that low sea­ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before，so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food.This alarming case⑥ showed how the increase in temperature had an impact on⑦ Earth's ecology⑧. (节选自人教版选择性必修第三册 Unit 3) [背记话题词块] ①climate change气候变化 ②get warmer and warmer变得越来越暖和 ③along with与……一起 ④dramatic change巨大的变化 ⑤starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死 ⑥alarming case令人震惊的案例 ⑦have an impact on对……有影响 ⑧ecology n．生态；生态学 [分析重难句式] There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer. 分析：There is little/no doubt that ...毫无疑问…… 翻译：毫无疑问，地球正在变得越来越暖和。 Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas [对应学生用书P　] Ⅰ.重点词汇 1．appetite n．胃口，食欲 2．chaos n．大混乱；紊乱 3．conservation n．保护 4．virus n．病毒 5．trap n．夹子，陷阱 6．collapse v．倒坍；塌下 7．owe v．应该做；对……负有……的义务 8．ecology n．生态(学) Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1．drama n．戏剧→dramatic adj.戏剧性的→dramatically adv.显著地；戏剧性地 2．habitat n．(动物或植物的)生活环境；栖息地→inhabit v．居住在→inhabitant n．栖居的动物；居民 3．subsequent adj.后来的；随后的→subsequently adv.后来，随后 4．multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的→multiply v．(使)大大增加，(使)倍增；繁殖 5．vegetable n．蔬菜→vegetation n．植物，草木(总称)→vegetarian n．素食主义者 6．decrease v．(使)变小，(使)减少→increase v．增加 7．depart v．离开，起程→departure n．离开；出发 8．explode v．突然增加；爆炸→explosion n．激增；爆炸 9．substance n．物质→substantial adj.大量的，多的 10．intervene v．干预，介入→intervention n．干预，干涉 动词加后缀­ion构成名词，后缀­ion表示“某一动作的过程、结果与状态，以及与该行为有关的事物”。 conserve→conservation　correct→correction invent→invention　direct→direction Ⅲ.短语互译 1．与……和谐相处in harmony with 2．占领；接管take over 3．依次；反过来in turn 4．灭绝die out 5．失去控制out of control 6．come up with想出，提出 7．once and for all彻底地，一劳永逸地 8．participate in参与，参加 Ⅳ.重点句式 1．句型：现在分词(短语)作结果状语 教材原句：The green grass and bare rock of its landscape contrast dramatically，giving it a wild and natural beauty. 翻译：绿草和光秃秃的岩石形成的景观反差巨大，使海岛呈现出一种野性和自然的美。 2．句型：否定副词置于句首的部分倒装 教材原句：Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants ...existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years. 翻译：他们也不难想象出，数千年来……当地动物是如何与其自然栖息地完美地和谐共存的。 3．句型：as引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如” 教材原句：But as the saying goes，“While the cat's away，the mice will play.” 翻译：但正如俗语所说，“山中无老虎，猴子称大王。” [对应学生用书P　] Ⅰ.原文释译 MACQUARIE ISLAND：from Chaos① to Conservation② I am standing on Macquarie Island，in the South­west Pacific Ocean，halfway③ between Australia and Antarctica.Strong winds and stormy seas have helped sculpt④ its long，thin shape.The green grass and bare rock of its landscape contrast dramatically⑤，❶giving it a wild and natural beauty．❷No visitor would think it surprising that the island is a UNESCO World Heritage⑥ Site.❸Nor would they fail to imagine⑦ how its native inhabitants⑧ ，including royal penguins⑨，king penguins，and elephant seals，existed in perfect harmony with⑩ their natural habitat⑪ for thousands of years. ❶现在分词短语作结果状语。 ❷it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的that从句。 ❸倒装句。neither/nor＋助动词＋主语，表示“另外一个人也不”。句中how引导宾语从句，作imagine的宾语。 But the island's more recent history tells a different story.It's a tragic story ❹that began in 1810 when humans arrived on the island．In their ships they unknowingly brought rats⑫ and mice⑬.These small animals quickly took over⑭ the island，eating the birds' eggs and attacking baby birds.Cats were brought to the island to control the rats and mice.Unfortunately⑮，the cats subsequently⑯ developed an appetite⑰ for the birds，too. ❹that引导定语从句，先行词是story；when引导定语从句，先行词是1810。 