10 被动语态（考点精讲）-【中职适用】2025年职教高考英语一轮复习讲练测（技能考试·湖北专用）

第10讲 被动语态 《湖北省普通高等学校招收中等职业学校毕业生技能高考文化综合考试大纲》 要求考生熟练掌握并能运用下列语法项目。 被动语态：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！学科网（北京）股份有限公司9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 动词的语态 动词的语态有两种：一是主动语态，一是被动语态。动作的发出者是句子的主语，则为主动态；如果动作承受者是句子的主语，则为被动态。 1．被动语态的构成 由“助动词be ＋ 及物动词的过去分词”构成；而时态则由助动词的各种变化来表示，要注意助动词be的时态必须与相应的主动句保持一致。不及物动词没有被动语态。 (1)一般现在时： is/are＋动词的过去分词 (2) 现在进行时： is /are being＋动词的过去分词 (3) 现在完成时： have /has been ＋动词的过去分词 (4) 一般过去时： was /were＋动词的过去分词 (5) 过去进行时： was/were being＋动词的过去分词 (6) 过去完成时： had been＋动词的过去分词 (7) 一般将来时： shall /will be ＋动词的过去分词 (8) 将来完成时： shall /will have been＋动词的过去分词 (9) 情态动词 ：can/should/may/ must＋be＋过去分词 (10)不定式的被动语态 : to be done(一般现在式)/to have been done(完成式) 2．被动语态的用法 (1)在没有指明动作的执行者的情况下。 如：The meeting was held last week.上周召开了会议。 English is taught in all middle schools.所有中学都开设英语课。 (2)要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时。 如：Teapots are used for drinking.茶壶是饮水用的。 Where's cotton produced？棉花产于何地？ (3)用于如下结构： It's not known that… ……不得而知 It's said that… 据说…… It's reported that… 据报道…… It's not decided that… 尚未决定…… It's believed that… 据认为…… It's announced that… 据宣布 3．主动语态变为被动语态的方法 (1)将主动句里的宾语成分变为被动句里的主语成分。把主动句里的宾格人称代词改为主格形式。 (2)把主动结构的谓语动词改为be＋过去分词形式。 (3)将主动句的主语变为介词by的宾语。 如：People use radios for listening to the news.(主动) →Radios are used for listening to the news by people.(被动) I posted a letter last week.(主动) →A letter was posted by me last week.(被动) (注意：在make，let，see，hear，notice，watch，feel等动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但这种句子如果变为被动语态时，则应加上to。) 如：We heard her sing an English song.(主动) →She was heard to sing an English song by us.(被动) (4)谓语动词有两个宾语的，其中一个变为被动句的主语，另一个仍作为宾语，称为保留宾语。 如：I sent him a present.(主动语态) →He was sent a present by me.(被动语态) →A present was sent to him by me.(被动语态) (5)谓语动词后跟复合宾语，只把宾语改为被动句的主语，宾语补足语不变。 如：He left the door open.(主动语态) →The door was left open by him.(被动语态) (6)许多由不及物动词加介词构成的短语动词，相当于一个及物动词，可以有宾语，因而也可以有被动语态。但应注意：短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。 如：We must take good care of our books.(主动语态) →Our books must be taken good care of.(被动语态) 1. (2018·湖北省技能高考) The stone bridge __________ many years ago. A. was built B. built C. is built D. has built 2. (2020·湖北省技能高考) Our classroom __________ by ourselves every day. A. cleans B. is cleaned C. will clean D. has cleaned 3. In our school, bikes ________ in good order every day. A. park B. parked C. are parked D. were parked 4. Tomorrow’s lecture ________ by Joe Smith, a young scientist from America. A. will be given B. was given C. will give D. gave 5. The house ________ to a young couple last week. A. was selling B. is sold C. was sold D. has sold 6. The kids must ________ while we are away. A. take good care B. be taken good care C. take good care of D. be taken good care of 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第10讲 被动语态 《湖北省普通高等学校招收中等职业学校毕业生技能高考文化综合考试大纲》 要求考生熟练掌握并能运用下列语法项目。 被动语态：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！学科网（北京）股份有限公司9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 动词的语态 动词的语态有两种：一是主动语态，一是被动语态。动作的发出者是句子的主语，则为主动态；如果动作承受者是句子的主语，则为被动态。 1．被动语态的构成 由“助动词be ＋ 及物动词的过去分词”构成；而时态则由助动词的各种变化来表示，要注意助动词be的时态必须与相应的主动句保持一致。不及物动词没有被动语态。 (1)一般现在时： is/are＋动词的过去分词 (2) 现在进行时： is /are being＋动词的过去分词 (3) 现在完成时： have /has been ＋动词的过去分词 (4) 一般过去时： was /were＋动词的过去分词 (5) 过去进行时： was/were being＋动词的过去分词 (6) 过去完成时： had been＋动词的过去分词 (7) 一般将来时： shall /will be ＋动词的过去分词 (8) 将来完成时： shall /will have been＋动词的过去分词 (9) 情态动词 ：can/should/may/ must＋be＋过去分词 (10)不定式的被动语态 : to be done(一般现在式)/to have been done(完成式) 2．被动语态的用法 (1)在没有指明动作的执行者的情况下。 如：The meeting was held last week.上周召开了会议。 English is taught in all middle schools.所有中学都开设英语课。 (2)要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时。 如：Teapots are used for drinking.茶壶是饮水用的。 Where's cotton produced？棉花产于何地？ (3)用于如下结构： It's not known that… ……不得而知 It's said that… 据说…… It's reported that… 据报道…… It's not decided that… 尚未决定…… It's believed that… 据认为…… It's announced that… 据宣布 3．主动语态变为被动语态的方法 (1)将主动句里的宾语成分变为被动句里的主语成分。把主动句里的宾格人称代词改为主格形式。 (2)把主动结构的谓语动词改为be＋过去分词形式。 (3)将主动句的主语变为介词by的宾语。 如：People use radios for listening to the news.(主动) →Radios are used for listening to the news by people.(被动) I posted a letter last week.(主动) →A letter was posted by me last week.(被动) (注意：在make，let，see，hear，notice，watch，feel等动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但这种句子如果变为被动语态时，则应加上to。) 如：We heard her sing an English song.(主动) →She was heard to sing an English song by us.(被动) (4)谓语动词有两个宾语的，其中一个变为被动句的主语，另一个仍作为宾语，称为保留宾语。 如：I sent him a present.(主动语态) →He was sent a present by me.(被动语态) →A present was sent to him by me.(被动语态) (5)谓语动词后跟复合宾语，只把宾语改为被动句的主语，宾语补足语不变。 如：He left the door open.(主动语态) →The door was left open by him.(被动语态) (6)许多由不及物动词加介词构成的短语动词，相当于一个及物动词，可以有宾语，因而也可以有被动语态。但应注意：短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。 如：We must take good care of our books.(主动语态) →Our books must be taken good care of.(被动语态) 1. (2018·湖北省技能高考) The stone bridge __________ many years ago. A. was built B. built C. is built D. has built 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据many years ago可知谓语动词用一般过去时，故排除C和D；主语the stone bridge和build之间为被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态was/weredone的结构，故选A。 2. (2020·湖北省技能高考) Our classroom __________ by ourselves every day. A. cleans B. is cleaned C. will clean D. has cleaned 考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据everyday可知谓语动词用一般现在时，故排除C和D；主语our classroom和clean“打扫”之间是被动关系,所以用一般现在时的被动语态am/is/are done的结构，主语为单数，be动词用is，故选B。 3. In our school, bikes ________ in good order every day. A. park B. parked C. are parked D. were parked 考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据every day可知本句为一般现在时态，park和bikes之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态。故选C。 4. Tomorrow’s lecture ________ by Joe Smith, a young scientist from America. A. will be given B. was given C. will give D. gave 考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据tomorrow’s lecture可知题中描述的是将来的事情，要用一般将来时；lecture和give是动宾关系，应该用被动语态，故选A。 5. The house ________ to a young couple last week. A. was selling B. is sold C. was sold D. has sold 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据时间状语last week可知，应该用一般过去时。句意为：“这所房子上周卖给了一对年轻夫妇。”房子作主语，应该用被动语态，故选C。 6. The kids must ________ while we are away. A. take good care B. be taken good care C. take good care of D. be taken good care of 考查固定词组和被动语态。take good care of意为“好好照顾”，根据语境可知孩子们应该被照顾，所以应用被动语态。故选D。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$