内容正文:
►专题4 数词用法梳理
考点解读
考点
解读
数词
1. 基数词的构成与用法
2. 序数词的表示法和用法
3. 数词的其他表达
考点精讲
考点一 基数词
1.基数词的构成方法
(1)1-12分别由12个不同的单词表示,如one(1),two(2),three(3)等。
(2)13-19均是以词尾是-teen的单词表示,如thirteen(13),fourteen(14),fifteen(15)等。
(3)20-90的整十数均是以词尾是-ty的单词表示,如twenty(20),thirty(30),forty(40)等。
当表示几十几时,个位和十位间需要加连字符“-”,如twenty-one(21)。
(4)整百由表示1-9的单词加hundred(百)表示,如one hundred(100)。
(5)当表示几百几十几时,整百和整十数间由and连接,十位和个位间加连字符“-”如one hundred and twenty-one(121)。
如果十位数是零,则在百位和个位间用and连接,如one hundred and two(102)。
(6)1,000以上的四位数先写千位数,后写百位数,再加and,最后写十位数和个位数。如;
one thousand two hundred and thirty-four 1,234
five thousand eight hundred and ninety-three 5 ,893
(7)1,000以上的多位数,要使用计数间隔号,即从个位起,每隔三位加一个间隔号。第一个间隔号前是thousand (千),第二个间隔号前是 million (百万),第三个间隔号前是 thousand million 或 billion (十亿)。如;
five hundred and sixty-seven thousand eight hundred and ninety 567.890
eight hundred and eighty-eight million 888 ,000 .000
nine billion seven hundred and fifty million six hundred and thirty-two thousand five hundred 9,750.632.500
▲ 基数词的用法:
(1)基数词在句中的作用
基数词的作用相当于名词和形容词, 在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语等。如;
(2) hundred,thousand,million,billion等词,若前而有具体数字,则用单数形式。若这些词前没有具体数字,表示泛指,则用复数,并要与of短语连用。如;
five hundred people五百人 thousands of people 数千人
three thousand years 三千年 hundreds of students 数百名学生
(3) 用基数词表示顺序,其位置在名词之后。如;
Lesson One第一课 Bus No.2二路公交车
(4) “整十”的复数形式可表示几十年代或某人几十多岁。如:
The old man is in his seventies. 这位老人七十多岁。
In the 1990s 在20世纪90年代(in +the+整十数复数)
(5) 以基数词合成的定语,其中的名词用单数。如:a seven-year-old boy一个七岁的男孩
(6) “another+基数词+名词复数”或“基数词+more+名词”都表示在已有基础上再增加一定的数量,可互换使用。
The cakes are not enough. I need another three/ three more.
(7) 基数词+times表示倍数。
This room is three times as large as that one.
考点二 序数词
序数词用来表示数词顺序。除特殊情况外,序数词一般都由相应的基数词加后缀-th构
1.序数词的变化规则
(1)一般情况下,基数词词尾加-th,即可构成序数词。如;four→fourth,eighteen-eighteenth, hundred-hundredth等。
(2)表示“几十”的序数词通常是将基数词词尾的y变成i再加上后级-eth。如;fifty-fiftieth, thirty-thirtieth等。其余的两位数序数词是以相应的整十基数词加个位序数词如;fifty-one-fifty-first。
(3)不规则序数词的变化。如;one→first, two-second, three-third,five- fifth,eight→eighth,nine-ninth,twelve-twelfth等。
▲序数词可缩写为阿拉伯数字加序数词最后两个字母:
(the)first=lst (the)second=2nd (the)third=3rd (the)fifth=5th
(the)one hundred(and)first=l0lst(the) ninety-seventh=97th
2.序数词的用法:
(1)序数词表示顺序,用定冠词the, 后接单数名词。如: the first lesson 第一课
【注】“301房间”这样的词“Room 301”,由于数字较长,所以避免用序数词表示。
(2) 序数词的前面可以加上不定冠词a,表示“又一,再一”。如;
I have tried twice, but i will try a third time.我已经试过两次,我将再试一次。
(3) 表示日期。如:May lst读作“May the first”或“the first of May”
(4) 当序数词前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格修饰时,序数词前不用the。
This is our first lesson.