Meanwhile，rabbits were introduced to⑱ the island as a source of food for humans.Loose on the island，they did ❺what rabbits do best—they multiplied⑲ rapidly and began eating the native vegetation⑳ and digging holes，which caused soil erosion .The exploding rabbit population provided plentiful food for the cats，❻meaning that the number of cats also increased．This in turn led to more cats hunting the birds.The end result was ❼that parakeets，once large in number and native to the island，died out in 1891． ❺what引导宾语从句，作did的宾语。 ❻现在分词短语作状语，表示补充说明。 ❼that引导表语从句。 Even after Macquarie Island became an official nature reserve in the 1970s，the rabbits remained out of control.❽Experts felt it necessary to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island.❾With this goal in mind，a virus was released onto the island.But although the virus caused the rabbit population to decrease from 130，000 to around 10，000，it also meant less food for the cats.The cats in consequence turned their attention—and their stomachs—back to the native birds，killing up to 60，000 each year．In the 1980s，traps and dogs were used to catch the cats.The last Macquarie Island cat was caught in 2000. ❽it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island。 ❾with复合结构，在句中作原因状语。 现在分词短语作结果状语。 But as the saying goes，“While the cat's away，the mice will play.” With the departure of the cats from the island，the mouse and rat population started to increase.And remember those 10，000 or so rabbits？It turned out that they developed an immunity to the virus，and their numbers exploded once again.Then，in 2006，the rabbits' digging caused some land to collapse，and killed a substantial number of penguins.This incidentmade it clear that the rat，mouse and rabbit problem needed solving once and for all. It是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。在主语从句中，and连接两个并列的句子。 it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是that引导的宾语从句。 So，I am here on Macquarie Island to participate in the programme to tackle this very problem.The first step involved poison being dropped from helicopters．The next step is to remove the last remaining invading species，and that's where I come in—with my dogs.They have been trained to find every last one，without harming the native animals.This intervention is a long，much­delayed ending to a sad story，but we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending. poison being dropped from helicopters是动名词的复合结构，作involved的宾语。 and连接的并列句。在第一个分句中，不定式短语“to remove ...invading species”作表语；在第二个分句中，where引导表语从句。 but连接的并列句。在第二个分句中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语to give it a happy ending。 Postscript：In 2014，Macquarie Island was declared pest­free and the island's ecology is finally on the road to recovery. ◆难词注解 ①chaos n．大混乱；紊乱 ②conservation n．保护 ③halfway adj.中间的，半途的 ④sculpt v．雕刻，雕塑 ⑤dramatically adv.显著地 ⑥heritage n．遗产；传统 ⑦fail to do sth.未能做成某事 ⑧inhabitant n．栖居的动物 ⑨penguin n．企鹅 ⑩in harmony with与……和谐相处；与……协调一致 ⑪habitat n．栖息地 ⑫rat n．大老鼠 ⑬mouse n．老鼠(复数形式是mice) ⑭take over占领；接管 ⑮unfortunately adv.不幸的是 ⑯subsequently adv.后来，随后 ⑰appetite n．胃口，食欲 develop an appetite for对……产生食欲 ⑱introduce ...to/into ...把……引入…… ⑲multiply v．(使)大大增加，(使)倍增 ⑳vegetation n．植物，草木(总称) erosion n．侵蚀 soil erosion水土流失 explode v．突然增加 provide sth.for sb.为某人提供某物 in turn反过来 parakeet n．长尾(小)鹦鹉 be native to原产于…… die out灭绝 out of control失去控制 remove ...from ...从……中清除…… virus n．病毒 decrease v．(使)变小，(使)减少 decrease from ...to ...