必修第一册Unit 5 Languages Around the World（人与社会：世界各地的语言)-【同步拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高一英语单元阅读提升（人教版2019）

必修第一册Unit 5 Languages Around the World（人教版2019） 人与社会：世界各地的语言 单元引言解读 One language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way.—Frank Smith 释义：开篇页的引言出自当代心理语言学家Frank Smith，经典地诠释了掌握多门语言的重要性。引言可译为：一门语言能带你进入人生旅途，两门语言则为你开启人生旅途中的所有大门。 启示：21世纪是需要全球各国深度沟通与合作的时代，随着我国在政治、经济、文化、对外交流等各方面的发展，在创建“人类命运共同体”这一使命的召唤下，国家对精通各种外语的专业人才的需求急剧增长。就学生个人发展而言，学习和掌握至少一门外语能为他们的未来提供更多的可能。年轻人学习外语既是时代的召唤，也是这个时代赋予的使命。 名言名句积累 人与社会：世界各地的语言 1．A different language is a different vision of life.—Federico Fellini 每种不同的语言都是一种不同的生活视角。 ——费德里科·费里尼 2．Learning another language is not only learning different words for the same things, but learning another way to think about things.—Flora Lewis 学习另一种语言不仅是学会用另一种文字去表达一个意思，而是用另一种思维方式去思考事情。——弗洛拉·刘易斯 3．The way to learn a language is to practice speaking it as often as possible. 学习一门语言的方法就是要尽量多地练习说。 4．By learning English we can broaden our horizons and increase our knowledge in various fields. 通过学习英语，我们可以开阔视野，增加各个领域的知识。 5．Learning a foreign language is very necessary in the future.学习一门外语在未来是非常有必要的。 6．You still find it hardest to learn English grammar if you don't change your attitude to it.如果你不改变你对英语语法的态度，你仍然会发现它是最难学的。 7．There is a little difference between Chinese and English grammar, and can you show me how to grasp it? 中文和英文的语法有一点不同，你能教我如何掌握吗？ 8．Culture plays an important role in language learning. 文化在语言学习中担任重要角色。 9．Culture understanding enables us to master the meaning of a foreigner's gesture more accurately. 文化理解使我们能够更准确地掌握外国人手势的意思。 10．If you learn English well, you will seize many job chances in advance.学好英语就提前抓住了很多工作机会。 11．I find that the stronger the motivation is, the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language. 我发现，一个人动机越强，学习外语就越快。 12．It is important to take an English course, as you will be able to learn from the teachers while practicing speaking English with your fellow students. 上英语课很重要，因为你可以在和同学们练习说英语的同时从老师那里学到东西。 时文拓展阅读 Is College Worth It? A new study says that Americans have increasing questions about the value and cost of a college education. Most of the people taking part in the study felt that higher education in the U.S. is headed in the “wrong direction.” Gallup and the Lumina Foundation carried out the study. It found that only 36 percent of adults said they had a “great deal” or “quite a lot” of confidence in higher education. That confidence level has decreased steadily from 57 percent in 2015. That was the first year in which Gallup measured confidence in higher education. FILE - In this May 13, 2018, file photo, new graduates walk at the start of the Rutgers University graduation ceremony in New Jersey. Americans are saying the U.S. higher education system is headed in the “wrong direction.” (AP Photo/Seth Wenig, File) The decline is seen in all subgroups of people including sex, age, and political ties. Among Republican Party members in the study, the number of people with high confidence in higher education has dropped 36 percentage points over the last 10 years. That is far more than for Democratic Party members or independents. Some of the opinions in the study might show concerns about the high cost of college and how race and other subjects are taught. Fifty-nine-year-old Randy Hill is a registered Republican in Connecticut and a driver for a car service. He told the Associated Press, “It's so expensive, and I don't think colleges are teaching people what they need to get a job.” Hill said his nephew plans to do a welding apprenticeship after high school instead of going to college. The June 2024 study found that 36 percent of adults feel strong confidence in higher education. That percentage is unchanged from the year before. But the researchers said they were concerned that fewer Americans were saying that they had “some” confidence, and more were reporting “very little” or “none.” This year's findings show almost as many people have little or no confidence, 32 percent, as those with high confidence. Experts say that fewer college graduates could worsen labor shortages in fields from health care to information technology. For those who do not go to college, it often means lower lifetime earnings. Georgetown University's Center on Education and the Workforce said lifetime earnings for those without a bachelor's degree could be 75 percent less than for those with a degree. The center also said that during an economic downturn, those without college degrees are more likely to lose their jobs. Courtney Brown is a vice president at Lumina, an education nonprofit group. It aims to increase the number of students who seek education beyond high school. She said, “What's shocking to me is that the people who have low or no confidence is actually increasing.” This year's study added new, detailed questions in an effort to understand why confidence is shrinking. Almost one-third of people in the study said college is “too expensive.” About 25 percent thought students are not getting the right education or taught what they need to succeed. The study did not ask about the protests against the war in Gaza this year that divided many college communities. But people who took part said they had concerns about indoctrination, political bias, and that colleges are too liberal. Among those who said they lack confidence in college, 41 percent said political activity was a reason. Other findings Sixty-seven percent of adults in the study said colleges are headed in the “wrong direction.” That is more than two times higher than the 31 percent who think that colleges are going in the right direction. Gallup noted that when people express confidence in higher education, they are thinking of four-year colleges. But the study found that more people have confidence in two-year community colleges. Forty-nine percent of adults said they have “a great deal” or “quite a lot” of confidence in two-year programs, compared with 33 percent of Americans who feel that way about four-year colleges. California college student Kristen Freeman said she understands why. “It's about saving money. That's why I went to a two-year. It's more bang for your buck,” said Freeman who is a 22-year-old sociology major at Diablo Valley Community College. She plans to go to San Jose State University for the final two years of college. Freeman said she understands the concerns about indoctrination and whether college prepares students for life and work. But she feels the only way to change structural problems is from the inside. “I am learning about the world around me and developing useful skills in critical thinking,” Freeman said. “I think higher education can give students the spark to want to change the system.” 【译文欣赏】 上大学值得吗？ 一项新的研究表明，美国人对大学教育的价值和成本越来越有疑问。参与这项研究的大多数人认为，美国的高等教育正朝着“错误的方向”发展。 盖洛普和Lumina基金会进行了这项研究。调查发现，只有36%的成年人表示他们对高等教育“非常”或“相当”有信心。 这一信心水平从2015年的57%稳步下降。这是盖洛普首次测量人们对高等教育的信心。 文件在2018年5月13日的文件照片中，新毕业生在新泽西州罗格斯大学毕业典礼开始时行走。美国人说美国高等教育体系正朝着“错误的方向”前进，包括性别、年龄和政治关系在内的所有人群都出现了下降。在参与这项研究的共和党成员中，对高等教育充满信心的人数在过去10年中下降了36个百分点。这远远超过了民主党成员或独立人士。 研究中的一些观点可能会对大学的高昂成本以及种族和其他科目的教学方式表示担忧。 59岁的Randy Hill是康涅狄格州的一名注册共和党人，也是一名汽车服务司机。他告诉美联社，“这太贵了，我不认为大学在教人们找工作需要什么。”希尔说，他的侄子计划高中毕业后做焊接学徒，而不是上大学。 2024年6月的研究发现，36%的成年人对高等教育充满信心。这一比例与前一年没有变化。 但研究人员表示，他们担心说自己有“一些”信心的美国人越来越少，而报告“很少”或“没有”信心的人越来越多。今年的调查结果显示，几乎有32%的人没有信心，与那些信心很高的人一样。 专家表示，大学毕业生的减少可能会加剧从医疗保健到信息技术等领域的劳动力短缺。对于那些没有上大学的人来说，这通常意味着终身收入较低。 乔治城大学教育和劳动力中心表示，没有学士学位的人的终身收入可能比有学位的人低75%。该中心还表示，在经济衰退期间，没有大学学位的人更有可能失业。 Courtney Brown是非营利教育组织Lumina的副总裁。它旨在增加寻求高中以上教育的学生人数。她说：“令我震惊的是，那些信心低或没有信心的人实际上正在增加。” 今年的研究增加了新的详细问题，以了解为什么信心正在萎缩。 在这项研究中，近三分之一的人表示大学“太贵了”。约25%的人认为学生没有得到正确的教育，也没有学到成功所需的东西。 这项研究没有询问今年加沙战争的抗议活动，这些抗议活动分裂了许多大学社区。但参与其中的人表示，他们担心灌输思想、政治偏见，以及大学过于自由。在那些表示对大学缺乏信心的人中，41%的人表示政治活动是一个原因。 其他调查结果 在这项研究中，67%的成年人表示大学正朝着“错误的方向”前进。这比31%的人认为大学朝着正确的方向前进高出两倍多。 盖洛普指出，当人们表达对高等教育的信心时，他们想到的是四年制大学。但研究发现，更多的人对两年制社区学院有信心。 49%的成年人表示，他们对两年制大学“非常”或“相当”有信心，而33%的美国人对四年制大学有这种感觉。 加州大学生克里斯汀·弗里曼表示，她理解其中的原因。22岁的弗里曼是暗黑破坏神谷社区学院社会学专业的学生，他说：“这是为了省钱。这就是为什么我选择了两年制。这更划算。”。她计划在大学的最后两年去圣何塞州立大学。 弗里曼说，她理解人们对灌输的担忧，以及大学是否为学生的生活和工作做好准备。但她觉得改变结构性问题的唯一方法是从内部入手。 弗里曼说：“我正在了解周围的世界，并培养批判性思维的有用技能。”。“我认为高等教育可以激发学生改变制度的欲望。” 【词汇积累】 ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 confidence –n. a belief that something is good or worthwhile 信心 decline –n. the process of becoming smaller, less effective or worse 下降，减少 expensive –adj. Costly 昂贵的 apprenticeship –n. a position where a person is taught a trade and serves as an assistant to an established tradesman 学徒期，学徒身份 bachelor's degree –n. a degree given by a college or university for completing a course of study that usually takes four years 学士学位 indoctrination –n. a process that conditions people to believe certain ideas 教化 bias –n. the condition of being influence more by one set of ideas than another偏见 more bang for your buck –idiom doing something that gives the greatest effect at the lowest cost更物有所值 spark –n. a small amount of fire or electricity that can start a fire 火花，火星 【知识拓展】 是否上大学值得还取决于个人的具体情况和职业规划。如果对某个领域有浓厚的兴趣，并且愿意在这个领域进行深入学习和研究，那么上大学是值得的。如果对自己的未来职业规划比较迷茫，或者并不需要大学学历来敲开某个岗位的大门，那么可以选择其他适合自己的发展道路。‌ 【词汇延伸】 confidence level 置信水平；可信度 at the start 开始 ; 起初 ; 当初 graduation ceremony 毕业典礼 综合实战演练 （一） （2024·全国新高考Ⅰ卷C篇）Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 1．