考点三 其他数词的表达
1. 分数
分数由基数词和序数词构成,分子用基数词,分母用序数词;分子大于1时,,分母用序数词的复数。如:
one sixth 1/6 two thirds 2/3 three fifths 3/5
【注】1/2通常读作one half; 1/4 可读作one fourth,也可优作one quarter.
2.百分数
百分数由"基数词+per cent美式英语写作percent组成。如;
fifteen percent 15%
【注】 当分数或百分数作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式,由其后的名词的数决定。
Three quarters of the earth is covered by water. 地球四分之三的面积被水覆盖。
Two thirds of the science books are written in English。科学书的三分之二是英语写的。
重点小练
1. (2015年山东春季高考)----Do you know where the sales department is?
-----It's on______floor.
A. nine B. ninth C. the ninth D.a ninth
【答案】C
【解析】 本题考查序数词的用法。序数词修饰名词时必须放在名词的前面,并且加定冠词 the。
2.(2016年山东春季高考) My father was born_________. When he was________, he went abroad.
A.in 1970; in his thirty B. in the 1970s; in his thirties
C.in the 1970; in his thirty D.in 1970s; in his thirties
【答案】 B
【解析】 本题考查数词表示时间的用法。“在……年代”用 “in+the+年代的复数形式”;表示某人的大约年龄,可用整十数的基数词的复数形式。
3.(2017年山东春季高考)---It is reported that there are________ bike-sharing app users in China now.
---- Yes, bike-sharing service has brought us great convenience.
A.five millions B.five millions of C, million of D.millions of
【答案】 D
【解析】 本题考查基数词的用法。hundred,thousand,million, billion等词,若前面有具体数字,则用单数形式。若这些词前没有具体数字,表示泛指,则用复数,并要与of短语连用。
4.(2018年山东春季高考)_________of the students in our class went to the English party yesterday.
A. Three fourth B. Three fourths C. Third four D. Third fourths
【答案】 B
【解析】 本题考查分数的表达。分子用基数词,分母用序数词;分子大于1时,分母用复数。
5. (2019年山东春季高考) Nowadays about 70% of the energy used in this city________from oil and gas.
A.come B.comes C. have come D. had come
【答案】 B
【解析】 本题考查百分数与时态。当分数或百分数作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式由其后的名词的数决定。energy是不可数名词;再根据句意可知本句应用一般现在时。
6. (2021年山东春季高考)________of the land in our hometown_______covered with trees and grasses.
A. Three fifths; is B. Three fifths; are
C.Three fifth; is D. Three fifth; are
【答案】 A
【解析】 本题考查数词。句意:“在我们家乡,五分之三的土地被树和草覆盖。”英语中,表示分数时,分子用基数词,分母用序数词;分子大于1时,分母用复数形式。当“分数十of十名司”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于of后面的名词。因为land 为不可数名词,所以动词用is。
7.----How old is your son?
----__________. We had a special party for his_________birthday yesterday
A. Nine; nine B. Ninth; nine C. Nine; the ninth D. Nine; ninth
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查数词。几岁用基数词,nine;生日用序数词,the ninth。故选C。
8.He has failed _________times, but he won't give up a________chance.
A. third; four B. three; fourth C. third; fourth D. three; four
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查数词。第一个空为三次three times;第二空为序数词的前面可以加上不定冠词,表示“又一,再一”,a fourth chance 意为“第四次机会”故选B。
9. _____ of the students in the middle school is about two thousand, and ___ of them are boys.
A A number of, three fifth B The number of, three fifths
C A number of, three fifths D The number of, three fifth
【答案】B
【解析】考查数词和分数。a number of 许多, 修饰可数数词; the number of …的数量,谓语动词用单数;第二个空为分数的表达,分子用基数词,分母用序数词;分子大于1时,分母用复数,故选B。
10.The government will send _____ books to the mountain school on Children’s Day.
A five thousands of B five thousand of C five thousand D five thousands
【答案】C
【解析】考查数词。hundred,thousand,million,billion等词,若前而有具体数字,则用单数形式。若这些词前没有具体数字,表示泛指,则用复数,并要与of短语连用。故选C。
好题必测
1.December is the ____ month in a year.