从……减少到…… in consequence(＝as a consequence＝as a result)因此 in consequence of＝as a consequence of＝as a result of由于，作为……的结果 up to 多达 trap n．夹子，陷阱 departure n．离开 or so大约 turn out结果是；证明是 immunity n．免疫力 collapse v．倒坍；塌下 substantial adj.大量的，多的 a substantial number of大量的，许多 incident n．事件 once and for all彻底地，一劳永逸地 participate in参与，参加 tackle v．处理，对付 every last所有，全部 intervention n．干预，介入 owe v．应该做；对……负有……的义务 owe it to sb.to do sth.(认为)应该为某人做某事 postscript n．附言 pest n．有害小动物；害虫 ecology n．生态 备课札记 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Ⅱ.文本理解 ►主旨匹配 答案：Part 1～3　BAC ►文章架构 ►细节探究 1．Which animals are not the native inhabitants on Macquarie Island？(　　) A．Royal penguins. B．King penguins. C．Elephant seals. D．Rabbits. 2．What is the purpose of the island's introduction of cats？(　　) A．To kill rats and mice. B．To take over the island. C．To be food for the birds. D．To bring the island colorful. 3．What was the cause of the parakeets' dying out？(　　) A．Their number was too large. B.The rabbits liked to eat them. C．Too many cats hunted the parakeets. D．The parakeets were eaten up by the rabbits. 4．What can be inferred from the text？(　　) A．The chaos caused on Macquarie Island by humans won't be back to normal. B．People have to work hard together to protect the ecosystem. C．The time spent in saving Macquarie Island won't be long. D．Firstly dogs were introduced to Macquarie Island to catch cats. 答案：1～4　DACB ►课文语法填空 Macquarie Island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.The green grass and bare rock of its landscape contrast 1.dramatically(dramatic)，2.giving(give) it a wild and natural beauty.The island's recent history 3.tells(tell) a tragic story.In 1810 4.when humans arrived on the island，they brought rats and 5.mice(mouse)，6.which ate birds' eggs and attacked baby birds.Later，cats and rabbits 7.were introduced(introduce) to the island，making parakeets die out.Experts felt it necessary 8.to remove(remove) the rabbits，but cats had to eat birds.In the 1980s，traps and dogs were used to catch the cats.9.With the disappearance of cats，the population of mice，rats and rabbits started to increase，which led to a serious result.It was clear that the problem needed 10.solving(solve).People are taking some steps to give the island a happy ending. Ⅲ.教材熟词生义/一词多义 1．dig ①Loose on the island，they did what rabbits do best—they multiplied rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and digging holes，which caused soil erosion.挖掘 ②You'll need to dig deep into the records to find the figures you want.探究；细查 2．develop ①It turned out that they developed an immunity to the virus，and their numbers exploded once again.产生 ②Their bodies were well developed and super fit.发育 ③We need more time to see how things develop before we take action.发展 ④It is important to develop good study skills.养成(习惯)；培养 ⑤Can you develop the film for me，please？冲洗(胶片) Ⅳ.教材续写积累 自然环境描写 ①Strong winds and stormy seas have helped sculpt its long，thin shape. ②The green grass and bare rock of its landscape contrast dramatically，giving it a wild and natural beauty. [仿写]完成句子 ①去年一个暴风雨的下午，我正撑着伞从学校跑回家，这时我听到一只鸟开始鸣叫。 On one stormy afternoon last year，I was running home from school with my umbrella when I heard a bird start to sing. ②多么美丽啊！绿草，蓝天，到处都是盛开的鲜花，小树也很可爱。 How beautiful！The green grass，the blue sky，the blooming flowers are everywhere，and the little trees are also very lovely. [对应学生用书P　] 1 multiply v．