第10讲 非谓语动词（考点精讲）-【中职适用】2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（山东专用）

►专题10 非谓语动词用法梳理 考点解读 考点归纳： 动词不定式----动词不定式作主语、宾语、定语、宾补、表语和状语的用法 动词-ing形式----动词-ing形式作主语、定语、作状语、表语、宾语和宾语补足语的用法 动词-ed形式---动词-ed形式作定语、表语、宾语和宾语补足语的用法 考点精讲 非谓语动词的定义 非谓语动词是指在句子中不作谓语的动词形式, 主要包括动词不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)三种形式。 非谓语动词除了不能作句子的谓语外,可以充当句子的任何成分。 非谓语动词的用法 考点01 动词不定式 动词不定式由“to十动词原形”组成，否定形式为 “not+动词不定式”。 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。 1.作主语 (1)动词不定式作主语谓语动词用第三人称单数。如： To travel around the world is my dream. (2)动词不定式作主语较长时，常用 it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语动词不定式放在谓语之后，常见句型：It+be+adj.+for/of+sb.+to do sth…。在这个句型中，如果句中的形容词是修饰某人本身具有的某种特征或品质时，就用of; 反之，则用for。如： It was kind of you to help us . It is easy for us to learn English well in a short time. 2. 作宾语 后面常跟动词不定式作宾语的常见的动词有：want, ask, decide, agree, expect, plan, offer, manage等 She wants to find a better place to live in 注意：在复合宾语中， 当不定式做直接宾语，而后面还有宾补时，可以把不定式放在宾补后面，用形式宾语it代替. I find it hard to learn English well. 3.做表语 动词不定式作表语表示主语的职业，职责或者愿望，责任等，大部分主语和表语的位置可以互换。如： Her wish is to be a singer. = To be a singer is her wish. ▲4.作定语 动词不定式作定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。与被修饰词有逻辑上的主谓或者动宾关系。如： I would like something to drink。 不及物动词构成的动词不定式作定语，介词不能省。 He is a difficult person to get along with. ▲5. 作状语 (1）作目的状语。常与in order to 或so as to 等连用。如： In order to catch the first bus, he got up early. (2)作结果状语。 如：He searched the house to find nothing. (3)作原因状语。其些形容词作表语，表示喜、怒，哀、乐，后跟表示原因的动词不定式。如： I’m glad to receive your letter. 6. 作宾语补足语 1)常跟动词不定式作宾补的动词有 ask, like, tell, advise, want, invite, force,expect, order, allow 等。如： My friends asked me to join a football club. (2）使役动词let,make, have, 和感官动词 feel, hear, listen to, see, notice, watch,look at 等接动词不定式作宾补时，可以省略to；但是，当用于被动语态时，必须带 to。 I often hear a girl sing in the next room. = A girl is often heard to sing in the next room. 7. 疑问词+不定式 疑问代词who,what, which 和疑问副词when, where, how, why等后面可以跟动词不定式，相当于一个名词性从句，在句子中作主语，宾语，表语等成分。 I don’t know what to do next.（作宾语) When to start is still a problem.(作主语) The question is how to get there. (作表语) 考点02 动名词 动名词由“动词+ing”构成，动名词具有名次的性质，在句子可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。动名词没有时态变化，但分为一般式和完成式。如： Reading is important。 Thank you for not smoking. 1. 作主语 （1）单个动名词作主语时,谓语动词一律用单数。如： Chatting with friends online is a pleasure. (2)动名词短语作主语时,通常用it作形式主语，从而把动名词短语后置。 It's no good eating much junk food.. 2．作宾语 1.只能跟动名词作宾语的词或词组有: enjoy, practice, finish, avoid. keep, consider,suggest, worth,can't help 等。如： I enjoy reading English in the morning. (2) 既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以用动词不定式作宾语的词或者词组有like, love, start,prefer, finish, 等。如： I start to write a book. 〖注〗有的动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语,其意义有较大差别。 remember to do sth. 记住去做某事(此事未做）remember doing sth， 记得做过某事(此事已做） torget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(此事未做）forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(此事已做) stop to do sth. 停止正在做的事，去做另外一件事、stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事 try to do sth. 努力去做.... try doing sth. 试着去做某事 mean to do sth. 打算做某事 mean doing 意味着 3.作表语 动名词作表语，一般可以转换为动名词做主语。如： Her job is teaching. = Teaching is her job.。 