What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Seem unlikely to last. B．Seem hard to explain. C．Become ready to use. D．Become easy to notice. 2．What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A．Readers treat digital texts lightly. B．Digital texts are simpler to understand. C．People select digital texts randomly. D．Digital texts are suitable for social media. 3．Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A．They can hold students' attention. B．They are more convenient to prepare. C．They help develop advanced skills. D．They are more informative than text. 4．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B．Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C．Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D．Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. 【答案速查】1．D 2．A 3．A 4．C 【语篇导读】本文是议论文。主要讨论了纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果。 1．词句猜测题。根据前文“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.(当阅读几百字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现)”可知，在纸上学习更有成效，以及后文“when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.(当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章的主旨)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时)”推知，此处应是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意，所以shine through应是“显而易见”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.(但同样重要的是精神层面。阅读研究人员提出了一个名为“shallowing hypothesis”的理论。根据这一理论，人们以适合社交媒体的心态接触数字文本，这些文本通常不那么严肃，与阅读印刷品时相比，投入的精神努力也更少)”可知，shallowing hypothesis假设读者在阅读数字文本时会持有一种轻松的心态，不会像阅读纸质书籍那样投入太多的心理努力。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.(音频和视频可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术，例如分配在线讲座而不是同一作者的文章)”可知，音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的注意力，所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.(数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷品中无法获得的资源时。然而，为了在需要精神集中和反思的情况下最大限度地学习，教育工作者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词)”可知，尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用，但当需要精神集中和反思以最大化学习时，教育者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词。这表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代，因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选C项。 ( 高考英语 词义猜测题 解题技巧 考点： ①猜测某个词、词组、句子的意义 ②对文中的多义词或词组进行定义 ③判断某个代词的指代的对象。 常见命题形式有： The underlined word/phrase in the second paragraph means _____.The word “it/they” in the last sentence refers to______.The word “…”（Line 6. para.2）probably means ______.The word “…”（Line 6. para.2）could best be replaced by which of the following?Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “…” ? 解答技巧 1.通过因果关系猜词通过因果关系猜词 首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因后果。例如：You shouldn't have blamed him for that，for it wasn't his fault. 通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可猜出blame的词义是"责备"。 通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词 在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它的大致词义。对比是描述，说明事物的常用方式。在对比中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根据反义或对比关系可从已知推出未知。利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词hot and cold，perfect and imperfect，甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。 3.通过构词法猜词 阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。如：unforeseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un，fore，see，able;其中see是词根，fore是“先，前，预”的含义，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。 4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义 有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语(从句)、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。 例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time. Then there is a dry period，or drought.从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought，由此可见drought意思为"久旱"，"旱灾"。而a dry period和drought是同义语。这种同义或释义关系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折号等来表示。 ) ( 通过句法功能来推测词义 例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同类关系，同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。 为了说明或证实，文章中经常会举例，往往用来列举说明前面较难理解的词，这些例子可帮助我们猜测生词。举例时，常常会用一些连接性的词，如such as，like，for example，for instance等。 6.通过描述猜词 描述即作者对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。 有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语(从句)、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。 7 .利用上下文语境猜词 任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。高考题当中。熟词生义比生词本身的障碍要大得多。原因有三：其一，高考对生词的数量有数量的规定，不得超过3%;其二，熟词生义很容易引起考生的误解;其三，熟词生义的数量没有限制。如果这种现象在一篇文章中出现得多，那就更难理解了。 8. 根据常识猜词 如：The door was so low that he hit his head on the lintel.（lintel “过梁”。）Afraid of waking the baby up, she tiptoed out of the room.（tiptoed “踮着脚走，蹑手蹑脚”） 如：Young Hoover died. Over a thousand people attended his funeral. （通过“年轻的Hoover去世了”，根据我们的常识猜测出一千多人参加的应该是他的“葬礼”。） 别提醒： 在做英语阅读理解题时，一定要注意熟词生义 !这类猜词题也常见于各年 ) ( The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks – like identifying the main idea in a reading passage – to ones that require mental abstraction – such as drawing inferences from a text. 本 句中 when 引导时间状语从句，从句谓语为 move，like identifying the main idea in a reading passage 和 such as drawing inferences from a text 分别补充说明 simple tasks 和 ones that require mental abstraction。 翻译 ：当实验人员从提出简单的任务，如找到阅读文章的主旨，转向需要抽象思维的任务， 如从文本中推断出结论时，纸质阅读的好处尤为明显。 According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a m indset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. suited to social media 作后置定语修饰 mindset，which 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 social media，and 连接主句并列的谓语 approach 和 devote。 翻译 ：根据这一理论，人们对待数字文本的态度与对待社交媒体的态度相当，社交媒体通常不那么严肃，相比纸质阅读，人们投入的脑力要少。 ) ( comprehension n 理解（力）； onscreen adv 在屏幕上； cover v [ 熟词 新 义 ] 涉及，处理； concentration n 专心，专注； entertainment n 消遣，娱乐； multitask v 同时执行多项任务； consume v 消费，消耗； confirm v 证实； pose v [ 熟词 新 义 ] 提出； identify v 识别，找到； abstraction n 抽象； property n [ 熟词 新 义 ] 性质，特性； literal adj 确确实实的，真实的； geography n [ 熟词生义 ] 布局； distinct adj 不同的； propose v 提出； shallow v 变浅； approach v 处理，对待； engaging adj 有吸引的，有趣的； say v [ 熟词 新 义 ] 比方说； demonstrate v 证明； identical adj 完全相同的； piece n [ 熟词 新 义 ] 文章，报道； available adj 可获得的； maximize v 使增加到最大限度，使最大化； reflection n 反思，深思； assume v 认为，假定，假设； informative adj 提供有用信息的 multiple adj 多种的； randomly adv 随机地； a tendency to do sth 做某事的倾向 ； draw inferences from 从 ...... 中推断出结论； shine through 表 现 明 显 ； physical properties 物理特性； in print 已刊印，已出版； call for 需要； treat sth lightly 对待某事持轻 松的态度； develop advanced skills 培养高级技能 ) （二） （2023高一下·吉林·学业考试）We can learn how to use English words in reading, writing and speaking with the help of this dictionary. It not only gives the meaning of words, but also helps you with spelling, word-building, grammar and pronunciation. To use your dictionary correctly, you need to understand how the dictionary works. At the front of the book, you will find some exercises to help you make the most use of your dictionary. If you look up the word “color”, you will find two spellings for this word. “Colour” is used in British English, while “color” is used in American English. When there are differences, “BrE” is for British English and “AmE” for American English. The dictionary also helps you pronounce words correctly. We use a special alphabet (特殊字母表) to show pronunciation. You will find all the phonetic letters (音标) inside, with some words to show you how they are pronounced. Just look at the inside back cover when you’re not sure how to say a word. 5．This dictionary cannot help you with _________. A．grammar B．singing C．spelling D．pronunciation 6．_________ of the words in the dictionary have two spellings. A．Some B．Each C．Few D．All 7．The phonetic letters help you _________ each word correctly. A．understand B．write C．know D．say 【答案】5．B 6．A 7．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍如何使用一种字典。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段“It not only gives the meaning of words, but also helps you with spelling, word-building, grammar and pronunciation.(它不仅能给出单词的意思，还能帮助你拼写、造词、语法和发音)”可知，这本字典对你唱歌没有帮助，故选B。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段“When there are differences, “BrE” is for British English and “AmE” for American English.(当存在差异时，“BrE”代表英式英语，“AmE”代表美式英语)”可知，有些词有两种拼法。故选A。 7．细节理解题。根据第四段“The dictionary also helps you pronounce words correctly. We use a special alphabet (特殊字母表) to show pronunciation. You will find all the phonetic letters (音标) inside, with some words to show you how they are pronounced.(字典还能帮助你正确发音。我们用一种特殊的字母表来表示发音。你会在里面找到所有的音标字母，还有一些单词来告诉你它们是如何发音的)”可知，音标可以帮助你正确地说每个单词。故选D。 （三） （23-24高一下·新疆伊犁·阶段练习）“Learning about one’s own culture, as well as the culture of others, is important,” says Sanam Akhlagh, who set up Pardis for Children. Located in New York City, the nonprofit brings Iranian-American families together and offers after-school programs for children to learn about their heritage. Classes explore Iranian music, art, and history, among other topics. Akhlagh has always been interested in education, kids, and culture, But she felt a void (空虚) before setting up Pardis in 2011. She hadn’t been able to get together with friends who share her Iranian heritage periodically. She also thought her children needed that community. “I want kids to know their culture and language,” Akhlagh said, “So if they’re Iranian, they actually know what that means.” But she also wants them to create a bond. “I want them to build a community that they’ll hopefully keep, and stay fiends together for years to come,” she said, “want them to have a beautiful, positive memory (回忆) related to Iranian culture and the Persian language.” Learning about your own culture and language, and understanding other cultures from around the world, Akhlagh explained, makes you a richer and more tolerant (宽容的) person. It also makes you appreciate other people’s way of life. “The exchange of cultures is of great importance,” Akhlagh said. “It is much harder to call people of certain countries or cultures your enemy when you actually know them. When you eat their food, or when you dance to their music together, when you read their literature, it becomes more real, and you start appreciating everyone.” When asked her advice for young people, Akhlagh encouraged exploration and discovery. “If you have the opportunity, always be curious to make friends,” she said. “Get to know people from different cultures and be curious. Always try to know more and travel.” 8．What is the purpose of Pardis for Children? A．To enrich children’s social life. B．To improve children’s artistic abilities. C．To educate children on Iranian culture. D．To develop children’s love for their country. 9．What does the underlined word “bond” mean in paragraph 4? A．Custom. B．Program. C．Relationship. D．Schedule. 10．What does Akhlagh think of the exchange of cultures? A．It is a way of life. B．It can promote peace. C．It is a chance to grow D．It increases your wealth. 11．What is Akhlagh’s advice for young people? A．Caring more about their friends. B．Being open to different cultures. C．Taking every opportunity to study. D．Feeling confident about making friends. 【答案】8．C 9．C 10．B 11．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了Sanam Akhlagh创立儿童乐园来让孩子们了解伊朗文化。 8．细节理解题。根据第三段““I want kids to know their culture and language,” Akhlagh said, “So if they’re Iranian, they actually know what that means.”(“我想让孩子们了解他们的文化和语言，”阿赫拉格说，“这样，如果他们是伊朗人，他们就会知道这意味着什么。”)”可知，儿童乐园的目的是对孩子们进行伊朗文化教育。故选C。 9．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文““I want them to build a community that they’ll hopefully keep, and stay fiends together for years to come,” she said, “want them to have a beautiful, positive memory (回忆) related to Iranian culture and the Persian language.”(她说：“我希望他们能建立一个社区，希望他们能在未来的岁月里保持朋友的关系，希望他们能拥有一段与伊朗文化和波斯语有关的美好、积极的记忆。”)”可知，她希望孩子们之间可以创建关系。故划线词意思是“关系”。故选C。 10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“It is much harder to call people of certain countries or cultures your enemy when you actually know them.(当你真正了解某些国家或文化的人时，把他们称为敌人要困难得多)”可知，Akhlagh认为文化交流能促进和平。故选B。 11．细节理解题。根据最后一段“When asked her advice for young people, Akhlagh encouraged exploration and discovery. “If you have the opportunity, always be curious to make friends,” she said. “Get to know people from different cultures and be curious. Always try to know more and travel.”(当被问及她对年轻人的建议时，Akhlagh鼓励探索和发现。她说：“如果你有机会，永远保持求知欲，去交朋友。了解来自不同文化背景的人，保持好奇心。永远试着去了解更多，去旅行。”)”可知，Akhlagh对年轻人的建议是对不同文化持开放态度。故选B。 （四） （23-24高一下·河北沧州·期末）When Montgomery was at college, he decided to study the Chinese language. “My friends laughed at my decision. Just like most Americans, they didn’t know much about China then. Who knew what China would become in the 21st century?”he says. To find a China-related job after graduating from university, he became a businessman related to US-China trade. Traveling and meeting people in different parts of China, he found that the more he learned about China, the more he was attracted by its history and culture. When he found that there was no English podcast (播客) about Chinese history in 2010,he decided to launch one himself. He worked from home using very simple recording and editing facilities. Each of the half-hour episodes (集) took him 18 to 20 hours to research, write, record and edit. “China has a great history. I try to get more Americans to appreciate it,” says Montgomery. “There are many topics to talk about. I use my common sense to feel what will be interesting to most people.” His China History Podcast is now downloaded 1.5 million times a year, with audience from the United States, China and other countries. “I downloaded a few episodes and discovered that they were perfect for those days when I drove a long distance. It turned the boring hours into enjoyable learning experiences,” says Seligman, 62, an author who spent eight years in China. “Montgomery brings Chinese history and culture to life in a completely new way. As you listen, you often get the impression that he was a witness (见证者) to the events he described,” says Seligman. Many overseas Chinese are grateful to Montgomery for reconnecting them with their ancestral roots. And to his surprise, local Chinese are also welcoming the show as a great resource for learning English. “After more than 25 years doing sales and marketing of ‘made in China’ products, I’ve now become a sort of a salesman of Chinese history,” says Montgomery. 12．What was Montgomery’s friends’ attitude towards his decision? A．Unconcerned. B．Curious. C．Unsupportive. D．Favorable. 13．How did Montgomery choose topics? A．By referring to similar works online. B．On the basis of his own understanding. C．Through recommendations from Chinese. D．By using the knowledge learnt in college. 14．Which of the following can be used to describe Montgomery? A．Honest and generous. B．Focused and creative. C．Intelligent and humorous. D．Strict and knowledgeable. 15．What is the suitable title for the text? A．“Selling” Chinese History to the World B．Bringing Chinese Together Through Podcast C．Exploring a New Resource for Language Learning D．“Creating” History—Popularizing “Made in China” Products 【答案】12．C 13．B 14．B 15．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了Montgomery制作英语播客介绍中国文化的事迹。 12．推理判断题。由文章第一段Montgomery所说的“My friends laughed at my decision. Just like most Americans, they didn’t know much about China then. Who knew what China would become in the 21st century?(我朋友嘲笑我的决定。和多数美国人一样，他们当时对中国知之甚少)”可知，对于Montgomery打算学习中文的决定，他的朋友是不支持的。故选C项。 13．细节理解题。根据第四段Montgomery所说的“There are many topics to talk about. I use my common sense to feel what will be interesting to most people.(有很多话题可以谈。我按自己的常识来感知多数人会对什么话题感兴趣)”可知，Montgomery是以他自己的认识理解来选择话题的。故选B项。 14．推理判断题。根据第三段“When he found that there was no English podcast (播客) about Chinese history in 2010,he decided to launch one himself. He worked from home using very simple recording and editing facilities. Each of the half-hour episodes (集) took him 18 to 20 hours to research, write, record and edit.(2010年时发现我们没有关于中国历史的英语播客，他便决定自己制作一个。他在家工作，使用非常简单的录音和编辑设备。每集半小时需要18至20小时的研究、写作、录音和编辑工作)”可知，Montgomery在设备简陋的条件下开创了一个介绍中国历史的英语播客，且精心制作每一集内容，所以他是有创造力的，也是专注的。故选B项。 15．主旨大意题。根据最后一段Montgomery所言“After more than 25 years doing sales and marketing of ‘made in China’ products, I’ve now become a sort of a salesman of Chinese history(销售和营销“中国制造”的产品25年，我现在已经是一位中国历史的销售员)”可知，他通过制作英语播客介绍中国历史，把中国历史“销售”到世界各地，符合本文大意。故选A项。 （五） （23-24高一下·江西新余·期末）Want to find out how you can learn a new language as fast as possible? If you commit to your new language, work hard, and have an open mind about making mistakes, you can go from basic conversational skills to fluency without the need for expensive classes and years of dedicated study. 16 Watch shows or movies. 17 Possibly the easiest thing you can do is watch television shows or movies in the language you are trying to learn. To make things easier, try to watch shows or movies whose plots you are already familiar with — like kids’ cartoons or dubbed versions of English movie. Knowing the plots will help you to identify the meanings of words and phrases. 18 Study smarter, not harder. Mastering everyday conversation will let you hit the ground running. It’s more important to master basic phrases you’ll use frequently than it is to start off by learning the alphabet or the perfect sentence structure. For example, you can learn phrases like: Hello, Goodbye, How are you?, I’m doing well, What is your name?, My name is…, and so on. Don’t worry about perfect grammar. 19 The reason why most people can’t remember most of the language they spent years learning in school is that school curricula tend to focus a huge amount of time on learning grammar and very little time on speech. 20 The specifics of grammar will come later. A．Learn how to greet. B．Learn basic phrases. C．We’ll let you in on the easiest language-learning secrets. D．Focus on conveying a message and being understandable. E．Language learners are afraid of being laughed at by listeners. F．If you want to learn a language quickly, you should learn how to talk first. G．Immersion can help you quickly improve your listening and speaking skills. 【答案】16．C 17．G 18．B 19．D 20．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何快速学习一门新语言。关键在于投入时间和精力，保持开放的心态，不怕犯错误。 16．根据前文“ If you commit to your new language, work hard, and have an open mind about making mistakes, you can go from basic conversational skills to fluency without the need for expensive classes and years of dedicated study. (如果你致力于你的新语言，努力学习，并对犯错误持开放的态度，你可以从基本的会话技能到流利，而不需要昂贵的课程和多年的专门学习)”可知，如果准备学门新的语言，努力学、不怕犯错误就会掌握基本技能，变得熟练，而且不用花钱上课。