精品解析：广东省佛山市第六中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末质量检测考试英语试卷

佛山市第六中学高二下期末质量检测考试 英语试题 姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 第I卷（选择题） 一、阅读理解：本大题共15小题，共37.5分。 A Embark on an exhilarating expedition across the ancient trade routes, commencing your 5-day odyssey from the heart of China to the vibrant lands of Central Asia. Day 1 in Turpan, China: Commence your journey in the oasis city of Turpan, where you will delve into the intricate Karez Well System — a testament to the ingenuity of ancient irrigation techniques that persist in their operational capacity to this day. As the sun sets on your inaugural day, retreat to the tranquility of a family-owned vineyard, where you can meander through the verdant vineyards, engaging in conversations with the hospitable locals to gain insights into their customary way of life. Day 2 in Urumqi, China: With the first light of dawn, set forth from Turpan to the bustling metropolis of Urumqi, the political epicenter of Xinjiang. Post a nourishing breakfast, immerse yourself in the cultural tapestry of the Xinjiang Museum, a treasure trove of diverse artworks, meticulously crafted handiworks, and historical artifacts. As you prepare to wing your way to Kashgar, seize the opportunity to amble through the vibrant Erdaoqiao Market, the most expansive marketplace in Xinjiang, teeming with a medley of goods. Day 3 in Kashgar, China: Devote this day to the leisurely exploration of Kashgar, commencing with a visit to the bustling Handicrafts Street, a cornucopia of artisanal treasures ranging from copper wares to metal and porcelain masterpieces. Pause for refreshment in a time-honored teahouse, where you can mingle with the convivial community, partaking in their animated dialogues and spirited dances. As the day draws to a close, retire to your lodgings for a rejuvenating night's rest in anticipation of the forthcoming voyage to Osh. Day 4 in Osh, Kyrgyzstan: Upon reaching the second city of Kyrgyzstan, Osh, immerse yourself in the National Historical and Archaeological Museum Complex, a repository of cultural artifacts, handiworks, and sculptures that narrate the region's storied past. Subsequently, venture to the Jayma Bazaar, the most expansive marketplace in Central Asia, whose origins are rooted in the bygone era of the Silk Road. Should your interest lie in the silken threads of history, inquire of your guide to lead you to the Yodgorlik Silk Factory, a sanctuary where the age-old manual silk-making process is preserved. Day 5 in Ashgabat Turkmenistan: Conclude your journey with a serene morning train excursion, culminating in your arrival at Ashgabat, the capital of Turkmenistan. Dedicate the day to the exploration of the Parthian Fortresses of Nisa, a pivotal city from the Parthian Empire's early annals. As evening descends, return to the city to savor a meal and embark on an evening sojourn to the Ashgabat National Museum of History, where the chronicles of the nation are enshrined. 1 On which day can a tourist have a tea-tasting experience? A. Day 1. B. Day 2. C. Day 3. D. Day 4. 2. What does the tour in Urumqi and Osh have in common? A. Staying at a local farm. B. Shopping at a market. C. Visiting an ancient city. D. Dancing with local people. 3. Where can a tourist visit a museum in the evening? A. Turpan. B. Kashgar. C. Osh. D. Ashgabat. B The concept of a space elevator, while once confined to the realm of science fiction, is gaining traction as a potential reality within the next few decades. This belief is not unfounded, but rather stems from the ongoing advancements in aerospace engineering and materials science. As an aerospace engineer and a physics professor, the allure of a space elevator — a colossal cable extending from Earth's surface into space, facilitating the transportation of both people and cargo — remains a compelling subject of study. In recent years, innovative approaches to design and engineering have surfaced, providing new insights into the feasibility and functionality of space elevators. The rationale for constructing a space elevator is multifaceted. Firstly, it presents a significant opportunity for energy and cost efficiency, offering a more practical alternative to traditional rocket-based space travel. The economic and environmental benefits are substantial, as the space elevator would reduce the need for fuel-intensive rocket launches. Secondly, the space elevator would revolutionize accessibility to space. The term "space mission" could evolve into “transit”, reflecting the routine and weather-independent nature of space travel. This shift would not only make space travel safer for astronauts, mitigating the risks associated with rocket launches, but also open up the cosmos to a broader range of individuals and purposes. Moreover, the space elevator acts as a gateway to the solar system. By releasing a payload at different points along the elevator, one could achieve orbit around Earth or the sun, depending on the release point, all without the need for propulsion. While it may seem that I am an advocate for the space elevator, my true passion lies in the study of its mechanics and the potential it holds for our future. In a world facing numerous challenges, the pursuit of such ambitious projects allows us to dream of a time when humanity becomes responsible stewards of our planet, reaching for the stars while preserving our home. 4. What's the function of Paragraph 1? A. To introduce the topic. B. To set a background. C. To make a comparison. D. To give an example. 5. What does the underlined phrase "tinker with" mean in Paragraph 3? A. Abandon. B. Improve. C. Establish. D. Discuss. 6. What is the purpose of building a space elevator? A. To please science fiction fans. B. To promote space tourism. C. To protect astronauts' safety. D. To make space travel easier. 