A twelve B twenty C twelfth D twentieth
【答案】C
【解析】考查序数词。12月是一年中的第12个月,故选C项。
2._____ of the students in our class _____ singing.
A Two fifth; likes B Two fifth; like C Two fifths; likes D Two fifths; like
【答案】D
【解析】考查分数。当分数或百分数作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式,由其后的名词的数决定。题干中主语为复数students,因此谓语动词用复数。故选D。
3. Today we will learn______, please turn to _____.
A Lesson Two; Page Twelfth B Lesson Two; Page Twelve
C the second lesson; Page Twelfth D second lesson; Page twelve
【答案】B
【解析】考查数词。基数词来表达编号时,使用名词+基数词的结构,且名词通常为单数形式、名词和基数词的首字母进行大写。故选B。
4.We live in an old apartment with _____ floors and we are on the ______ floor.(2020年高考真题)
A six; three B sixth; third C sixth; three D six; third
【答案】D
【详解】考查数词。第一个空为三层的楼,所以用three floor; 第二个空为在第三层,用序数词the third floor.故选D。
5.They plan to stay in Shanghai for___________ .
A.one and a half hours B.one and half hour
C.one hour and half D.one hours and a half
【答案】A
【解析】考查时间的表达。一个半小时的表达为one and a half hours, 故选C。
6. Great changes took place in China ______.
A.in the 1980s B.in the 1980 C.in 1980s D.on the 1980
【答案】A
【解析】考查年代的表达。in +the+整十数复数:in the 1980s。故选B
7.Let's look at _________ picture and then look at Picture ____________.
A.first: Second B.one; Two
C.the first; Two D.the first; the second
【答案】C
【解析】考查数词。第一张图片为the first picture; 第二张照片为Picture 2或者the second picture。故选B。
8.The doctor told me to take the medicine ________if I still felt sick after going home.
A.every four hours B.each four hours
C.every fourth hours D.each fourth hour
【答案】A
【详解】考查数词。每四小时的表达为every four hours。故选B。
9.The number of the students in our grade________ about________, and three ________ of the students in our school are girls.
A.are; six hundreds; fifths B.is; six hundred; fifths
C.is; six hundred; five D.are; six hundreds; five
【答案】B
【详解】考查数词。 the number of...作主语,表示...的数量,谓语动词用单数;hundred若前面有具体数字,则用单数形式 ,分子大于1,分母加s, 故选B。
10. How to read 6:15? It’s _____.
A a quarter to seven B a quarter past seven C a quarter to six D a quarter past six
【答案】D
【解析】考查时间的表达。所表达的分钟数少于30分钟,可以用“分钟+past+小时”的形式进行表达,如果所表达的分钟数为一刻钟(15分钟),可用名词quarter(一刻钟)进行表达,故选D。
11.Because she is fond of Chinese culture, Jenny will come to China for _____time next month. She came once in October last year.
A.two B.second C.a second D.the third
【答案】C
【解析】考查数词。序数词前面加a,表示“又一,再一”。故选C。
12.If you don’t have a dream, you have been old,even at______.
A. twenty B.twenties C. twentieth D. the twenty
【答案】B
【解析】考查数词。 at twenties意为“二十多岁”,故选B。
13. Today is my father's ___________ birthday. He is ________ now
A.thirty一five;thirty一fifth B.thirty一fifth;thirty一fifth
C.thirty一five;thirty一five D.thirty一fifth;thirty一five
【答案】D
【解析】考查数词。第几个生日用序数词,年龄用基数词。故选D。
14. In the future , it is predicted that sixty________of the housework________done by robots.
A.percent; are B.percent; is C.percents; are D.percents; is
【答案】B
【解析】考查分数。百分数的表达为“基数词+percent”, 百分数作主语,谓语动词的单复数由其后的名词的数决定,本题中homework为不可数名词,因此谓语动词用is。故选B。
15. The newly built teaching building in our university is about ________.
A.120 meters high B.120-meter-high
C.120-meters-high D.120-meter high
【答案】A
【解析】考查分数词。基数词来表达长、宽、高等,使用基数词+单位词(meter, foot, inch, kilogram等)+形容词(long, high, wide等)的结构,故选A。
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