4. 作定语 动名词可以置于名词前作定语,表示被修饰名词的用途和性能。如： swimming pool is clean. 游泳池 reading room. 阅览室 考点03 分词 分词分为现在分词v+ing和过去分词v+ed。现在分词表示进行和主动； 过去分词表示被动和完成。 1.作表语 有些分词用在系动词后面作表语，说明主语的性质。实际上，它已经形容词化，可以看作是一个形容词。如： The news is encouraging． She looked worried. The window was broken by the little boy yesterday afternoon. （被动） 2.作定语 单个分词作定语,常放在被修饰词的前面;分词短语作定语时,则一般放在被修饰词之后。如： I’m reading an interesting book. Everybody attended the meeting held last week． Do you know the man sitting there？ 【注】分词作定语，与其被修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系。如： a sleeping boy =a boy who is sleeping a repaired car = a car which is being repaired 3.作状语 分词作状语可以表示时间、条件、原因、伴随及结果等。分词作状语，分词的逻辑主语一般要与句子的主语保持一致。分词作状语，一般可以用一个状语从句来代替。如： Hearing the news, I jumped with joy. (现在分词作时间状语) If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better. = Given more attention, the trees could have grown better. (过去分词作条件状语) 4.作宾语补足语 现在分词作宾语补足语表示主动意义或正在进行，过去分词作宾语补足语表示被动意义或已完成。如： I see her playing the piano. I will have my bike repaired 。 非谓语动词的句法功能： 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 宾补 不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动名词 √ √ √ √ × × 现在分词 × × √ √ √ √ 过去分词 × × √ √ √ √ 重点小练 1.(2023年山东春季高考）We managed to persuade him ________our creative project on new energy vehicles. A. join B. joined C. joining D. to join 【答案】D 【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意：“我们成功地说服他加入我们关于新能源汽车的创新项目。”解题的关键在于弄清楚to join是动词不定式作宾语补足语。 2.He looked around and caught a man_______his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A.put B. to be putting C. putting D. to put 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意：“他四处张望,撞见一个男人将他的手放进了一个乘客的口袋里。”此处catch sb. doing sth强调撞见某人在干某事。这里的过去分析作宾语补足语，强调动作正在进行，所以选择C。 3. They use computers to keep the traffic _______smoothly. A. being run B. run C.to run D.running 【答案】D 【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意：“他们利用电脑来使交通行驶畅通。”keep something doing意为“使....一直保持某种状态”或“使....一直做某事”。此处keep the traffic running smoothly意为“使交通行驶畅通”，并且traffic和run是主动关系，所以选择D。 4.Qingdao International Beer Festival_______ in this year appeals to a lot of people across the world. A.held B. is being held C. being held D. to be held 【答案】A 【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意：“今年举办的青岛国际啤酒节吸引了来自全世界的许多人。” 此处，held为动词hold的过去分词形式作定语修饰festival,表被动。所以选择A。 好题必测 1. ----I'm sorry , I forget________your book that I borrowed last weekend.. ----That's OK. A. to bring B.bringing C. to take D.taking 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：很抱歉，我忘记把我上周借你的书给你带来了。根据句意，可知此处考察forget doing “忘记做过某事” 和forget to do “忘记去做某事”的区别，另外考查bring”带来”和take”带走”的辨析，故选C项。 2. My mum often asks me ________mobile phone games too much,because it is bad for my eyes. A. not play B. not playing C. not to play D. not played 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词不定式的用法。句意：她经常要求我不要玩太多的电脑游戏，因为那对眼睛有害。 not to play为动词不定式的否定形式作ask的宾语补足语。故选C。 3. It was too noisy. The speaker had to raise his voice to make himself__________. A. Hear B. to hear C. heard D. hearing 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查动词过去分词的用法。因为himself与hear之间是被动关系,故空格处应该用过去分词表示被动意义。make sb..done “使某人被...”。 故选C。 