7. What is the author's attitude towards space elevators? A. Unclear. B. Doubtful. C. Optimistic. D. Dismissive. C We are currently experiencing an unprecedented era in the realm of space exploration, marked by a surge in the retrieval and study of celestial samples. This “golden age” is characterized by the active efforts of global space agencies to gather and analyze material from various celestial bodies, including asteroids, moons, and planets. China’s Chang’e 5 mission stands out as a recent triumph in this endeavor. On December 17, the Chang’e 5 lunar probe successfully concluded its journey by landing in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, as reported by China Daily. This mission, the first lunar sample-return endeavor since 1976, managed to secure an impressive 1,713 grams of lunar rocks and dust, utilizing advanced drilling technology and robotic arms. Similarly, on December 6, Japan’s Hayabusa 2 probe achieved a remarkable feat by returning a capsule filled with samples from the asteroid Ryugu. This marks the second instance of asteroid samples being collected and brought back to Earth, following the original Hayabusa spacecraft’s accomplishment in 2010. The momentum in this field is set to continue, with NASA’s OSIRIS-REx spacecraft anticipated to return to Earth in 2023, carrying samples from the asteroid Bennu. Additionally, Russia’s Lunar-25 mission is poised to launch in 2021, with the objective of collecting lunar samples. The significance of these sample-return missions cannot be overstated. They hold the potential to shed light on long-standing mysteries that have baffled scientists, such as the origins of life and the emergence of water on Earth. As Ann Nguyen, a NASA planetary scientist, emphasizes, “I cannot emphasize enough how valuable return samples are for increasing our understanding of the origin and evolution of our solar system and our place in the universe, and how we came to be.” Upon arrival on Earth, these celestial samples undergo meticulous analysis using sophisticated instruments. These analyses can yield more detailed insights than what can be gleaned from photographs or robotic rovers alone. In the case of the Chang’e 5 lunar samples, scientists will employ a variety of analytical methods, tests, and experiments to determine the composition, structure, and physical properties of the lunar material. This comprehensive understanding will contribute to a deeper comprehension of the moon’s history and, by extension, the broader history of our solar system. Though we have only begun to explore the surface of these celestial bodies, both in a literal and figurative sense, the knowledge we have gained is already substantial. The journey of discovery is far from over, with a wealth of mysteries still waiting to be unveiled. 8. What do we know about the Chang’e 5 lunar probe? A. It was launched on Dec 17. B. It collected the world’s first lunar sample. C. It brought back 1,713 grams of lunar samples. D. It completed the most successful mission recently. 9. Which of the following collected the first asteroid samples? A. Hayabusa. B. Hayabusa 2. C. OSIRIS-REx. D. Russia’s Lunar-25. 10. What can the samples shed light on (阐明)? A. The origin of life. B. Structure of the solar system. C. Which celestial bodies have water. D. How water first appeared on the moon. 11. What will scientists do with the samples? A. Analyze them and conduct experiments. B. Determine their sources. C. Compare them with space photos. D. Scratch their surfaces. D Within the cinematic universe of “The Martian,” Matt Damon embodies the role of an astronaut who cultivates sustenance on the Martian terrain, a testament to human ingenuity in the face of isolation on the crimson celestial sphere. Following their cinematic enlightenment, Michael Allen, a physicist hailing from Washington State University, and Helen Joyner, a food scientist from the University of Idaho, resolved to initiate a pedagogical exploration. They devised an instructive scenario aimed at guiding students through the complex process of agricultural endeavor on the Martian surface. Envisioning themselves as interplanetary miners, students are tasked with devising a strategy for sustenance prior to embarking on their extraterrestrial expedition. Allen and Joyner proffer a proposal outlining the selection of crops and the enduring trials of cultivating them in the Martian environment over extended periods. Utilizing a scoring mechanism, students are challenged to identify and propagate three varieties of nourishment on the Martian terrain. Allen encountered a remarkable diversity in outcomes: among a cohort of thirty students, “there has not been a single instance of identical responses,” he remarked. Future Martian voyagers will, in all likelihood, be compelled to harness the native resources of the planet rather than transporting all necessities aboard a spacecraft. This implies the necessity of cultivating their own nourishment on an extraterrestrial sphere, one that boasts an ecosystem markedly divergent from that of Earth. One formidable impediment for prospective Martian habitués is the absence of agricultural implements. In congruence with actual astronauts, student participants in the study are precluded from amassing an extensive array of farming tools. As Joyner articulated to his student space explorers, “You commence your journey with a vacuum of resources.” Furthermore, students are confronted with the predicament of a severely restricted dietary selection. “Could I endure a diet confined to a single sustenance for the entirety of my existence?” posed Joyner. Nevertheless, Allen perceives the case study as transcending the realms of agriculture and nutrition on the Red Planet. “I am not imparting knowledge solely on the cultivation of food on Mars,” Allen declared. “I am imparting knowledge on coexistence with choices. I am imparting knowledge on the resolution of complex issues.” 12. In the case study, students have to ______. A. watch the movie to know the conditions on Mars B. decide which crop to grow on Mars with the help of the teachers C. design different types of diets on Mars for them to choose D. understand how to farm on Mars with their favorite farming tools 13. The underlined word “proposal” in the second paragraph can be replaced by ______ . A. exploration B. recommendation C. adventure D. movement 14. Michael Allen thinks that the case study ______ . A. increases students’ knowledge about farming B. helps student know more about Mars C. develops students’ skills of solving problems D. teaches students how to make proper choices 15. The passage is mainly intended ______. A. to describe a research on how to farm on Mars B. to prepare us to deal with problems on Mars C. to teach us how to survive on Mars alone D. to introduce a Hollywood movie, The Martian 二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共12.5分。 