因此后文应该介绍具体学习语言的策略和方法。C选项“We’ll let you in on the easiest language-learning secrets.(我们将告诉你最简单的语言学习秘诀)”承上启下，引出下文学习语言的建议和秘诀。故选C。 17．根据本段小标题“Watch shows or movies.(看节目或电影)”以及后文“Possibly the easiest thing you can do is watch television shows or movies in the language you are trying to learn. (也许你能做的最简单的事情就是看你正在学习的语言的电视节目或电影)”可知，此处强调通过看节目或者看电影的方式来学习语言。G选项“Immersion can help you quickly improve your listening and speaking skills.(沉浸式学习可以帮助你快速提高听说能力)”中的“沉浸式学习”方式与标题中的“看节目或者看电影”形成呼应即沉浸式学习指的事观看电视节目或者电影，这是最简单的学习语言的方式，该选项符合语境。故选G。 18．该空为小标题即本段的段旨。根据后文“ It’s more important to master basic phrases you’ll use frequently than it is to start off by learning the alphabet or the perfect sentence structure. (掌握你经常使用的基本短语比从学习字母表或完美的句子结构开始更重要)”可知，本段强调的是学习语言过程中学习基本短语的重要性。B选项“Learn basic phrases.(学习基本短语)”概括本段段旨，符合语境。故选B。 19．根据后文“The reason why most people can’t remember most of the language they spent years learning in school is that school curricula tend to focus a huge amount of time on learning grammar and very little time on speech. (大多数人之所以记不住在学校里花了几年时间学习的大部分语言，是因为学校课程往往把大量的时间放在学习语法上，而很少花时间在学习口语上)”可知，学校课程过多关注语法、不怎么关注说话表达，造成很多人记不起学过的语言。所以前文应该强调的是不要过多关注于大量的语法上，在语言学习过程中应该专注于传达让人理解的信息。D选项“Focus on conveying a message and being understandable.(专注于传达信息和让人理解)”与下文呼应，符合语境。故选D。 20．根据后文“The specifics of grammar will come later.(语法的细节稍后再讲)”可知，此处强调要之后注意语法的细节。设空处应该指出在学习语言过程中，应该先注意什么。F选项“If you want to learn a language quickly, you should learn how to talk first.(如果你想快速学会一门语言，你应该先学会如何说话)”指出，应该先学会如何表达，如何说话，与下文形成对应，符合语境。故选F。 （六） 完形填空 （23-24高一下·湖南邵阳·期末）Born in America, I spoke English, not Chinese, the language of my ancestors (祖先). When I was three, my parents flashed cards with Chinese 21 at my face, but I pushed them 22 . My mom believed I would learn when I was ready. But the 23 never came. On a Chinese New Year’s Eve, my uncle spoke to me in Chinese, but all I could do was 24 at him, confused. “Still can’t speak Chinese?” He 25 me, “You can’t even buy a fish in Chinatown (唐人街).” “Hey, this is America, not China. I’ll get some 26 with or without Chinese.” I replied and turned to my mom for 27 . “Remember to ask for fresh fish, Xin XianYu,”she said, handing over a $20 bill. I 28 the words, running downstairs into the streets of Chinatown. I found the fish stand (摊位) surrounded in a sea of customers. “I’d like to buy some fresh fish,” I shouted to the fisherman. But he ignored (不理睬) my English words and turned to serve the next customer. The laugh of the people behind increased 29 their impatience (不耐烦). With every second, the breath of the dragons on my back grew stronger— 30 me to cry out, “Xian Sheng Yu, please.” “Very Xian Sheng,” I repeated. The crowd burst into laughter. My face turned 31 and I ran back home, 32 , except for the $20 bill I held tightly in my hand. Should I laugh or cry? They’re Chinese. I’m Chinese. I should feel right at home (自在). Instead, I was the joke, a disgrace (丢脸) to the language. Sometimes, I laugh at my fish 33 , but, in the end, the joke is on 34 . Every laugh is a culture 35 ; every laugh is my heritage (传统) fading away. 21．A．custom B．games C．characters D．paintings 22．A．ahead B．around C．along D．aside 23．A．success B．study C．time D．attempt 24．A．aim B．joke C．nod D．stare 25．A．cared about B．laughed at C．argued with D．asked after 26．A．right now B．from now C．at times D．in time 27．A．decision B．permission C．information D．preparation 28．A．repeated B．reviewed C．spelled D．kept 29．A．by B．near C．with D．from 30．A．forcing B．allowing C．finding D．leading 31．A．bright B．blank C．pale D．red 32．A．open-mouthed B．tongue-tied C．empty-handed D．broken-hearted 33．A．trade B．confidence C．challenge D．experience 34．A．it B．us C．me D．them 35．A．treasured B．lost C．valued D．reflected 【答案】 21．C 22．D 23．C 24．D 25．B 26．A 27．B 28．A 29．C 30．A 31．D 32．C 33．D 34．C 35．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。身为中国人，“我”出生在美国，熟悉英语却不懂汉语，导致了“我”去唐人街买鱼因语言不通而被嘲笑，这件事让“我”明白了一个道理：“笑话”反映的是一种文化的缺失，我们不应该让文化丢失。 21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我三岁的时候，我的父母在我面前闪着写有汉字的卡片，但我把它们推到一边。A. custom习俗；B. games游戏；C. characters汉字；D. paintings绘画。根据语境和前文“Born in America, I spoke English, not Chinese, the language of my ancestors(祖先)”可知，作者不会说汉语，父母给作者展示的是汉字卡片。故选C项。 22．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我三岁的时候，我的父母在我面前闪着写有汉字的卡片，但我把它们推到一边。A. ahead朝前面；B. around周围；C. along沿着；D. aside在一边。根据语境和前文“When I was three, my parents flashed cards with Chinese ___1___ at my face,but I pushed them”可知，作者没有看父母给作者展示的那些卡片，而是将其放在一边了。故选D项。 23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我学习汉字的时间从来没有过。A. success成功；B. study学习；C. time时间；D. attempt尝试。根据语境和前文“But the”以及后文“never came”可知，此处是指但我学习汉字的时间从来没有过。故选C项。 24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在中国的除夕，我叔叔用汉语和我说话，我感动困惑，但我所能做的就是盯着他看。A. aim旨在；B. joke开玩笑；C. nod点头；D. stare盯着看。根据语境和前文“On a Chinese New Year’s Eve, my uncle spoke to me in Chinese, but all I could do was”以及后文“confused”可知，当作者的叔叔用汉语和作者说话时，听不明白，感到困惑，能做的就是只能盯着他看。故选D项。 25．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他嘲笑着说：“在唐人街你连鱼都买不到。”A. cared about关心；B. laughed at嘲笑；C. argued with与……争论；D. asked after询问。根据语境和后文“You can’t even buy a fish in Chinatown(唐人街).”可知，在唐人街你连鱼都买不到，由此一直，作者的叔叔在嘲笑作者。故选B项。 26．考查副词短语词义辨析。句意：不管会不会汉语，我现在就去买。A. right now立即，现在；B. from now从现在起；C. at times偶尔；D. in time及时。根据语境和前文“I’ll get some”可知，作者为了证明给叔叔看，现在就能去唐人街买到鱼。故选A项。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我回答了，然后转向妈妈请求允许。A. decision决定；B. permission允许；C. information信息；D. preparation准备。根据语境和后文“‘Remember to ask for fresh fish, Xin XianYu,’ she said, handing over a $20 bill.”可知，妈妈叮嘱作者买新鲜的鱼并给作者钱，由此推知，作者希望征得妈妈的允许。故选B项。 28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我重复着这句话，跑下楼来到唐人街的街道上。A. repeated重复；B. reviewed复习；C. spelled拼写；D. kept保持。根据语境和前文“Remember to ask for fresh fish, Xin XianYu”可知，妈妈叮嘱作者买新鲜鱼，以及作者不会汉语，由此推知，作者重复着妈妈说的话。故选A项。 29．考查介词词义辨析。句意：后面的人的笑声随着他们的不耐烦而增加。A. by通过；B. near在……附近；C. with因为，带着；D. from从。根据语境和前文“The laugh of the people behind increased”以及后文“their impatience”可知，我身后的人因为失去耐心而开始笑起来。故选C项。 30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每过一秒，我就更生气了——迫使我大声叫道：“Xian Sheng Yu，求你了。”A. forcing强迫，迫使；B. allowing允许；C. finding 发现；D. leading带领。根据语境和前文“With every second, the breath of the dragons on my back grew stronger”以及后文“me to cry out, ‘Xian Sheng Yu, please.’”可知，此处是指每过一秒，作者就越生气——这迫使作者大声叫道。故选A项。 31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的脸变红了，我跑回了家，除了紧紧攥在手里的那张20美元的钞票外，两手空空。A. bright明亮的；B. blank空白的；C. pale苍白的；D. red红的。根据语境和前文“The crowd burst into laughter.”可知，人群爆发出笑声，由此推知，作者因为周围人的嘲笑而羞愧地脸红了。故选D项。 32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的脸变红了，我跑回了家，除了紧紧攥在手里的那张20美元的钞票外，两手空空。A. open-mouthed目瞪口呆的；B. tongue-tied张口结舌的；C. empty-handed空手，一无所获；D. broken-hearted心碎的。根据语境和后文“except for the $20 bill I held tightly in my hand”可知，除了那张20美元的钞票外，作者两手空空地跑回了家。故选C项。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时，我笑话我的买鱼经历，但最终，笑话是在我身上。A. trade贸易；B. confidence自信；C. challenge挑战；D. experience经历。根据语境和前文“The laugh of the people behind increased 　　9　　 their impatience(不耐烦). With every second, the breath of the dragons on my back grew stronger—　　10　　 me to cry out, ‘Xian Sheng Yu, please.’ ‘Very Xian Sheng,’ I repeated. The crowd burst into laughter.”可知，作者有时笑话自己这次买鱼的经历。故选D项。 34．考查代词词义辨析。句意：有时，我嘲笑我的鱼经历，但最终，我自己是个笑话。A. it它；B. us我们；C. me我；D. them他们；根据语境和前文“Instead, I was the joke, a disgrace (丢脸) to the language.”可知，相反，作者成了笑话，成了语言的耻辱，由此推知，作者成了笑话。故选C项。 35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每一声嘲笑都是一种文化的丢失；每一声嘲笑都是我逐渐消失的传统。A. treasured珍藏；B. lost丢失，失去；C. valued重视；D. reflected反射；根据语境和前文“Should I laugh or cry? They’re Chinese. I’m Chinese. I should feel right at home (自在). Instead, I was the joke, a disgrace (丢脸) to the language.”以及后文“every laugh is my heritage(传统) fading away”可知，作者是中国人，但却不会说汉语，此处是指在作者身上体现的是文化的丢失，每一声嘲笑都是一种文化的丢失。故选B项。 （七） 语法填空 （23-24高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Although you may never have heard the name Lin Shu, it should 36 (include) in every book on literary history. In the late 19th century, he wrote 37 first literary translations and greatly contributed to making foreign 38 (author) and their works easy to understand for Chinese readers. Although Lin did not speak nor read any language other than his own, an assistant translator 39 knew the source language would first read the texts to him, orally(口头地) 40 (translate) the written foreign words into Mandarin(普通话). Lin would then rewrite the tale in classic Mandarin. With the help of 19 assistants, Lin translated, or more 41 (accurate), rewrote close to 200 classics of western literature. Some of his adaptation s even became bestsellers in early 20th-century China. More 42 (appeal) and mysterious still, 50 or so of his unpublished translations are said 43 (come) from texts whose authors and source languages remain a mystery to this day. Lin’s translations were much forgotten until the essay “Lin Shu’s Translations” by Qian Zhongshu 44 (appear) in 1963. In his essay. Qian Zhongshu stated that Lin Shu served well as a bridge between Western literature and Chinese readers, as he himself was encouraged 45 Lin’s translations to learn foreign languages. 【答案】 36．be included 37．the 38．authors 39．that/who 40．translating 41．accurately 42．appealing 43．to come 44．appeared 45．