UNIT 4 Section Ⅲ Developing ideas（Word教参）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第二册（外研版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas [对应学生用书P　] Ⅰ.重点词汇 1．cast v．选派(角色) 2．joint adj.联合的，共同的 3．mount v．走上，登上 4．endure v．持续存在 5．battlefield n．战场 6．portion n．一部分 7．altogether adv.完全 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1．real adj.真实的→realistic adj.(目标、希望)能够实现的→reality n．现实 2．minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的→minority n．少数派；少数 3．include v．包括→inclusive adj.包容广阔的→inclusion n．包括，包含 4．harmony n．和谐；融洽→harmonious adj.和睦的，融洽的 5．reward v．奖励；奖赏；给……以报酬 n．报酬；奖赏；回报→rewarding adj.值得做的，有意义的 6．civil adj.公民的，国民的→civilian adj.平民的；百姓的 n．平民；老百姓 7．slave n．奴隶→slavery n．奴隶制 8．unite v．联合，团结→united adj.联合的；统一的→union n．联邦 9．divide v．分开→division n．分歧，分裂 10．liberty n．自由→liberate v．解放→liberation n．解放 11．noble adj.崇高的，高尚的→nobly adv.高尚地，崇高地 12．influence n．& v．影响→influential adj.有影响力的 13．communist adj.共产主义的n.共产主义者→communism n．共产主义 14．dedicate v．致力于，献身于→dedicated adj.满腔热忱的，有奉献精神的→dedication n．献身 形容词后缀­ious表示“具有……的；充满……的；有……特性的；像……的”。 harmony→harmonious　ambition→ambitious anxiety→anxious　curiosity→curious Ⅲ.短语互译 1．文化冲击culture shock 2．(在正式文件中)制定，规定；记下，写下set down 3．白白地，徒劳in vain 4．为了纪念in memory of 5．付出巨大的代价at a great cost 6．逐步地step by step 7．使产生，使出现bring forth 8．be engaged in从事于；忙于 9．play an important role in在……中起重要作用 10．have a better understanding of ...更好地理解…… Ⅳ.重点句式 1．句型：be likely to do sth.很有可能做某事 教材原句：Leading roles are more likely to be given to white actors. 翻译：主角更有可能是白人演员。 2．句型：(1)It is/was up to sb.to do sth. (2)not only ...but (also) ... 教材原句：Now it was up to the living to remove not only the divisions between North and South，but the boundaries between black and white，and work step by step towards the equality of humankind. 翻译：现在，责任落到了生者身上，不仅要消除南北之间的分歧，而且要打破黑人和白人之间的界限，并逐步实现人类的平等。 [对应学生用书P　] Ⅰ.原文释译 The Words That Changed A Nation On a grey afternoon on 19 November 1863，a tall，thin man mounted① a platform② in a field in Gettysburg，Pennsylvania and began to speak.The place was the site of a recent battle ❶where thousands of soldiers had died．❷The man was Abraham Lincoln，President of the United States of America，and he was there in memory of③ the soldiers who had died. The speech ❸he gave was just 268 words long and lasted two minutes.But this address④ to the crowd changed the minds of his people and helped shape⑤ a nation. ❶where引导的定语从句修饰site。 ❷and连接的并列复合句。第一个分句中，“President of ...America”作Abraham Lincoln的同位语；第二个分句中，who引导的定语从句修饰the soldiers。 ❸省略了关系代词which/that的定语从句，修饰The speech。 At that time，America was bitterly⑥ divided.For two years，its people had been deep in a civil war⑦ between the slave⑧ ­owning Confederate⑨ Southern States and the “free” Northern States of the Union⑩.The worst battle lasted three days and took place⑪ at Gettysburg in 1863.The Union side won，but at a great cost⑫.Over 50，000 soldiers were killed or wounded，and people lost hope and purpose.What was all this suffering⑬ for? Lincoln understood the feelings of the civilian⑭ people.His speech gave them hope，belief and a reason to look to the future⑮ .He gave them a new vision of⑯ ❹what the United States of America should be，based on⑰ the ideals set down⑱ by its Founding Fathers 87 years before．It was what the soldiers had died for.Now it was up to the living to remove⑲ not only the divisions⑳ between North and South，but the boundaries between black and white，and work step by step towards the equality of humankind. ❹what 引导宾语从句，作介词of的宾语，what在从句中作表语；过去分词短语“based on the ideals ...before”作状语，其中过去分词短语“set down by ... before”作后置定语，修饰the ideals。 Four score and seven years ago ❺our fathers brought forth，upon this continent，a new nation，conceived in Liberty，and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal． ❺本句主干是our fathers brought forth a new nation。其中过去分词短语“conceived in Liberty，and dedicated to the proposition”作后置定语，修饰nation；that引导同位语从句，解释说明the proposition的具体内容。 Now we are engaged in a great civil war，testing whether that nation，or any nation，so conceived，and so dedicated，can long endure .We are met here on a great battlefield of that war.