Gardening 380 Kilometers above Earth Astronauts have to go through physical, psychological, and technical training. They also go through training in how to care for plants. These “astronaut gardeners” share their work and living space with plants. Taking seeds and plants along on a trip isn’t a new idea. As space trips become longer, it will be necessary to grow food in space. ____16____ Because of this, it’s not practical to send everything needed for a long journey, only to be used once and thrown away. Plants can serve many uses on a space journey. They can provide more fresh things. ____17____ Also, plants can help to make air quality better because they produce oxygen. They can improve the quality of the air inside the spacecraft — the only air the astronauts can breathe. ____18____ Due to the lack of gravity in space, the oxygen that the plants produce stays around the plants. This can actually kill them, so fans are needed to circulate the air. Without gravity, roots don’t “know” to grow down, leaves don’t “know” to grow up, and water doesn’t easily travel up the roots to the leaves. ____19____ Besides, soil is too heavy to send to space, and special liquid gels (胶) are used to help plant growth. Scientists are also working on the plants themselves. They are trying to make plants grow more rapidly and grow with less water and light in space, and they are looking for ways to make plants more resistant to disease. ____20____ Imagine that deserts may one day provide lots of fresh food for local people, saving transportation costs. Similarly, plants that are resistant to disease could provide an important food supply. With the world’s population now at seven billion (十亿) people, our astronaut gardeners may help discover ways to feed those billions. A. Every plant grown in space must have several uses. B. However there are challenges with growing plants in space. C. Such methods may result in improvements back here on Earth. D. The cost of taking anything into space is about $22,000 per kilogram. E. Specialized containers are being developed to help the plants grow correctly. F. Astronauts will welcome the addition of fruits and vegetables to their diet of dry foods. G. Currently all oxygen is taken aboard in tanks and then caught again so it can be reused. 三、完形填空：本大题共15小题，共15分。 When I was a young boy I was in a poor neighborhood as a foster (领养) child. I was ____21____ to spend lots of time alone. I would often wander the neighborhoods on my own and ____22____ to help rake (用耙子耙平) a yard, mow a lawn (割草), or wash some walls ____23____ some pocket money just to buy some clothes or candy. Once I knocked on the door of an elderly woman and asked if she needed her leaves raked in the yard. She asked why I was not in school and I ____24____ her my torn trousers and shoes, which were ____25____ and no longer keeping my feet warm and ____26____. And when I finished the work she gave me some ____27____. She said, “I want you to buy some trousers and new shoes and ____28____ school. I also want you to come back and ____29____ me with your report card and I will reward you when I see you have worked hard and have some good _____30_____.” I returned several times to see the woman in the corner house and she did just as she _____31_____. She looked at my report card and gave me a handful of dollars and a sandwich every time I _____32_____ showed her I had an “A” or “B”. And over the next couple of years, she continued to be this _____33_____ influence in my life as brief as it was and I never knew her name. I was twelve years old when I moved from that neighborhood into a different home, with another family. I will of course never _____34_____ the huge difference this wonderful stranger made over my life with her _____35_____. This is something I hope to do myself in this lifetime over and over again. 21. A. encouraged B. reminded C. allowed D. forced 22. A. happen B. decide C. continue D. offer 23. A. in exchange for B. in need of C. in terms of D. in return for 24. A. introduced B. showed C. brought D. left 25. A. ugly B. smelly C. worn D. strange 26. A. hidden B. cleaned C. presented D. protected 27. A. food B. money C. clothes D. drink 28. A. return to B. leave for C. turn off D. go by 29. A. challenge B. visit C. pay D. serve 30. A. words B. friends C. marks D. jobs 31. A. designed B. promised C. complained D. compared 32. A. nervously B. secretly C. proudly D. luckily 33. A. amusing B. doubtful C. indirect D. positive 34. A. believe B. forget C. consider D. understand 35. A. measurement B. situation C. instruction D. inspiration 第II卷（非选择题） 四、语法填空：本大题共1小题，共15分。 Located in a natural depression in Guizhou, China’s Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope, ___36___ (know) as FAST, has identified six pulsars (脉冲星) after one year of trial operation. It is the first time Chinese scientists have discovered pulsars using a radio telescope independently developed by Chinese scientists, thus ___37___ (open) a “new era of Chinese original space discovery.” It is truly encouraging for China to have achieved such results in just one year. Since the first pulsar ___38___ (discover), over 2,700 pulsars have been identified. But almost all of them are ___39___ the scope of the Milky Way. Being the world’s largest radio telescope, FAST is expected to capture pulsars outside the galaxy. Apart from the massive size, it also has unmatched accuracy and sensitivity, allowing scientists ___40___ (find) previously hidden stars. Moreover, FAST is capable of surveying the night sky for multiple ___41___ (science) data at once, ___42___ enables astronomers to jump-start many science goals. Its innovative engineering concept and design pave ___43___ new road to realize a huge single dish in the most effective way. China’s FAST science impact on astronomy will be extraordinary, and has the potential to revolutionize other ___44___ (area) of the natural sciences. It ____45____ (remain) the global leader for the next 10 to 20 years. 