(使)大大增加，(使)倍增；乘，乘以；繁殖 Loose on the island，they did what rabbits do best—they multiplied rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and digging holes，which caused soil erosion. 由于在岛上放任其生存，兔子做了自己最擅长的事——飞快地繁殖，它们开始吃当地植被并挖洞，造成了水土流失。 [要点突破] ①multiply sth.by/and sth.用某数乘以某数 ...multiplied by ...is ...……乘以……等于…… ②multiple adj.多种多样的；数量多的 ③multiplication n．乘法；倍增 [写作佳句] I arranged the bills and change from my purse to see what I had.I wished it would multiply before my eyes，but of course it didn't. 我整理了一下钱包里的钞票和零钱，看看我有什么。我希望它能在我眼前成倍增长，但它当然没有。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①Multiply this number by/and 6 to get your heart rate per minute. ②Our problems have multiplied(multiply) since last year. ③Five multiplied(multiply) by six is thirty. ④据报道，吸烟会增加心脏病发作和其他健康问题的风险。 It is reported that smoking multiplies the risk of heart attacks and other health problems. 2 decrease v．(使)变小，(使)减少 n．减少；减少的量 But although the virus caused the rabbit population to decrease from 130，000 to around 10，000，it also meant less food for the cats. 然而，虽然病毒使得兔子的数量从13万只减少到1万只左右，但是这也意味着猫的食物变得更少了。 [要点突破] decrease from ...to ...从……减少到…… decrease in ...在……方面减少 decrease by ...减少了…… decrease to ...减少到…… on the decrease在下降 [写作佳句] Additionally，the number of private cars on the street decreased a lot as public transport was a wiser choice in that horrible weather. 此外，街道上私家车的数量减少了很多，因为在那种糟糕的天气里，公共交通是一个更明智的选择。 “增加”“减少”知多少 ①表示“增加”的动词或动词短语常见的有rise、increase、go up等；表示“减少”的动词或动词短语常见的有fall、drop、go down、decline、decrease等。 ②表示“增加”或“减少”的幅度常用介词by；表示“增加到”或“减少到”常用介词to。 [学以致用] 单句填空/一句多译 ①The demand for tea is on the decrease each year. ②Through the 20th century，forested area in the Philippines decreased from 70 percent to 20 percent. ③The kinds of wild animals have decreased(decrease) sharply in the past three decades. ④The official population is 5，300，but it decreases by a hundred every year. ⑤在过去的几十年里，由于全球变暖，北极的冰一直在减少。 →Over the past decades，the ice in the Arctic has been decreasing as a result of global warming.(decrease vi.) →Over the past decades，the ice in the Arctic has been on the decrease as a result of global warming.(decrease n．) 3 trap n．夹子，陷阱v.(trapped，trapped)困住；使陷入圈套 In the 1980s，traps and dogs were used to catch the cats. 20世纪80年代，人们利用捕猎夹和狗来抓猫。 [要点突破] ①set a trap (for sb./sth.) (给某人/某物)设下圈套 fall/walk into a trap落入圈套/陷阱 ②be/get trapped in困于……；陷于…… trap sb.into (doing) sth.诱骗某人(做)某事 [写作佳句] ①When I read English，I am often trapped in the unknown words，which prevents me from understanding the main idea. 当我读英语时，我经常被困在不认识的单词中，这使我无法理解大意。 ②(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria? 为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？ [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①Sometimes we find ourselves trapped(trap) in occasions when mobile phones fail to work，running out of battery or out of service. ②These incidents led some scientists to develop ways to keep the costly robots from being trapped(trap) in the sand. ③He felt he had been trapped into accepting the terms of the contract. ④它一定会照亮我们前进的道路，防止我们陷入陷阱和麻烦。 It will surely lighten the way ahead for us and prevent us from falling into traps and troubles. 4 explode v．突然增加；(使)爆炸；(愤怒等感情)爆发 It turned out that they developed an immunity to the virus，and their numbers exploded once again. 结果证明，它们对病毒产生了免疫力，数量又一次激增。 [要点突破] ①explode into爆发出…… explode with因……而发作 explode with laughter/anger哄堂大笑/勃然大怒 ②explosion n．爆炸；爆发；激增 ③explosive adj.