4. ---Is Jack at home? --- No, he is not. Because I saw him____ the supermarket with a shopping cart. A. to enter B. entered C. entering D.enters 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词分词的用法。感官动词 feel, hear, listen to, see, notice, watch,look at 等接动词不定式作宾补时，常接省略to的动词不定式。 5. ---Would you mind_________the window? ---No, not at all. A.open B. opening C. to open D. opened 【答案】B 【解析】考查动名词的用法。mind后面只能跟动名词作宾语，mind doing 意为 “介意做某事”。故选B。 6.You had better_______your hair ______. A. to have; cut B. have; cut C. have; cutting D. to have; cutting 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词过去分词的用法。句意：你最好让人剪一下头发。Had better do sth “做好做某事”。因为hair与cut之间是被动关系,故空格处应该用过去分词表示被动意义。have sth.done “使某物被...”。 故选B。 7.---In my opinion, we should build up more beautiful places for animals___________. A. live B. to live C.living D. to live in 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词不定式的用法。句意：在我看来，我们应该给动物们建造更更多美好的地方来居住。根据句意，不及物动词live构成的动词不定式作定语，要加上介词in和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系，这里介词不可以省略。故选D。 8．______ the early plane, you will have to get up early and take a taxi. A．Catching B．Caught C．Catch D．To catch 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词不定式的用法。句意：为了赶上早班机，你必须早起并乘出租车。To catch the early pane是不定式短语作目的状语。故选D。 9．It's our duty ________people from polluting the environment. A. Keep B. to keep C. keeping D. keeps 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词不定式的用法。句意：阻止人们污染环境是我们的职责。当作主语的不定式短语较长时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在谓语之后,常见句型:It+be+adj.+for/of+sb.+to do sth.。故选B。 10．— I spend some time ___________English every day. A. practice B. to practice C. practices D. practicing 【答案】D 【详解】考查动名词的用法。句意：我每天花费一些时间练习英语。根据句意可知，此处考查spend time (in) doing，此处省略介词in，需要选practicing的动名词形式。故选A。 11.Our classroom needs ____________every day. A. Clean B. cleaned C. cleaning D. to clean 【答案】C 【解析】考查动名词的用法。句意：我们的教室需要每天打扫。考查need +doing的用法，此处cleaning 为动名词的主动形式表示被动的含义。故选C。 12. — What do you usually have for breakfast? —I used to _______noodles, but these days I'm used to_______bread and milk. A.eat; have B. eating; having C. eating; have D. eat; having 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词不定式和动名词的用法。句意：—你早餐通常吃什么？—我过去常常吃面条，但是这些日子我习惯吃面包喝牛奶。此处used to do 为动词不定式作used 的宾语，be used to doing中，to为介词，后面加doing作宾语。故选D。 13.—Do you enjoy__________ a volunteer to help others? —If you want______more about this, you'd better join us. A. being; knowing B.to be; knowing C. being; to know D. to be; to know 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词不定式和动名词的用法。句意：---你喜欢当志愿者来帮助别人吗？——如果你想了解更多，你最好加入我们。此处，enjoy只能跟动名词作宾语，而want后面加动词不定式作宾语。故选C。 14.The teacher showed his students some old maps________ from the library. A.to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing 【答案】C 【解析】考查过去分词。句意：老师把从图书馆借来的一些老地图展示给他的学生。此处，borrowed作maps的定语，与其存在逻辑上的被动关系，因此需要填过去分析。故选C。 15. I find it useful___________to listen to some relaxing music when you are tired. A. drink B. drank C. drunk D. to drink 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：我发现当你疲惫的时听点舒缓的音乐很有用。此处，it为find的形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的动词不定式，故选B。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！学科网（北京）股份有限公司9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$