五、书面表达：本大题共1小题，共15分。 46. 随着人工智能技术的飞速发展，你班同学就“人工智能是否会取代人类工作”这个问题进行了激烈的讨论。有人认为，人工智能可以提高生产效率，解放人类从事更有价值的工作；也有人认为人工智能的广泛应用可能会导致大量失业，影响社会稳定。请你根据以上情况写一篇报告，并发表自己的观点。 写作内容要点： 1. 人工智能技术的发展现状。 2. 人工智能对工作和社会的影响。 3. 个人对人工智能未来发展的看法。 注意：(1)写作内容应包括以上全部要点，可适当发挥，使上下文连贯； (2)词数100左右。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 六、任务型读写：本大题共1小题，共25分。 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Inhabiting a modest hamlet the Meredith household found themselves amidst a period of economic downturn. During this time, a significant portion of the local populace faced unemployment, leading to widespread financial distress. Numerous families grappled with the daily struggle to sustain their livelihoods, and a sense of communal solidarity emerged as individuals endeavored to provide mutual support in the face of adversity. Among the residents of this community, Mrs. Meredith stood out as an epitome of benevolence and consideration. She dedicated considerable hours to engaging with those less fortunate, acutely aware of their plights and the diverse forms of assistance they required. Whenever feasible, she would extend her aid by delivering provisions and medical supplies to those in need. On a particular morning, Mrs. Meredith recounted to her offspring—John, Harry, and Clara—about a family she had encountered the previous day. The family was comprised of an indisposed patriarch confined to his bed, his spouse who, burdened with caregiving responsibilities, was unable to seek employment, and their young son. The boy, Bernard, had captured her interest significantly. She expressed a desire for her children to witness Bernard’s situation, highlighting his role as a significant support to his mother and his earnest desire to contribute financially, despite the apparent lack of opportunities. Once their mother departed, the siblings convened, contemplating Bernard’s predicament. Clara voiced her empathy, wishing to facilitate his financial independence, acknowledging the profound hardship endured by his family. Echoing her sentiments, Harry concurred, emphasizing the necessity of devising a strategy to alleviate their plight. Initially silent John eventually rose abruptly, exclaiming his inspiration. He proclaimed the conception of a plan that could be collaboratively executed to aid Bernard. His siblings, intrigued, eagerly awaited his proposal. John’s ideas were renowned for their ingenuity, and he proposed, “Consider the substantial crate of maize that Uncle John bestowed upon us. We could transform it into popcorn, package it in paper sacks, and empower Bernard to distribute and vend it throughout the neighborhood.” 注意： (1)续写词数应为150左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Para1: When Mrs. Meredith heard of John’s idea, she thought it was a good one, too. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Para2: With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 佛山市第六中学高二下期末质量检测考试 英语试题 姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 第I卷（选择题） 一、阅读理解：本大题共15小题，共37.5分。 A Embark on an exhilarating expedition across the ancient trade routes, commencing your 5-day odyssey from the heart of China to the vibrant lands of Central Asia. Day 1 in Turpan, China: Commence your journey in the oasis city of Turpan, where you will delve into the intricate Karez Well System — a testament to the ingenuity of ancient irrigation techniques that persist in their operational capacity to this day. As the sun sets on your inaugural day, retreat to the tranquility of a family-owned vineyard, where you can meander through the verdant vineyards, engaging in conversations with the hospitable locals to gain insights into their customary way of life. Day 2 in Urumqi, China: With the first light of dawn, set forth from Turpan to the bustling metropolis of Urumqi, the political epicenter of Xinjiang. Post a nourishing breakfast, immerse yourself in the cultural tapestry of the Xinjiang Museum, a treasure trove of diverse artworks, meticulously crafted handiworks, and historical artifacts. As you prepare to wing your way to Kashgar, seize the opportunity to amble through the vibrant Erdaoqiao Market, the most expansive marketplace in Xinjiang, teeming with a medley of goods. Day 3 in Kashgar, China: Devote this day to the leisurely exploration of Kashgar, commencing with a visit to the bustling Handicrafts Street, a cornucopia of artisanal treasures ranging from copper wares to metal and porcelain masterpieces. Pause for refreshment in a time-honored teahouse, where you can mingle with the convivial community, partaking in their animated dialogues and spirited dances. As the day draws to a close, retire to your lodgings for a rejuvenating night's rest in anticipation of the forthcoming voyage to Osh. Day 4 in Osh, Kyrgyzstan: Upon reaching the second city of Kyrgyzstan, Osh, immerse yourself in the National Historical and Archaeological Museum Complex, a repository of cultural artifacts, handiworks, and sculptures that narrate the region's storied past. Subsequently, venture to the Jayma Bazaar, the most expansive marketplace in Central Asia, whose origins are rooted in the bygone era of the Silk Road. Should your interest lie in the silken threads of history, inquire of your guide to lead you to the Yodgorlik Silk Factory, a sanctuary where the age-old manual silk-making process is preserved. Day 5 in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan: Conclude your journey with a serene morning train excursion, culminating in your arrival at Ashgabat, the capital of Turkmenistan. Dedicate the day to the exploration of the Parthian Fortresses of Nisa, a pivotal city from the Parthian Empire's early annals. As evening descends, return to the city to savor a meal and embark on an evening sojourn to the Ashgabat National Museum of History, where the chronicles of the nation are enshrined. 1. On which day can a tourist have a tea-tasting experience? A. Day 1. B. Day 2. C. Day 3. D. Day 4. 2. What does the tour in Urumqi and Osh have in common? A. Staying at a local farm. B. Shopping at a market. C. Visiting an ancient city. D. Dancing with local people. 3. Where can a tourist visit a museum in the evening? A. Turpan. B. Kashgar. C. Osh. D. Ashgabat. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍的是中国至中亚丝绸之路五日游的行程安排。