by 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了林纾虽不通外语，但通过助手合作，翻译了近200部西方文学作品，对中国读者理解外国文学做出巨大贡献，成为中外文学交流的桥梁。 36．考查被动语态。句意：虽然你可能从未听说过林纾这个名字，但它应该被包括在每一本文学史书籍中。根据主语it及空后in every book on literary history可知，it与include之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，空前情态动词should后面应用动词原形，故填be included。 37．考查冠词。句意：19世纪末，他撰写了第一批文学译本，并为使外国作家及其作品易于中国读者理解做出了巨大贡献。空处位于序数词first之前, 应用定冠词，表示“第一”，故填the。 38．考查名词。句意：19世纪末，他撰写了第一批文学译本，并为使外国作家及其作品易于中国读者理解做出了巨大贡献。author“作家”是可数名词，空前无冠词，外国作家不止一个，应用其复数形式，故填authors。 39．考查定语从句。句意：句意：尽管林纾除了自己的语言外不会说也不会读任何其他语言，但有一位懂得源语言的助理翻译会先将文本读给他听，口头将书面外语翻译成普通话。根据句中有谓语动词knew和would read，且无法构成并列句可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词an assistant translator，先行词指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that/who引导，故填that/who。 40．考查非谓语动词。句意：句意：尽管林纾除了自己的语言外不会说也不会读任何其他语言，但有一位懂得源语言的助理翻译会先将文本读给他听，口头将书面外语翻译成普通话。根据句子谓语动词would read可知，空处应用非谓语形式作状语，逻辑主语assistant translator与translate之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式，故填translating。 41．考查副词。句意：在19位助手的帮助下，林纾翻译或者更准确地说是改写了近200部西方文学经典。空处应用副词形式accurately“准确地”修饰动词rewrote，作状语，故填accurately。 42．考查形容词。句意：更吸引人、更神秘的是，据说他有大约50部未出版的翻译作品来自至今作者和源语言仍是个谜的文本。根据空前的More及空后并列连词and可知，空处应用形容词形式appealing“吸引人的”，与形容词mysterious并列，在句中作状语，故填appealing。 43．考查非谓语动词。句意：更吸引人、更神秘的是，据说他有大约50部未出版的翻译作品来自至今作者和源语言仍是个谜的文本。根据空前谓语动词are said可知，空处应用非谓语形式，be said to do sth. 是固定结构，意为“据说做某事”，故填to come。 44．考查时态。句意：直林纾的译作一度被人们遗忘，直到1963年钱钟书的论文《林纾的翻译》问世。空处位于until引导的时间状语从句中作谓语动词，根据空后时间状语in 1963可知，句子讲述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，动词用过去式形式appeared，故填appeared。 45．考查介词。句意：在他的文章中，钱钟书指出，林纾很好地充当了西方文学与中国读者之间的桥梁，他自己也是受林纾的翻译鼓舞学习外语的。空处与空前的was encouraged构成短语be encouraged by...“受……的鼓励”，故填by。 （八） （23-24高一下·青海西宁·阶段练习）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一个完整的短文。 I'm an English self-learner. English is not my first language. Today I’m an English teacher. I like to voice that failures are not disasters. Have faith, keep moving on and never give up. You will see your hard work pay off. I was a slow learner when I was little. Before five, I couldn't even speak in full sentences like most other children. I sound interacted with others. I neither cry nor go, nor got angry. My extreme quietness made my parents wonder if I was mentally slow. But they were not sure. Actually, I have to admit that my memories of my early childhood are quite uncertain. When I was in elementary school, I learned very slowly and was as quiet as a doll. While my teacher was teaching, my mind often would wander outside of the classroom to the playground. The learning problems and inactive personality remained with me until I was in Grade 5. As a fifth grader, I finally started interacting with my classmates. That was the first time in my memory that I had some friends. Most amazingly, from that time on, I became talkative, laughing and playing like any normal child. After heading full speed for my junior education, my learning situation got stuck in the mud again. In my country, students were arranged into different levels of classes based on their IQ test scores. For example, students with higher IQ scores were placed in the “outstanding class”; average ones joined the “intermediate class”, and slower students were destined for the “bottom class”. I was placed in the “bottom class” as a result of my below average IQ score. Most of my teachers taught us using easy and slow methods because they considered us unable to learn much. Despite that, I never lost faith that I might one day succeed. As if to prove that when God closes a door, he will definitely open up a big window, a miracle occurred. That's when I discovered a strong passion for English. 注意：1.续写词数应为 150 左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答， Paragraph 1: At the age of 13, I found myself deeply interested in English. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: That way, I could further expand my vocabulary. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】At the age of 13, I found myself deeply interested in English. It was the movie called Roman Holiday that attracted my attention. From then on, I watched English movies from time to time. While watching, I followed the pronunciation, stress and intonation of speakers, which was my great pleasure. I also tried to communicate with my teachers and classmates in English. Even if they would make fun of me, I didn’t mind. To my surprise, I was transferred from the bottom class to the top due to my progress, which was a miracle. To enlarge my vocabulary, I read as many stories and articles as possible. That way, I could further expand my vocabulary. I continued to self-learn English step by step. I even tried to write English diaries and rewrite some famous stories, one of which was published in our school newspaper. With these achievements, I had more faith in myself. Therefore, English was given priority when I chose my major at university. Wandering in the ocean of English, appreciating different cultures, I couldn’t be happier more. After graduating from college, I was determined to be an English teacher to share my experience in learning English to help more students. My story proves that everyone has the ability to learn English. Success has less to do with IQ, but more to do with hard work and strong passion. 【导语】本文以时间发展为线索展开，讲述了作者是一个自学英语者，现在是英语老师，但是作者从小就有语言学习上的问题，原因是母亲在怀自己的时候吃了一些药，对作者早期的智力发育有影响，在中学的入学智力测试时，作者被分到了底层的班级，学习的东西也比较浅显，但是作者没有丧失学习的信息，作者发现自己对学习英语有很大的热情。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“13岁时，我发现自己对英语产生了浓厚的兴趣。”可知，第一段可描写作者如何学习英语，除了学习英语课本外，作者还额外利用英语杂志、英语节目和写英语日记来学习英语，作者最终成为了一位英语老师。 ②由第二段首句内容“这样，我可以进一步扩大我的词汇量。”可知，第二段可描写作者对学习的感悟，成功和努力和坚持有关，和智商无关，作者鼓励人们在学习的时候不要丧失信心，只有这样才能赢。 2.续写线索：讲述学习过程——付出得到回报——继续学习——取得成就——成为英语老师——经验分享 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①吸引注意力：attract my attention/draw attention to/catch my attention ②努力去做：try to do/try one’s best to do/make every effort to do ③取笑：make fun of/laugh at 情绪类 ①惊奇：to my surprise/to my astonishment ②有信心：have faith in/be confident in ③非常高兴：couldn’t be happier/on cloud nine 【点睛】[高分句型1] It was the movie called Roman Holiday that attracted my attention. (运用了强调句型) [高分句型2] While watching, I followed the pronunciation, stress and intonation of speakers, which was my great pleasure. (运用了状语从句的省略和which引导定语从句) [高分句型3] Wandering in the ocean of English, appreciating different cultures, I couldn’t be happier more. (运用了现在分词作状语) 思维素养提升 Task 1 本单元的主题语境是“人与社会”，话题是“世界各地的语言”。本单元的写作项目是写一篇关于英语学习的咨询博客，要求学生反思和总结自己在英语学习中遇到的困难，并积极探索解决方法，然后以博客的文体形式完成写作。咨询博客的主要目的是寻求所需的信息、资料和了解相关情况等，类似于应用文中的咨询信。请选择一篇你感兴趣的阅读语篇，尝试用思维导图绘制出文章脉络吧！ Task 2 （23-24高一上·陕西西安·阶段练习）你校英文报正在征集学习建议。请以“How to Learn English Efficiently”为题写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1. 学生学习英语的现状； 2. 提高英语学习效率的方法； 3. 提出期望。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2. 短文的题目已为你写好。 How to Learn English Efficiently ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【范文赏读】How to Learn English Efficiently Nowadays, some students find it easy to learn English, but more students have difficulty learning it, including pronunciation, grammar, word memorization and so on. How do we learn English efficiently? In my opinion, we should make good use of different periods of time to learn English. In English classes, we should follow teachers and actively participate in classroom activities. After class, we should use short periods of time. We can memorize new words before eating and going to bed. Besides, we should focus on reading English articles, listening to English tapes and doing some exercises. I hope we can find effective ways and seize every opportunity to grasp English knowledge and form our ability to use English. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文。要求考生给学校英文报投稿，以“How to Learn English Efficiently”为题写一篇短文，分析学生学习英语的现状，给出提高英语学习效率的方法，并提出期望。 【详解】1. 词汇积累： 观点：opinion→view 充分利用：make good use of→take good advantage of 参加：participate in→take part in 此外：besides→additionally 抓住：seize→grab 2. 句式拓展： 简单句变复合句 原句：In English classes, we should follow teachers and actively participate in classroom activities. 拓展句：In English classes, we should follow teachers and actively participate in classroom activities，which will be of great use in our later learning. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Nowadays, some students find it easy to learn English, but more students have difficulty learning it, including pronunciation, grammar, word memorization and so on.（运用了it作形式宾语，动词不定式to do为真正的宾语） 【高分句型2】I hope we can find effective ways and seize every opportunity to grasp English knowledge and form our ability to use English.（运用了省略了连接词that的宾语从句） $$ 必修第一册Unit 5 Languages Around the World（人教版2019） 人与社会：世界各地的语言 单元引言解读 One language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way.—Frank Smith 释义：开篇页的引言出自当代心理语言学家Frank Smith，经典地诠释了掌握多门语言的重要性。引言可译为：一门语言能带你进入人生旅途，两门语言则为你开启人生旅途中的所有大门。 启示：21世纪是需要全球各国深度沟通与合作的时代，随着我国在政治、经济、文化、对外交流等各方面的发展，在创建“人类命运共同体”这一使命的召唤下，国家对精通各种外语的专业人才的需求急剧增长。就学生个人发展而言，学习和掌握至少一门外语能为他们的未来提供更多的可能。年轻人学习外语既是时代的召唤，也是这个时代赋予的使命。 名言名句积累 人与社会：世界各地的语言 1．A different language is a different vision of life.—Federico Fellini 每种不同的语言都是一种不同的生活视角。 ——费德里科·费里尼 2．Learning another language is not only learning different words for the same things, but learning another way to think about things.