❻We have come to dedicate a portion of it as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live.It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. ❻句中who引导的定语从句修饰those，其中that that nation might live是第一个that引导的目的状语从句，此处第一个that相当于so that。 But in a larger sense，we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate—we can not hallow this ground.❼The brave men，living and dead，who struggled here，have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract.The world will little note，nor long remember，what we say here，but can never forget what they did here.❽It is for us，the living，rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they have，thus far，so nobly carried on. ❾It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion —that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain；that this nation shall have a new birth of freedom；and that this government of the people，by the people，for the people，shall not perish from the earth. (“The Gettysburg Address” by Abraham Lincoln) ❼句中living and dead是形容词作后置定语；who引导的定语从句修饰The brave men；far above our poor power to add or detract作状语。 ❽句子主干是It is for us rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work。the living作us的同位语；which引导定语从句，修饰the unfinished work。 ❾第一个破折号前面是主句，后面是四个that引导的同位语从句，是对主句的进一步解释。第一个that引导的同位语从句中，for which引导的定语从句修饰that cause；第三个that引导的同位语从句中，resolve后是that引导宾语从句。 ◆难词注解 ①mount v．走上，登上 ②platform n．讲台；舞台；站台 ③in memory of为了纪念 ④address n．演讲，演说 an/the address to ...对……的演讲 ⑤shape v．形成；影响 ⑥bitterly adv.苦涩地，悲痛地；残酷地 ⑦civil war内战 civil adj.公民的，国民的 ⑧slave n．奴隶 ⑨confederate adj.(美国内战期间)南部联邦的 ⑩union n．联邦 ⑪take place发生 ⑫at a great cost付出巨大的代价 ⑬suffering n．痛苦，苦难，折磨 ⑭civilian adj.平民的；百姓的 ⑮look to the future展望未来 ⑯a new vision of对……的新愿景 ⑰be based on以……为基础 ⑱set down (在正式文件中)制定，规定；写下，记下 ⑲remove v．移走；除去 ⑳division n．分歧，分裂 step by step逐步地 equality n．平等 bring forth使产生，使出现 conceive v．构想，设想 liberty n．自由 dedicate v．致力于，献身于 proposition n．主张，观点；提议，建议 be engaged in从事于；忙于 endure v．持续存在 battlefield n．战场 portion n．一部分 altogether adv.完全 fitting adj.合适的，恰当的 in a larger sense从更广泛的意义上来说 consecrate v．宣布……为神圣之处 hallow v．使成为神圣 far above one's power远远超过某人的力量 detract v．减低，破坏，损害 nobly adv.高尚地，崇高地 carry on继续 remaining adj.剩余的 take increased devotion to对……更加忠诚 the last full measure of devotion最后的完全奉献 resolve v．下决心，决意(做某事) in vain白白地 perish v．死亡 备课札记 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Ⅱ.文本理解 ►主旨大意 The text is mainly about Lincoln's speech and its influence． ►文章架构 Founding of the US It aimed at bringing 1.freedom to the people and was based on the principle that all men are created 2.equal． 3.Challenges of the Civil War It would 4.test whether a nation conceived in Liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal can long endure. Men fighting in the war They gave their lives so that their nation might live.They were 5.brave men whose struggles had consecrated the ground. The “great task” This nation shall have a new 6.birth of freedom；and this government of the people，by the people，for the people，shall not perish from the earth. Who would carry out the task？ The 7.living should be dedicated to the task. ►细节探究 1．Why did Lincoln arrive in Gettysburg？(　　) A．Because there was a platform in a field. B．Because there was a big battle. C．Because he was there in memory of the dead fighters. D．Because he wanted to give a famous speech. 2．How long did the American civil war last？(　　) A．For two years. B．For three days. C．For a year. D．For two months. 3．What was the purpose of the civil war according to Lincoln？(　　) A．To see if they're right. B．To see if a nation can last. C．To bury the dead soldiers. D．To meet on the battlefield. 4．In Lincoln's eyes，what was the unfinished great task？(　　) A．All people were created equal and free. B．The government should be for the people. C.The country would never perish from the earth. D．They couldn't forget what they did there. 