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Day 3 Kashgar, China部分中的“Pause for refreshment in a time-honored teahouse, where you can mingle with the convivial community, partaking in their animated dialogues and spirited dances. (在一家历史悠久的茶馆里停下来喝点茶点，在那里你可以融入欢乐的社区，参与他们生动的对话和欢快的舞蹈。)”可知，第三天在喀什的时候，会在一家古老的茶馆休息，与当地人谈话跳舞，由此可知，第三天游客们可能有品茶体验。故选C项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Day 2 Urumqi, China部分中的“As you prepare to wing your way to Kashgar, seize the opportunity to amble through the vibrant Erdaoqiao Market, the most expansive marketplace in Xinjiang, teeming with a medley of goods. (当你准备飞向喀什时，抓住机会漫步在充满活力的二道桥市场，这是新疆最广阔的市场，商品琳琅满目。)”可知，在去喀什前可以去二道桥市场逛一逛，结合Day 4 Osh, Kyrgyzstan部分中的“Subsequently, venture to the Jayma Bazaar, the most expansive marketplace in Central Asia, whose origins are rooted in the bygone era of the Silk Road. (随后，您可以前往杰玛集市，这是中亚最广阔的市场，其起源可以追溯到丝绸之路的过去。)”可知，在吉尔吉斯斯坦的奥什，你可以去中亚最大的市场杰玛集市参观，综合以上信息可知，这两天的旅行的共同之处在于可以在市场购物。故选B项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据Day 5 Ashgabat, Turkmenistan部分中的“As evening descends, return to the city to savor a meal and embark on an evening sojourn to the Ashgabat National Museum of History, where the chronicles of the nation are enshrined. (夜幕降临，回到城市品尝一顿饭，晚上前往阿什哈巴德国家历史博物馆，那里供奉着国家的编年史。)”可知，游客可以在阿什哈巴德国晚上参观博物馆。故选D项。 B The concept of a space elevator, while once confined to the realm of science fiction, is gaining traction as a potential reality within the next few decades. This belief is not unfounded, but rather stems from the ongoing advancements in aerospace engineering and materials science. As an aerospace engineer and a physics professor, the allure of a space elevator — a colossal cable extending from Earth's surface into space, facilitating the transportation of both people and cargo — remains a compelling subject of study. In recent years, innovative approaches to design and engineering have surfaced, providing new insights into the feasibility and functionality of space elevators. The rationale for constructing a space elevator is multifaceted. Firstly it presents a significant opportunity for energy and cost efficiency, offering a more practical alternative to traditional rocket-based space travel. The economic and environmental benefits are substantial, as the space elevator would reduce the need for fuel-intensive rocket launches. Secondly, the space elevator would revolutionize accessibility to space. The term "space mission" could evolve into “transit”, reflecting the routine and weather-independent nature of space travel. This shift would not only make space travel safer for astronauts, mitigating the risks associated with rocket launches, but also open up the cosmos to a broader range of individuals and purposes. Moreover, the space elevator acts as a gateway to the solar system. By releasing a payload at different points along the elevator, one could achieve orbit around Earth or the sun, depending on the release point, all without the need for propulsion. While it may seem that I am an advocate for the space elevator, my true passion lies in the study of its mechanics and the potential it holds for our future. In a world facing numerous challenges, the pursuit of such ambitious projects allows us to dream of a time when humanity becomes responsible stewards of our planet, reaching for the stars while preserving our home. 4. What's the function of Paragraph 1? A. To introduce the topic. B. To set a background. C. To make a comparison. D. To give an example. 5. What does the underlined phrase "tinker with" mean in Paragraph 3? A. Abandon. B. Improve. C. Establish. D. Discuss. 6. What is the purpose of building a space elevator? A To please science fiction fans. B. To promote space tourism. C. To protect astronauts' safety. D. To make space travel easier. 7. What is the author's attitude towards space elevators? A. Unclear. B. Doubtful. C. Optimistic. D. Dismissive. 【答案】4. A 5. B 6. D 7. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了太空电梯的概念及其潜在的现实意义。文章讨论了太空电梯的设计、功能以及建造它的目的，并表达了作者对太空电梯的乐观态度。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The concept of a space elevator, while once confined to the realm of science fiction, is gaining traction as a potential reality within the next few decades.(太空电梯的概念，虽然曾经局限于科幻领域，但在未来几十年内正逐渐成为一种潜在的现实。)”可知，第一段的主要功能是引入主题，即太空电梯的概念及其潜在的现实意义。故选A项。 【5题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“The rationale for constructing a space elevator is multifaceted. Firstly, it presents a significant opportunity for energy and cost efficiency, offering a more practical alternative to traditional rocket-based space travel.(建造太空电梯的理由是多方面的。首先，它为能源和成本效率提供了一个重要的机会，提供了一个比传统的火箭太空旅行更实用的替代方案。)”可知，建造太空电梯的目的是为了提高能源和成本效率，提供一个更实用的替代方案。因此，“tinker with”在这里意味着“改进”，即改进传统的火箭太空旅行。故选B项。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Secondly, the space elevator would revolutionize accessibility to space. The term “space mission” could evolve into “transit,” reflecting the routine and weather-independent nature of space travel.(其次，太空电梯将彻底改变进入太空的方式。“太空任务”这个词可能会演变成“过境”，反映了太空旅行的日常性和不受天气影响的特性。)”可知，建造太空电梯的目的是为了使太空旅行变得更加容易和日常化。故选D项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“While it may seem that I am an advocate for the space elevator, my true passion lies in the study of its mechanics and the potential it holds for our future.(虽然看起来我是太空电梯的支持者，但我真正的热情在于研究它的机械原理和它对我们未来的潜力。)”可知，作者对太空电梯持乐观态度，认为它有巨大的潜力和价值。故选C项。 