—Flora Lewis 学习另一种语言不仅是学会用另一种文字去表达一个意思，而是用另一种思维方式去思考事情。——弗洛拉·刘易斯 3．The way to learn a language is to practice speaking it as often as possible. 学习一门语言的方法就是要尽量多地练习说。 4．By learning English we can broaden our horizons and increase our knowledge in various fields. 通过学习英语，我们可以开阔视野，增加各个领域的知识。 5．Learning a foreign language is very necessary in the future.学习一门外语在未来是非常有必要的。 6．You still find it hardest to learn English grammar if you don't change your attitude to it.如果你不改变你对英语语法的态度，你仍然会发现它是最难学的。 7．There is a little difference between Chinese and English grammar, and can you show me how to grasp it? 中文和英文的语法有一点不同，你能教我如何掌握吗？ 8．Culture plays an important role in language learning. 文化在语言学习中担任重要角色。 9．Culture understanding enables us to master the meaning of a foreigner's gesture more accurately. 文化理解使我们能够更准确地掌握外国人手势的意思。 10．If you learn English well, you will seize many job chances in advance.学好英语就提前抓住了很多工作机会。 11．I find that the stronger the motivation is, the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language. 我发现，一个人动机越强，学习外语就越快。 12．It is important to take an English course, as you will be able to learn from the teachers while practicing speaking English with your fellow students. 上英语课很重要，因为你可以在和同学们练习说英语的同时从老师那里学到东西。 时文拓展阅读 Is College Worth It? A new study says that Americans have increasing questions about the value and cost of a college education. Most of the people taking part in the study felt that higher education in the U.S. is headed in the “wrong direction.” Gallup and the Lumina Foundation carried out the study. It found that only 36 percent of adults said they had a “great deal” or “quite a lot” of confidence in higher education. That confidence level has decreased steadily from 57 percent in 2015. That was the first year in which Gallup measured confidence in higher education. FILE - In this May 13, 2018, file photo, new graduates walk at the start of the Rutgers University graduation ceremony in New Jersey. Americans are saying the U.S. higher education system is headed in the “wrong direction.” (AP Photo/Seth Wenig, File) The decline is seen in all subgroups of people including sex, age, and political ties. Among Republican Party members in the study, the number of people with high confidence in higher education has dropped 36 percentage points over the last 10 years. That is far more than for Democratic Party members or independents. Some of the opinions in the study might show concerns about the high cost of college and how race and other subjects are taught. Fifty-nine-year-old Randy Hill is a registered Republican in Connecticut and a driver for a car service. He told the Associated Press, “It's so expensive, and I don't think colleges are teaching people what they need to get a job.” Hill said his nephew plans to do a welding apprenticeship after high school instead of going to college. The June 2024 study found that 36 percent of adults feel strong confidence in higher education. That percentage is unchanged from the year before. But the researchers said they were concerned that fewer Americans were saying that they had “some” confidence, and more were reporting “very little” or “none.” This year's findings show almost as many people have little or no confidence, 32 percent, as those with high confidence. Experts say that fewer college graduates could worsen labor shortages in fields from health care to information technology. For those who do not go to college, it often means lower lifetime earnings. Georgetown University's Center on Education and the Workforce said lifetime earnings for those without a bachelor's degree could be 75 percent less than for those with a degree. The center also said that during an economic downturn, those without college degrees are more likely to lose their jobs. Courtney Brown is a vice president at Lumina, an education nonprofit group. It aims to increase the number of students who seek education beyond high school. She said, “What's shocking to me is that the people who have low or no confidence is actually increasing.” This year's study added new, detailed questions in an effort to understand why confidence is shrinking. Almost one-third of people in the study said college is “too expensive.” About 25 percent thought students are not getting the right education or taught what they need to succeed. The study did not ask about the protests against the war in Gaza this year that divided many college communities. But people who took part said they had concerns about indoctrination, political bias, and that colleges are too liberal. Among those who said they lack confidence in college, 41 percent said political activity was a reason. Other findings Sixty-seven percent of adults in the study said colleges are headed in the “wrong direction.” That is more than two times higher than the 31 percent who think that colleges are going in the right direction. Gallup noted that when people express confidence in higher education, they are thinking of four-year colleges. But the study found that more people have confidence in two-year community colleges. Forty-nine percent of adults said they have “a great deal” or “quite a lot” of confidence in two-year programs, compared with 33 percent of Americans who feel that way about four-year colleges. California college student Kristen Freeman said she understands why. “It's about saving money. That's why I went to a two-year. It's more bang for your buck,” said Freeman who is a 22-year-old sociology major at Diablo Valley Community College. She plans to go to San Jose State University for the final two years of college. Freeman said she understands the concerns about indoctrination and whether college prepares students for life and work. But she feels the only way to change structural problems is from the inside. “I am learning about the world around me and developing useful skills in critical thinking,” Freeman said. “I think higher education can give students the spark to want to change the system.” 【译文欣赏】 上大学值得吗？ 一项新的研究表明，美国人对大学教育的价值和成本越来越有疑问。参与这项研究的大多数人认为，美国的高等教育正朝着“错误的方向”发展。 盖洛普和Lumina基金会进行了这项研究。调查发现，只有36%的成年人表示他们对高等教育“非常”或“相当”有信心。 这一信心水平从2015年的57%稳步下降。这是盖洛普首次测量人们对高等教育的信心。 文件在2018年5月13日的文件照片中，新毕业生在新泽西州罗格斯大学毕业典礼开始时行走。美国人说美国高等教育体系正朝着“错误的方向”前进，包括性别、年龄和政治关系在内的所有人群都出现了下降。在参与这项研究的共和党成员中，对高等教育充满信心的人数在过去10年中下降了36个百分点。这远远超过了民主党成员或独立人士。 研究中的一些观点可能会对大学的高昂成本以及种族和其他科目的教学方式表示担忧。 59岁的Randy Hill是康涅狄格州的一名注册共和党人，也是一名汽车服务司机。他告诉美联社，“这太贵了，我不认为大学在教人们找工作需要什么。”希尔说，他的侄子计划高中毕业后做焊接学徒，而不是上大学。 2024年6月的研究发现，36%的成年人对高等教育充满信心。这一比例与前一年没有变化。 但研究人员表示，他们担心说自己有“一些”信心的美国人越来越少，而报告“很少”或“没有”信心的人越来越多。今年的调查结果显示，几乎有32%的人没有信心，与那些信心很高的人一样。 专家表示，大学毕业生的减少可能会加剧从医疗保健到信息技术等领域的劳动力短缺。对于那些没有上大学的人来说，这通常意味着终身收入较低。 乔治城大学教育和劳动力中心表示，没有学士学位的人的终身收入可能比有学位的人低75%。该中心还表示，在经济衰退期间，没有大学学位的人更有可能失业。 Courtney Brown是非营利教育组织Lumina的副总裁。它旨在增加寻求高中以上教育的学生人数。她说：“令我震惊的是，那些信心低或没有信心的人实际上正在增加。” 今年的研究增加了新的详细问题，以了解为什么信心正在萎缩。 在这项研究中，近三分之一的人表示大学“太贵了”。约25%的人认为学生没有得到正确的教育，也没有学到成功所需的东西。 这项研究没有询问今年加沙战争的抗议活动，这些抗议活动分裂了许多大学社区。但参与其中的人表示，他们担心灌输思想、政治偏见，以及大学过于自由。在那些表示对大学缺乏信心的人中，41%的人表示政治活动是一个原因。 其他调查结果 在这项研究中，67%的成年人表示大学正朝着“错误的方向”前进。这比31%的人认为大学朝着正确的方向前进高出两倍多。 盖洛普指出，当人们表达对高等教育的信心时，他们想到的是四年制大学。但研究发现，更多的人对两年制社区学院有信心。 49%的成年人表示，他们对两年制大学“非常”或“相当”有信心，而33%的美国人对四年制大学有这种感觉。 加州大学生克里斯汀·弗里曼表示，她理解其中的原因。22岁的弗里曼是暗黑破坏神谷社区学院社会学专业的学生，他说：“这是为了省钱。这就是为什么我选择了两年制。这更划算。”。她计划在大学的最后两年去圣何塞州立大学。 弗里曼说，她理解人们对灌输的担忧，以及大学是否为学生的生活和工作做好准备。但她觉得改变结构性问题的唯一方法是从内部入手。 弗里曼说：“我正在了解周围的世界，并培养批判性思维的有用技能。”。“我认为高等教育可以激发学生改变制度的欲望。” 【词汇积累】 confidence –n. a belief that something is good or worthwhile 信心 decline –n. the process of becoming smaller, less effective or worse 下降，减少 expensive –adj. Costly 昂贵的 apprenticeship –n. a position where a person is taught a trade and serves as an assistant to an established tradesman 学徒期，学徒身份 bachelor's degree –n. a degree given by a college or university for completing a course of study that usually takes four years 学士学位 indoctrination –n. a process that conditions people to believe certain ideas 教化 bias –n. the condition of being influence more by one set of ideas than another偏见 more bang for your buck –idiom doing something that gives the greatest effect at the lowest cost更物有所值 spark –n. a small amount of fire or electricity that can start a fire 火花，火星 【知识拓展】 是否上大学值得还取决于个人的具体情况和职业规划。如果对某个领域有浓厚的兴趣，并且愿意在这个领域进行深入学习和研究，那么上大学是值得的。如果对自己的未来职业规划比较迷茫，或者并不需要大学学历来敲开某个岗位的大门，那么可以选择其他适合自己的发展道路。‌ 【词汇延伸】 confidence level 置信水平；可信度 at the start 开始 ; 起初 ; 当初 graduation ceremony 毕业典礼 综合实战演练 （一） （2024·全国新高考Ⅰ卷C篇）Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 1．What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Seem unlikely to last. B．Seem hard to explain. C．Become ready to use. D．Become easy to notice. 2．What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A．Readers treat digital texts lightly. B．Digital texts are simpler to understand. C．People select digital texts randomly. D．Digital texts are suitable for social media. 3．Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A．They can hold students' attention. B．They are more convenient to prepare. C．They help develop advanced skills. D．They are more informative than text. 4．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B．Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C．Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D．Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. ( 高考英语 词义猜测题 解题技巧 考点： ①猜测某个词、词组、句子的意义 ②对文中的多义词或词组进行定义 ③判断某个代词的指代的对象。 常见命题形式有： The underlined word/phrase in the second paragraph means _____.The word “it/they” in the last sentence refers to______.The word “…”（Line 6. para.2）probably means ______.The word “…”（Line 6. para.2）could best be replaced by which of the following?Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “…” ? 解答技巧 1.通过因果关系猜词通过因果关系猜词 首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因后果。例如：You shouldn't have blamed him for that，for it wasn't his fault. 通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可猜出blame的词义是"责备"。 通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词 在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它的大致词义。对比是描述，说明事物的常用方式。在对比中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根据反义或对比关系可从已知推出未知。利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词hot and cold，perfect and imperfect，甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。 3.通过构词法猜词 阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。如：unforeseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un，fore，see，able;其中see是词根，fore是“先，前，预”的含义，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。 4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义 有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语(从句)、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。 例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time. Then there is a dry period，or drought.从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought，由此可见drought意思为"久旱"，"旱灾"。而a dry period和drought是同义语。这种同义或释义关系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折号等来表示。 ) ( 通过句法功能来推测词义 例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同类关系，同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。 为了说明或证实，文章中经常会举例，往往用来列举说明前面较难理解的词，这些例子可帮助我们猜测生词。举例时，常常会用一些连接性的词，如such as，like，for example，for instance等。 6.通过描述猜词 描述即作者对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。 有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语(从句)、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。 7 .利用上下文语境猜词 任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。高考题当中。熟词生义比生词本身的障碍要大得多。原因有三：其一，高考对生词的数量有数量的规定，不得超过3%;其二，熟词生义很容易引起考生的误解;其三，熟词生义的数量没有限制。如果这种现象在一篇文章中出现得多，那就更难理解了。 8. 根据常识猜词 如：The door was so low that he hit his head on the lintel.（lintel “过梁”。）Afraid of waking the baby up, she tiptoed out of the room.（tiptoed “踮着脚走，蹑手蹑脚”） 如：Young Hoover died. Over a thousand people attended his funeral. （通过“年轻的Hoover去世了”，根据我们的常识猜测出一千多人参加的应该是他的“葬礼”。） 别提醒： 在做英语阅读理解题时，一定要注意熟词生义 !这类猜词题也常见于各年 ) ( The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks – like identifying the main idea in a reading passage – to ones that require mental abstraction – such as drawing inferences from a text. 本 句中 when 引导时间状语从句，从句谓语为 move，like identifying the main idea in a reading passage 和 such as drawing inferences from a text 分别补充说明 simple tasks 和 ones that require mental abstraction。 翻译 ：当实验人员从提出简单的任务，如找到阅读文章的主旨，转向需要抽象思维的任务， 如从文本中推断出结论时，纸质阅读的好处尤为明显。 According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a m indset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. suited to social media 作后置定语修饰 mindset，which 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 social media，and 连接主句并列的谓语 approach 和 devote。 翻译 ：根据这一理论，人们对待数字文本的态度与对待社交媒体的态度相当，社交媒体通常不那么严肃，相比纸质阅读，人们投入的脑力要少。 ) ( comprehension n ； onscreen cover v [ 熟词 新 义 ] ； concentration n ； entertainment n ； multitask v ； consume v ； confirm v ； pose v [ 熟词 新 义 ] ； identify v ； abstraction n ； property n [ 熟词 新 义 ] ； literal adj ； geography n [ 熟词生义 ] ； distinct adj ； propose v ； shallow v ； approach v ； engaging adj ； say v [ 熟词 新 义 ] ； demonstrate v ； identical adj ； piece n [ 熟词 新 义 ] ； available adj ； maximize v ； reflection n ； assume v ； informative adj multiple adj ； randomly adv ； a tendency to do sth ； draw inferences from ； shine through ； physical properties ； in print ； call for ； treat sth lightly ； develop advanced skills ) （二） （2023高一下·吉林·学业考试）We can learn how to use English words in reading, writing and speaking with the help of this dictionary. It not only gives the meaning of words, but also helps you with spelling, word-building, grammar and pronunciation. To use your dictionary correctly, you need to understand how the dictionary works. At the front of the book, you will find some exercises to help you make the most use of your dictionary. If you look up the word “color”, you will find two spellings for this word. “Colour” is used in British English, while “color” is used in American English. When there are differences, “BrE” is for British English and “AmE” for American English. The dictionary also helps you pronounce words correctly. We use a special alphabet (特殊字母表) to show pronunciation. You will find all the phonetic letters (音标) inside, with some words to show you how they are pronounced. Just look at the inside back cover when you’re not sure how to say a word. 5．This dictionary cannot help you with _________. A．grammar B．singing C．spelling D．pronunciation 6．_________ of the words in the dictionary have two spellings. A．Some B．Each C．Few D．All 7．The phonetic letters help you _________ each word correctly. A．understand B．write C．know D．say （三） （23-24高一下·新疆伊犁·阶段练习）“Learning about one’s own culture, as well as the culture of others, is important,” says Sanam Akhlagh, who set up Pardis for Children. Located in New York City, the nonprofit brings Iranian-American families together and offers after-school programs for children to learn about their heritage. Classes explore Iranian music, art, and history, among other topics. Akhlagh has always been interested in education, kids, and culture, But she felt a void (空虚) before setting up Pardis in 2011. She hadn’t been able to get together with friends who share her Iranian heritage periodically. She also thought her children needed that community. “I want kids to know their culture and language,” Akhlagh said, “So if they’re Iranian, they actually know what that means.” But she also wants them to create a bond. “I want them to build a community that they’ll hopefully keep, and stay fiends together for years to come,” she said, “want them to have a beautiful, positive memory (回忆) related to Iranian culture and the Persian language.” Learning about your own culture and language, and understanding other cultures from around the world, Akhlagh explained, makes you a richer and more tolerant (宽容的) person. It also makes you appreciate other people’s way of life. “The exchange of cultures is of great importance,” Akhlagh said. “It is much harder to call people of certain countries or cultures your enemy when you actually know them. When you eat their food, or when you dance to their music together, when you read their literature, it becomes more real, and you start appreciating everyone.” When asked her advice for young people, Akhlagh encouraged exploration and discovery. “If you have the opportunity, always be curious to make friends,” she said. “Get to know people from different cultures and be curious. Always try to know more and travel.” 8．What is the purpose of Pardis for Children? A．To enrich children’s social life. B．To improve children’s artistic abilities. C．To educate children on Iranian culture. D．To develop children’s love for their country. 9．What does the underlined word “bond” mean in paragraph 4? A．Custom. B．Program. C．Relationship. D．Schedule. 10．What does Akhlagh think of the exchange of cultures? A．It is a way of life. B．It can promote peace. C．It is a chance to grow D．It increases your wealth. 11．What is Akhlagh’s advice for young people? A．Caring more about their friends. B．Being open to different cultures. C．Taking every opportunity to study. D．Feeling confident about making friends. （四） （23-24高一下·河北沧州·期末）When Montgomery was at college, he decided to study the Chinese language. “My friends laughed at my decision. Just like most Americans, they didn’t know much about China then. Who knew what China would become in the 21st century?”he says. To find a China-related job after graduating from university, he became a businessman related to US-China trade. Traveling and meeting people in different parts of China, he found that the more he learned about China, the more he was attracted by its history and culture. When he found that there was no English podcast (播客) about Chinese history in 2010,he decided to launch one himself. He worked from home using very simple recording and editing facilities. Each of the half-hour episodes (集) took him 18 to 20 hours to research, write, record and edit. “China has a great history. I try to get more Americans to appreciate it,” says Montgomery. “There are many topics to talk about. I use my common sense to feel what will be interesting to most people.” His China History Podcast is now downloaded 1.5 million times a year, with audience from the United States, China and other countries. “I downloaded a few episodes and discovered that they were perfect for those days when I drove a long distance. It turned the boring hours into enjoyable learning experiences,” says Seligman, 62, an author who spent eight years in China. “Montgomery brings Chinese history and culture to life in a completely new way. As you listen, you often get the impression that he was a witness (见证者) to the events he described,” says Seligman. Many overseas Chinese are grateful to Montgomery for reconnecting them with their ancestral roots. And to his surprise, local Chinese are also welcoming the show as a great resource for learning English. “After more than 25 years doing sales and marketing of ‘made in China’ products, I’ve now become a sort of a salesman of Chinese history,” says Montgomery. 