答案：1～4　CABA ►课文语法填空 On a grey afternoon on 19 November 1863，Abraham Lincoln mounted a platform in a field in Gettysburg，Pennsylvania.He was there in memory of the 1.dead(die) soldiers.The place was the site of a recent battle 2.where thousands of soldiers had died. At that time，America was 3.bitterly(bitter) divided.For two years，its people had been deep in a civil war.The Union side won but 4.at a great cost.Over 50，000 soldiers 5.were killed(kill) or wounded，and people lost hope and purpose. Lincoln understood the feelings of the civilian people.His speech gave them hope，belief and a reason 6.to look(look) to the future.He gave them 7.a new vision of what the United States of America should be，8.based(base) on the ideals set down by its Founding Fathers 87 years before.It was what the soldiers had died for.Now it was up to the 9.living(live) to remove not only the divisions between North and South，but the boundaries between black and white，and work step by step towards the 10.equality(equal) of humankind. [对应学生用书P　] 1 harmonious adj.和睦的，融洽的 Rather，it's about countries and people making a joint effort to come together to create a more harmonious and understanding world，so that we can all enjoy the mutual benefits. 相反，这是一个国家和人民共同努力，共同创造一个更加和谐和理解的世界，这样我们才能共同受益。 [要点突破] harmony n．融洽；和谐 be in harmony with与……协调；与……一致 be out of harmony with与……不协调；与……不一致 [写作佳句] To be grateful is a traditional virtue of our nation，with which the world will be more harmonious. 感恩是我们民族的传统美德，懂得感恩，世界将更加和谐。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①The sky and the sea here made a harmonious(harmony) picture. ②Human life is regarded as part of nature and the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature. ③When children grow up，their ideas may sometimes be out of harmony with their parents' thoughts. ④虽然有战争，但我相信未来所有国家和睦相处是有可能的。 Although there are wars，I believe it's possible for all countries to live in harmony with each other in the future. 2 rewarding adj.值得做的，有意义的 It was rewarding to see how our work helped bring people together from different cultures. 看到我们的工作如何帮助来自不同文化的人们走到一起是值得的。 [要点突破] reward n．奖励；回报；报酬 v．奖励；奖赏；给……以报酬 in reward for为了酬谢或报答 as a reward for作为对……的奖励/报酬，为了表彰…… reward sb.for (doing) sth.因为(做)某事报答/奖赏某人 reward sb.with ...用……报答/奖励某人 [写作佳句] ①He received a medal in reward for/as a reward for his devotion. 他因奉献而获得了一枚奖章。 ②The school rewarded him with a prize for participating in the speech competition. 他因参加演讲比赛而受到学校的奖赏。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①That boy put efforts and got rewarded for his hard work. ②The job is not very rewarding(reward) in terms of money，but he is getting valuable experience from it. ③He rewarded the boy with $10 for bringing back his lost dog. ④为了表彰他的勇敢，这个士兵被授予一枚勋章。 As a reward for his bravery，a medal was given to the soldier. 3 division n．分歧，分裂；差异；分配；除法 Now it was up to the living to remove not only the divisions between North and South，but the boundaries between black and white，and work step by step towards the equality of humankind. 现在，责任落到了生者身上，不仅要消除南北之间的分歧，还要打破黑人和白人之间的界限，并逐步实现人类的平等。 [要点突破] divide v．(使)分开，分散，分割；分担；分配 divide ...between/among ...在……之间分配…… be divided into被(划)分成…… divide A from B　把A与B分开 [写作佳句] It is highly recommended that you should divide the dishes and eat up. 强烈建议你把菜分开并吃光。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①The educators agreed upon a division(divide) of the textbook into twelve units. ②How to divide labor among the workers is still a question. ③When you go to the library，you will find all of the books are divided into different categories. ④我们的房子和隔壁的房子之间隔着一条狭窄的小巷。 There's a narrow alley which divides our house from the one next door. 4 bring forth使产生，使出现 Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth，upon this continent，a new nation，conceived in Liberty，and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. 87年前，我们的先辈们在这块大陆上创建了一个新国家，它孕育于自由之中，奉行人人生而平等的原则。 [要点突破] bring about造成，引起，导致 bring down降低；减少 bring in推行，引入；使挣到；使赚到 bring out生产(新产品)；出版；使显现，使表现出 bring up提出(议题等)；抚养；呕吐 [写作佳句] Now Jim understood the importance of hard work.This incident brought about a major change in his life. 现在吉姆明白了努力工作的重要性。