C We are currently experiencing an unprecedented era in the realm of space exploration, marked by a surge in the retrieval and study of celestial samples. This “golden age” is characterized by the active efforts of global space agencies to gather and analyze material from various celestial bodies, including asteroids, moons, and planets. China’s Chang’e 5 mission stands out as a recent triumph in this endeavor. On December 17, the Chang’e 5 lunar probe successfully concluded its journey by landing in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, as reported by China Daily. This mission, the first lunar sample-return endeavor since 1976, managed to secure an impressive 1,713 grams of lunar rocks and dust, utilizing advanced drilling technology and robotic arms. Similarly, on December 6, Japan’s Hayabusa 2 probe achieved a remarkable feat by returning a capsule filled with samples from the asteroid Ryugu. This marks the second instance of asteroid samples being collected and brought back to Earth, following the original Hayabusa spacecraft’s accomplishment in 2010. The momentum in this field is set to continue, with NASA’s OSIRIS-REx spacecraft anticipated to return to Earth in 2023, carrying samples from the asteroid Bennu. Additionally, Russia’s Lunar-25 mission is poised to launch in 2021, with the objective of collecting lunar samples. The significance of these sample-return missions cannot be overstated. They hold the potential to shed light on long-standing mysteries that have baffled scientists such as the origins of life and the emergence of water on Earth. As Ann Nguyen, a NASA planetary scientist, emphasizes, “I cannot emphasize enough how valuable return samples are for increasing our understanding of the origin and evolution of our solar system and our place in the universe, and how we came to be.” Upon arrival on Earth, these celestial samples undergo meticulous analysis using sophisticated instruments. These analyses can yield more detailed insights than what can be gleaned from photographs or robotic rovers alone. In the case of the Chang’e 5 lunar samples, scientists will employ a variety of analytical methods, tests, and experiments to determine the composition, structure, and physical properties of the lunar material. This comprehensive understanding will contribute to a deeper comprehension of the moon’s history and, by extension, the broader history of our solar system. Though we have only begun to explore the surface of these celestial bodies, both in a literal and figurative sense, the knowledge we have gained is already substantial. The journey of discovery is far from over, with a wealth of mysteries still waiting to be unveiled. 8. What do we know about the Chang’e 5 lunar probe? A. It was launched on Dec 17. B. It collected the world’s first lunar sample. C. It brought back 1,713 grams of lunar samples. D. It completed the most successful mission recently. 9. Which of the following collected the first asteroid samples? A. Hayabusa. B. Hayabusa 2. C. OSIRIS-REx. D. Russia’s Lunar-25. 10. What can the samples shed light on (阐明)? A. The origin of life. B. Structure of the solar system. C. Which celestial bodies have water. D. How water first appeared on the moon. 11. What will scientists do with the samples? A. Analyze them and conduct experiments. B. Determine their sources. C. Compare them with space photos. D. Scratch their surfaces. 【答案】8. C 9. A 10. A 11. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。介绍了当前全球太空机构在回收和研究天体样本方面的活跃努力。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“This mission, the first lunar sample-return endeavor since 1976, managed to secure an impressive 1,713 grams of lunar rocks and dust, utilizing advanced drilling technology and robotic arms.(这次任务是自1976年以来的第一次月球样本返回任务，利用先进的钻探技术和机械臂，成功地获得了令人印象深刻的1713克月球岩石和尘埃)”可知，嫦娥五号月球探测器带回了1713克月球样本。故选C。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“This marks the second instance of asteroid samples being collected and brought back to Earth, following the original Hayabusa spacecraft’s accomplishment in 2010.(这是继2010年第一次“隼鸟”号宇宙飞船之后，第二次收集并带回地球的小行星样本)”可知，隼鸟号收集了第一批小行星样本。故选A。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“They hold the potential to shed light on long-standing mysteries that have baffled scientists, such as the origins of life and the emergence of water on Earth.(它们有可能解开长期困扰科学家的谜团，比如生命的起源和地球上水的出现)”可知，这些样本能说明生命的起源。故选A。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In the case of the Chang’e 5 lunar samples, scientists will employ a variety of analytical methods, tests, and experiments to determine the composition, structure, and physical properties of the lunar material.(就嫦娥五号月球样本而言，科学家将采用各种分析方法、测试和实验来确定月球物质的组成、结构和物理性质)”可知，科学家们将分析这些样本并进行实验。故选A。 D Within the cinematic universe of “The Martian,” Matt Damon embodies the role of an astronaut who cultivates sustenance on the Martian terrain, a testament to human ingenuity in the face of isolation on the crimson celestial sphere. Following their cinematic enlightenment, Michael Allen, a physicist hailing from Washington State University, and Helen Joyner, a food scientist from the University of Idaho, resolved to initiate a pedagogical exploration. They devised an instructive scenario aimed at guiding students through the complex process of agricultural endeavor on the Martian surface. Envisioning themselves as interplanetary miners, students are tasked with devising a strategy for sustenance prior to embarking on their extraterrestrial expedition. Allen and Joyner proffer a proposal outlining the selection of crops and the enduring trials of cultivating them in the Martian environment over extended periods. Utilizing a scoring mechanism, students are challenged to identify and propagate three varieties of nourishment on the Martian terrain. Allen encountered a remarkable diversity in outcomes: among a cohort of thirty students, “there has not been a single instance of identical responses,” he remarked. Future Martian voyagers will, in all likelihood, be compelled to harness the native resources of the planet rather than transporting all necessities aboard a spacecraft. This implies the necessity of cultivating their own nourishment on an extraterrestrial sphere, one that boasts an ecosystem markedly divergent from that of Earth. One formidable impediment for prospective Martian habitués is the absence of agricultural implements. In congruence with actual astronauts, student participants in the study are precluded from amassing an extensive array of farming tools. As Joyner articulated to his student space explorers, “You commence your journey with a vacuum of resources.” Furthermore, students are confronted with the predicament of a severely restricted dietary selection. “Could I endure a diet confined to a single sustenance for the entirety of my existence?” posed Joyner. Nevertheless, Allen perceives the case study as transcending the realms of agriculture and nutrition on the Red Planet. “I am not imparting knowledge solely on the cultivation of food on Mars,” Allen declared. “I am imparting knowledge on coexistence with choices. I am imparting knowledge on the resolution of complex issues.” 