12．What was Montgomery’s friends’ attitude towards his decision? A．Unconcerned. B．Curious. C．Unsupportive. D．Favorable. 13．How did Montgomery choose topics? A．By referring to similar works online. B．On the basis of his own understanding. C．Through recommendations from Chinese. D．By using the knowledge learnt in college. 14．Which of the following can be used to describe Montgomery? A．Honest and generous. B．Focused and creative. C．Intelligent and humorous. D．Strict and knowledgeable. 15．What is the suitable title for the text? A．“Selling” Chinese History to the World B．Bringing Chinese Together Through Podcast C．Exploring a New Resource for Language Learning D．“Creating” History—Popularizing “Made in China” Products （五） （23-24高一下·江西新余·期末）Want to find out how you can learn a new language as fast as possible? If you commit to your new language, work hard, and have an open mind about making mistakes, you can go from basic conversational skills to fluency without the need for expensive classes and years of dedicated study. 16 Watch shows or movies. 17 Possibly the easiest thing you can do is watch television shows or movies in the language you are trying to learn. To make things easier, try to watch shows or movies whose plots you are already familiar with — like kids’ cartoons or dubbed versions of English movie. Knowing the plots will help you to identify the meanings of words and phrases. 18 Study smarter, not harder. Mastering everyday conversation will let you hit the ground running. It’s more important to master basic phrases you’ll use frequently than it is to start off by learning the alphabet or the perfect sentence structure. For example, you can learn phrases like: Hello, Goodbye, How are you?, I’m doing well, What is your name?, My name is…, and so on. Don’t worry about perfect grammar. 19 The reason why most people can’t remember most of the language they spent years learning in school is that school curricula tend to focus a huge amount of time on learning grammar and very little time on speech. 20 The specifics of grammar will come later. A．Learn how to greet. B．Learn basic phrases. C．We’ll let you in on the easiest language-learning secrets. D．Focus on conveying a message and being understandable. E．Language learners are afraid of being laughed at by listeners. F．If you want to learn a language quickly, you should learn how to talk first. G．Immersion can help you quickly improve your listening and speaking skills. （六） 完形填空 （23-24高一下·湖南邵阳·期末）Born in America, I spoke English, not Chinese, the language of my ancestors (祖先). When I was three, my parents flashed cards with Chinese 21 at my face, but I pushed them 22 . My mom believed I would learn when I was ready. But the 23 never came. On a Chinese New Year’s Eve, my uncle spoke to me in Chinese, but all I could do was 24 at him, confused. “Still can’t speak Chinese?” He 25 me, “You can’t even buy a fish in Chinatown (唐人街).” “Hey, this is America, not China. I’ll get some 26 with or without Chinese.” I replied and turned to my mom for 27 . “Remember to ask for fresh fish, Xin XianYu,”she said, handing over a $20 bill. I 28 the words, running downstairs into the streets of Chinatown. I found the fish stand (摊位) surrounded in a sea of customers. “I’d like to buy some fresh fish,” I shouted to the fisherman. But he ignored (不理睬) my English words and turned to serve the next customer. The laugh of the people behind increased 29 their impatience (不耐烦). With every second, the breath of the dragons on my back grew stronger— 30 me to cry out, “Xian Sheng Yu, please.” “Very Xian Sheng,” I repeated. The crowd burst into laughter. My face turned 31 and I ran back home, 32 , except for the $20 bill I held tightly in my hand. Should I laugh or cry? They’re Chinese. I’m Chinese. I should feel right at home (自在). Instead, I was the joke, a disgrace (丢脸) to the language. Sometimes, I laugh at my fish 33 , but, in the end, the joke is on 34 . Every laugh is a culture 35 ; every laugh is my heritage (传统) fading away. 21．A．custom B．games C．characters D．paintings 22．A．ahead B．around C．along D．aside 23．A．success B．study C．time D．attempt 24．A．aim B．joke C．nod D．stare 25．A．cared about B．laughed at C．argued with D．asked after 26．A．right now B．from now C．at times D．in time 27．A．decision B．permission C．information D．preparation 28．A．repeated B．reviewed C．spelled D．kept 29．A．by B．near C．with D．from 30．A．forcing B．allowing C．finding D．leading 31．A．bright B．blank C．pale D．red 32．A．open-mouthed B．tongue-tied C．empty-handed D．broken-hearted 33．A．trade B．confidence C．challenge D．experience 34．A．it B．us C．me D．them 35．A．treasured B．lost C．valued D．reflected （七） 语法填空 （23-24高一下·江苏扬州·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Although you may never have heard the name Lin Shu, it should 36 (include) in every book on literary history. In the late 19th century, he wrote 37 first literary translations and greatly contributed to making foreign 38 (author) and their works easy to understand for Chinese readers. Although Lin did not speak nor read any language other than his own, an assistant translator 39 knew the source language would first read the texts to him, orally(口头地) 40 (translate) the written foreign words into Mandarin(普通话). Lin would then rewrite the tale in classic Mandarin. With the help of 19 assistants, Lin translated, or more 41 (accurate), rewrote close to 200 classics of western literature. Some of his adaptation s even became bestsellers in early 20th-century China. More 42 (appeal) and mysterious still, 50 or so of his unpublished translations are said 43 (come) from texts whose authors and source languages remain a mystery to this day. Lin’s translations were much forgotten until the essay “Lin Shu’s Translations” by Qian Zhongshu 44 (appear) in 1963. In his essay. Qian Zhongshu stated that Lin Shu served well as a bridge between Western literature and Chinese readers, as he himself was encouraged 45 Lin’s translations to learn foreign languages. （八） （23-24高一下·青海西宁·阶段练习）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一个完整的短文。 I'm an English self-learner. English is not my first language. Today I’m an English teacher. I like to voice that failures are not disasters. Have faith, keep moving on and never give up. You will see your hard work pay off. I was a slow learner when I was little. Before five, I couldn't even speak in full sentences like most other children. I sound interacted with others. I neither cry nor go, nor got angry. My extreme quietness made my parents wonder if I was mentally slow. But they were not sure. Actually, I have to admit that my memories of my early childhood are quite uncertain. When I was in elementary school, I learned very slowly and was as quiet as a doll. While my teacher was teaching, my mind often would wander outside of the classroom to the playground. The learning problems and inactive personality remained with me until I was in Grade 5. As a fifth grader, I finally started interacting with my classmates. That was the first time in my memory that I had some friends. Most amazingly, from that time on, I became talkative, laughing and playing like any normal child. After heading full speed for my junior education, my learning situation got stuck in the mud again. In my country, students were arranged into different levels of classes based on their IQ test scores. For example, students with higher IQ scores were placed in the “outstanding class”; average ones joined the “intermediate class”, and slower students were destined for the “bottom class”. I was placed in the “bottom class” as a result of my below average IQ score. Most of my teachers taught us using easy and slow methods because they considered us unable to learn much. Despite that, I never lost faith that I might one day succeed. As if to prove that when God closes a door, he will definitely open up a big window, a miracle occurred. That's when I discovered a strong passion for English. 注意：1.续写词数应为 150 左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答， Paragraph 1: At the age of 13, I found myself deeply interested in English. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: That way, I could further expand my vocabulary. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 思维素养提升 Task 1 本单元的主题语境是“人与社会”，话题是“世界各地的语言”。本单元的写作项目是写一篇关于英语学习的咨询博客，要求学生反思和总结自己在英语学习中遇到的困难，并积极探索解决方法，然后以博客的文体形式完成写作。咨询博客的主要目的是寻求所需的信息、资料和了解相关情况等，类似于应用文中的咨询信。请选择一篇你感兴趣的阅读语篇，尝试用思维导图绘制出文章脉络吧！ Task 2 （23-24高一上·陕西西安·阶段练习）你校英文报正在征集学习建议。请以“How to Learn English Efficiently”为题写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1. 学生学习英语的现状； 2. 提高英语学习效率的方法； 3. 提出期望。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2. 短文的题目已为你写好。 How to Learn English Efficiently ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$