这件事使他的生活发生了重大变化。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①The government is taking effective measures to bring down the house prices. ②The heavy spring rains brought about the flood. ③They try to bring out one new book each month. ④In addition to his salary，he has investments which bring in about five hundred pounds a year. ⑤你的建议将在下次会议上提出来。 Your suggestion will be brought up at the next meeting. 5 be engaged in从事于；忙于 Now we are engaged in a great civil war，testing whether that nation，or any nation，so conceived，and so dedicated，can long endure. 当下我们正深陷于一场大规模的内战之中，以考验这个国家或者任何具有相同信仰和致力于相同主张的国家能否长存。 [情境探究] ①After graduating from college，he engaged in business. 大学毕业后他从商了。 ②Tom is engaged to the girl of his dreams. 汤姆与他梦想中的女孩订了婚。 ③Their engagement was announced in the local paper. 他们订婚的事已经在当地报纸上公布。 [要点突破] ①engage v．参加；参与(活动) engage in 参加；参与 ②engaged adj.忙于；从事于；已订婚的 be engaged to与……订婚 ③engagement n．(与……的)密切关系；订婚；约定 [写作佳句] It is concentration that makes you fully engage in online lessons，so try to remove any kind of distraction from your desk. 是专注力让你全身心地投入到在线课程中，所以尽量把任何让你分心的东西从你的桌子上挪走。 表示“忙于(做)某事”的短语还有： ①be employed in doing sth. ②be busy with sth./doing sth. ③be occupied with sth./in doing sth. [学以致用] 单句填空/一句多译 ①Only 10% of American adults engage in regular exercise. ②He is engaged in the development of a new generation of the computer. ③The G7 leaders appealed for broad international engagement(engage) to cope with the issues. ④海伦忙于公务，所以我们不想打扰她。 →Helen was engaged in business matters，so we didn't want to bother her.(engage) →Helen was busy with business matters，so we didn't want to bother her.(busy) →Helen was occupied with business matters，so we didn't want to bother her.(occupy) 6 influential adj.有影响力的 Edgar Snow was an American journalist who wrote influential books and articles about China in the 1930s. 埃德加·斯诺是一位美国记者，他在20世纪30年代写过关于中国的很有影响力的书籍和文章。 [情境探究] ①(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)To test the effect of social influence on eating habits，the researchers conducted two experiments. 为了测试社会对饮食习惯产生的影响，研究人员进行了两项实验。 ②Global warming is having a great influence on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world. 全球变暖正在对世界上数百种动植物物种产生重大影响。 [要点突破] influence v．影响 n．影响，作用；有影响的人(物) have an influence on/upon对……起作用 under the influence of在……的影响下 be influenced by受……的影响 [写作佳句] Now，under the influence of my mother，the hero of me，I also become a nurse. 现在，在我心目中的英雄——我的母亲的影响下，我也成了一名护士。 [学以致用] 单句填空/一句多译 ①Confucius' philosophy has a great influence on/upon Chinese culture. ②You can't imagine the influence you have on/upon me. ③(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential(influence) when we're making decisions. ④他在朋友的影响下献身教育。 →He devoted himself to teaching under the influence of his friend．(influence n．) →Influenced by his friend，he devoted himself to teaching.(influence v．) be likely to do sth.很可能做某事 Leading roles are more likely to be given to white actors. 主角更有可能是白人演员。 [情境探究] ①She is very likely to ring me tonight. ＝It is very likely that she will ring me tonight. 她今晚很有可能给我打电话。 ②Unlike Peter，Gary dislikes football，so he is unlikely to watch the football match tomorrow. 加里不像彼得，他不喜欢足球，所以明天他不大可能看足球比赛。 [要点突破] ①likely adj.可能的；可能发生的 sb./sth.be likely to do sth.某人/物很可能做某事 it's likely that ...很可能…… ②unlikely adj.不大可能发生的 be unlikely to ...不大可能…… likely用于“it is likely that ...”和sb./sth.be likely to do sth.句型中，但不用于it is likely for sb./sth.to do sth.句型中。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子/句型转换 ①The study shows some people are more likely to suffer(suffer) back problems. ②If you can find suitable learning methods，your learning efficiency is likely to be improved(improve). ③然后他抬起头来，却发现他的儿子随时都有可能摔倒。 Then he looked up，only to find his son likely to fall at any moment. ④If you grow up in a large family，you are more likely to develop the ability to get on well with others. →If you grow up in a large family，it is more likely that you will develop the ability to get on well with others. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$