12. In the case study, students have to ______. A. watch the movie to know the conditions on Mars B. decide which crop to grow on Mars with the help of the teachers C. design different types of diets on Mars for them to choose D. understand how to farm on Mars with their favorite farming tools 13. The underlined word “proposal” in the second paragraph can be replaced by ______ . A. exploration B. recommendation C. adventure D. movement 14. Michael Allen thinks that the case study ______ . A. increases students’ knowledge about farming B. helps student know more about Mars C. develops students’ skills of solving problems D. teaches students how to make proper choices 15 The passage is mainly intended ______. A. to describe a research on how to farm on Mars B. to prepare us to deal with problems on Mars C. to teach us how to survive on Mars alone D. to introduce a Hollywood movie, The Martian 【答案】12. B 13. B 14. C 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要说明了一项教育活动的内容、目的和实施细节，该活动受到电影《火星救援》的启发，旨在教育学生如何在模拟的火星环境中思考和实施农作物种植的策略。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“They devised an instructive scenario aimed at guiding students through the complex process of agricultural endeavor on the Martian surface. Envisioning themselves as interplanetary miners, students are tasked with devising a strategy for sustenance prior to embarking on their extraterrestrial expedition. Allen and Joyner proffer a proposal outlining the selection of crops and the enduring trials of cultivating them in the Martian environment over extended periods. (他们设计了一个有指导意义的场景，旨在引导学生了解火星表面农业生产的复杂过程。学生们设想自己是星际矿工，他们的任务是在开始他们的外星探险之前制定一个维持生计的策略。艾伦和乔伊纳提出了一个建议，概述了作物的选择，以及在火星环境中长时间种植这些作物的持久试验。)”可知，学生需要在老师的帮助下决定在火星上种植哪种作物。故选B项。 【13题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Envisioning themselves as interplanetary miners, students are tasked with devising a strategy for sustenance prior to embarking on their extraterrestrial expedition. Allen and Joyner proffer (学生们设想自己是星际矿工，他们的任务是在开始他们的外星探险之前制定一个维持生计的策略。艾伦和乔伊纳提出)”和“outlining the selection of crops and the enduring trials of cultivating them in the Martian environment over extended periods. (概述了作物的选择，以及在火星环境中长时间种植这些作物的持久试验。)”可知，两位教师为指导学生如何在火星表面进行农业尝试而提出介绍或建议，因此proposal的意思是“介绍或建议”。A. exploration探索；B. recommendation介绍，提议；C. adventure探险；D. movement运动。故选B项。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段““I am not imparting knowledge solely on the cultivation of food on Mars,” Allen declared. “I am imparting knowledge on coexistence with choices. I am imparting knowledge on the resolution of complex issues.” (“我传授的知识不仅仅是关于在火星上种植食物的，”艾伦宣称。“我在传授与选择共存的知识。我正在传授解决复杂问题的知识。”)”可知，迈克尔·艾伦认为这个案例研究培养学生解决问题的能力。故选C项。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第二段中的“Following their cinematic enlightenment, Michael Allen, a physicist hailing from Washington State University, and Helen Joyner, a food scientist from the University of Idaho, resolved to initiate a pedagogical exploration. They devised an instructive scenario aimed at guiding students through the complex process of agricultural endeavor on the Martian surface. (华盛顿州立大学的物理学家迈克尔·艾伦和爱达荷大学的食品科学家海伦·乔伊纳受到电影的启发，决定开始一项教学探索。他们设计了一个有指导意义的场景，旨在引导学生了解火星表面农业生产的复杂过程。)”可知，文章主要描述一项关于如何在火星上耕种的研究，该活动受到电影《火星救援》的启发，旨在教育学生如何在模拟的火星环境中思考和实施农作物种植的策略。故选A项。 二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共12.5分。 Gardening 380 Kilometers above Earth Astronauts have to go through physical, psychological, and technical training. They also go through training in how to care for plants. These “astronaut gardeners” share their work and living space with plants. Taking seeds and plants along on a trip isn’t a new idea. As space trips become longer, it will be necessary to grow food in space. ____16____ Because of this, it’s not practical to send everything needed for a long journey, only to be used once and thrown away. Plants can serve many uses on a space journey. They can provide more fresh things. ____17____ Also, plants can help to make air quality better because they produce oxygen. They can improve the quality of the air inside the spacecraft — the only air the astronauts can breathe. ____18____ Due to the lack of gravity in space, the oxygen that the plants produce stays around the plants. This can actually kill them, so fans are needed to circulate the air. Without gravity, roots don’t “know” to grow down, leaves don’t “know” to grow up, and water doesn’t easily travel up the roots to the leaves. ____19____ Besides, soil is too heavy to send to space, and special liquid gels (胶) are used to help plant growth. Scientists are also working on the plants themselves. They are trying to make plants grow more rapidly and grow with less water and light in space, and they are looking for ways to make plants more resistant to disease. ____20____ Imagine that deserts may one day provide lots of fresh food for local people, saving transportation costs. Similarly, plants that are resistant to disease could provide an important food supply. With the world’s population now at seven billion (十亿) people, our astronaut gardeners may help discover ways to feed those billions. A. Every plant grown in space must have several uses. B. However, there are challenges with growing plants in space. C. Such methods may result in improvements back here on Earth. D. The cost of taking anything into space is about $22,000 per kilogram. E. Specialized containers are being developed to help the plants grow correctly. F. Astronauts will welcome the addition of fruits and vegetables to their diet of dry foods. G. Currently all oxygen is taken aboard in tanks and then caught again so it can be reused. 【答案】16. D 17. F 18. B 19. E 20. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讨论了在太空中种植植物的必要性、面临的挑战以及科学家们正在进行的研究。 【16题详解】 前文“As space trips become longer, it will be necessary to grow food in space. (随着太空旅行时间的延长，在太空中种植食物将是必要的)”提到在太空中种植食物的必要性，后文“Because of this, it’s not practical to send everything needed for a long journey, only to be used once and thrown away. (正因为如此，把长途旅行所需的所有东西都送去，只使用一次就扔掉是不现实的)”提到送上太空的物资不能是一次性的，因此D项“The cost of taking anything into space is about $22,000 per kilogram. (将任何东西送入太空的成本约为每公斤2.2万美元)”与下文构成因果关系，指出送物资上太空成本高昂，承上启下，后文的this指代选项内容。