易爆炸的；爆炸性的 [写作佳句] ①With all the anger and disappointment exploding in my heart，I finally cried，“It's not fair.I worked so hard for my bike，and it's not even new.” 所有的愤怒和失望在我心中爆发，我终于哭了起来：“这不公平。我为我的自行车花了那么多功夫，它甚至都不是新的。” ②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)French strawberries do not taste like cardboard.Instead，they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs. 法国草莓尝起来不像硬纸板。相反，它们就像小小的风味炸弹在你的嘴里爆浆。 [学以致用] 单句填空 ①Fires are breaking out，and explosions(explode) are happening everywhere. ②A powerful device exploded(explode) outside the station. ③He owes his success to the explosive(explode) growth of the export market. ④On hearing it，I exploded with laughter and gave the pen to her as a gift. 5 incident n．事件；冲突 This incident made it clear that the rat，mouse and rabbit problem needed solving once and for all. 这一事件清楚地表明，大鼠、小鼠和兔子泛滥的问题需要彻底解决。 incident/accident/event/affair 词汇 用法 incident 既可指小事件或附带事件，又可指政治上具有影响的事件或事变 accident 一般用于出车祸和事故等非主观性、突发性的事件 event 一般多指重要的大事，如国家的、历史的、社会的大事件，也可指体育项目 affair 通常指生活中一般的“事情”。affair 指国家大事时一般要用复数 [学以致用] 选词填空(affair/incident/accident/event) ①I witnessed a traffic accident on my way home yesterday afternoon. ②His bad behavior was just an isolated incident. ③Our manager is always dealing with daily affairs. ④Reading can deepen their understanding of the events happening at home and abroad. 6 owe v．应该做；对……负有……的义务；欠(债)；把……归功于 This intervention is a long，much­delayed ending to a sad story，but we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending. 这次干预行动是这场漫长而屡被贻误的悲剧的大结局，但这是我们人类应该做的，我们亏欠这座岛屿一个美好的结局。 [要点突破] ①owe sb.sth.＝owe sth.to sb.欠某人某物 owe sb.an apology该向某人道歉 owe sb.a favour欠某人一个人情 owe ...to ...把……归功于……；应感激…… ②owing adj.欠着的；未付的 owing to＝because of＝on account of＝due to因为；由于 [写作佳句] With the gold medal in hand，she said loudly，“I owe my success to Shanda.She taught me better dance movements and techniques.” 手里拿着金牌，她大声说：“我的成功归功于单达。她教会了我更好的舞蹈动作和技巧。” [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①Stephen ate the noodles，feeling that he owed something to the shop owner. ②I owe it to you that I made such great progress in my spoken English. ③我该怎么感谢你呢？我欠你一个大人情。 How can I ever thank you？I owe you a big favor． ④由于这些优秀的品质，我在学习和生活中都取得了很大的成就。 Owing to these good qualities，I have made great achievements in my study and life. 否定副词置于句首的部分倒装 Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants ...existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years. 他们也不难想象出，数千年来……当地动物是如何与其自然栖息地完美地和谐共存的。 [情境探究] ①Not only can you describe your life in the poems，but also you can express your opinions on these topics. 你不仅可以在诗中描述你的生活，还可以表达你对这些话题的看法。 ②Hardly had my dad arrived home the next day when I couldn't wait to ask. 第二天爸爸刚到家，我就迫不及待地问他。 [要点突破] ①部分倒装是把be动词/助动词/情态动词提到主语的前面，即“助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语＋谓语动词”。 ②否定词位于句首时要部分倒装，常见的这类单词和短语有never、not、seldom、rarely、hardly、nowhere、little、not until、by no means、in no sense、in no way、at no time等。 [学以致用] 句型转换 ①I rarely consume sweet foods or sweet drinks. →Rarely do I consume sweet foods or sweet drinks.(倒装句) ②“I will never give up the role！”Elizabeth told her mother. →“Never will I give up the role！”Elizabeth told her mother.(倒装句) ③I didn't realize it was time to quit the unhealthy lifestyle until I looked at my pale face in the mirror. →Not until I looked at my pale face in the mirror did I realize it was time to quit the unhealthy lifestyle.(倒装句) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$