故选D。 【17题详解】 前文“Plants can serve many uses on a space journey. They can provide more fresh things. (在太空旅行中，植物有多种用途。他们可以提供更多新鲜的东西)”指出太空中的植物用途很多，可以提供更多新鲜事物，F项“Astronauts will welcome the addition of fruits and vegetables to their diet of dry foods. (宇航员将欢迎在他们的干粮中添加水果和蔬菜)”指出宇航员会喜欢吃到新鲜水果和蔬菜，承接上文，继续阐述太空中植物的用途，符合语境。故选F。 【18题详解】 根据后文“Due to the lack of gravity in space, the oxygen that the plants produce stays around the plants. This can actually kill them, so fans are needed to circulate the air. Without gravity, roots don’t “know” to grow down, leaves don’t “know” to grow up, and water doesn’t easily travel up the roots to the leaves. (由于太空中缺乏重力，植物产生的氧气留在植物周围。这实际上会杀死它们，所以需要风扇来循环空气。没有重力，根‘不知道’向下生长，叶‘不知道’向上生长，水也不容易从根流向叶)”可知，在太空中种植植物面临各种挑战，如氧气的滞留、重力的缺失等；空处位于段首，是段落主旨句，应该与挑战相关；B项“However, there are challenges with growing plants in space. (然而，在太空中种植植物也存在挑战)”指出在太空中种植植物面临挑战，契合段落内容；上一段阐述太空植物的多种用途，B选项与上一段构成转折关系，符合语境。故选B。 【19题详解】 前文“Without gravity, roots don’t “know” to grow down, leaves don’t “know” to grow up, and water doesn’t easily travel up the roots to the leaves. (没有重力，根‘不知道’向下生长，叶‘不知道’向上生长，水也不容易从根流向叶)”指出由于缺乏重力，植物的根系和叶片生长方向会出现问题，因此E项“Specialized containers are being developed to help the plants grow correctly. (专门的容器正在开发，以帮助植物正确生长)”符合语境，指出需要特殊的容器来帮助植物正确生长，承接前文。故选E。 【20题详解】 前文“They are trying to make plants grow more rapidly and grow with less water and light in space, and they are looking for ways to make plants more resistant to disease. (他们正在努力使植物在太空中生长得更快，在更少的水和光的条件下生长，他们正在寻找使植物更抗病的方法)”提到科学家为了在太空中种植植物，围绕植物本身开展的各种研究，后文“Imagine that deserts may one day provide lots of fresh food for local people, saving transportation costs. Similarly, plants that are resistant to disease could provide an important food supply. (想象一下，有一天沙漠可能会为当地人提供大量新鲜食物，从而节省运输成本。同样，抗病的植物可以提供重要的食物供应)”提到这些研究应用于地球环境时带来的用处，因此C项“Such methods may result in improvements back here on Earth. (这些方法可能会在地球上带来改进)”符合语境，承上启下。故选C。 三、完形填空：本大题共15小题，共15分。 When I was a young boy I was in a poor neighborhood as a foster (领养) child. I was ____21____ to spend lots of time alone. I would often wander the neighborhoods on my own and ____22____ to help rake (用耙子耙平) a yard, mow a lawn (割草), or wash some walls ____23____ some pocket money just to buy some clothes or candy. Once I knocked on the door of an elderly woman and asked if she needed her leaves raked in the yard. She asked why I was not in school and I ____24____ her my torn trousers and shoes, which were ____25____ and no longer keeping my feet warm and ____26____. And when I finished the work she gave me some ____27____. She said, “I want you to buy some trousers and new shoes and ____28____ school. I also want you to come back and ____29____ me with your report card and I will reward you when I see you have worked hard and have some good _____30_____.” I returned several times to see the woman in the corner house and she did just as she _____31_____. She looked at my report card and gave me a handful of dollars and a sandwich every time I _____32_____ showed her I had an “A” or “B”. And over the next couple of years, she continued to be this _____33_____ influence in my life as brief as it was and I never knew her name. I was twelve years old when I moved from that neighborhood into a different home, with another family. I will of course never _____34_____ the huge difference this wonderful stranger made over my life with her _____35_____. This is something I hope to do myself in this lifetime over and over again. 21. A. encouraged B. reminded C. allowed D. forced 22. A. happen B. decide C. continue D. offer 23. A. in exchange for B. in need of C. in terms of D. in return for 24. A. introduced B. showed C. brought D. left 25. A. ugly B. smelly C. worn D. strange 26. A. hidden B. cleaned C. presented D. protected 27. A. food B. money C. clothes D. drink 28. A. return to B. leave for C. turn off D. go by 29. A. challenge B. visit C. pay D. serve 30. A. words B. friends C. marks D. jobs 31. A. designed B. promised C. complained D. compared 32. A. nervously B. secretly C. proudly D. luckily 33. A. amusing B. doubtful C. indirect D. positive 34. A. believe B. forget C. consider D. understand 35. A. measurement B. situation C. instruction D. inspiration 【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. C 31. B 32. C 33. D 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在一个陌生老太太的鼓励下变得越来越好的故事。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我被允许花很多时间独处。A. encouraged鼓励；B. reminded提醒；C. allowed允许；D. forced迫使。根据上文“When I was a young boy I was in a poor neighborhood as a foster child.(当我还是个小男孩的时候，我被寄养在一个贫穷的社区)”以及后文“to spend lots of time alone”可知，指作者被允许花时间独处。故选C。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我经常一个人在社区里闲逛，会主动提出帮忙耙院子，修剪草坪，或者洗墙，以换取一些零用钱，只是为了买一些衣服或糖果。A. happen发生；B. decide决定；C. continue继续；D. offer提出。根据“to help rake (用耙子耙平) a yard, mow a lawn (割草), or wash some walls”可知，作者会主动提出做事，来换取零用钱。故选D。 【23题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：我经常一个人在社区里闲逛，会主动提出帮忙耙院子，修剪草坪，或者洗墙，以换取一些零用钱，只是为了买一些衣服或糖果。A. in exchange for作为回报；B. in need of需要；C. in terms of就……而言；D. in return for作为交换。根据后文“some pocket money”可知，作者帮忙耙院子，修剪草坪，或者洗墙，以换取一些零用钱，故选A。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她问我为什么没来上学，我给她看了我破旧的裤子和鞋子，它们已经不再保暖和保护我的脚了。A. introduced介绍；B. showed展示；C. brought带来；D. left离开。根据后文“her my torn trousers and shoes”可知，作者给女人看自己破旧的裤子和鞋子，故选B。 【25题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她问我为什么没来上学，我给她看了我破旧的裤子和鞋子，它们已经不再保暖和保护我的脚了。A. ugly丑陋的；B. smelly发臭的；C. worn用旧的；D. strange奇怪的。根据上文“my torn trousers and shoes”可知，裤子和鞋子都破旧了。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她问我为什么没来上学，我给她看了我破旧的裤子和鞋子，它们已经不再保暖和保护我的脚了。A. hidden隐藏；B. cleaned清理；C. presented赠送；D. protected保护。根据上文“and no longer keeping my feet warm and”可知，裤子和鞋子都破旧了，已经不再保暖和保护脚了。故选D。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我完成工作时，她给了我一些钱。A. food食物；B. money金钱；C. clothes衣服；D. drink饮料。根据后文“I want you to buy some trousers and new shoes”可知，女人给了作者钱。故选B。 【28题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：她说：“我想让你买一些裤子和新鞋子，然后回到学校。”A. return to返回；B. leave for出发去；C. turn off关闭；D. go by经过。根据后文“me with your report card”可知，女人想要作者回到学校，带回成绩单。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我还想让你回来给我你的成绩单，当我看到你努力学习并取得好成绩时，我会奖励你的。A. challenge挑战；B. visit拜访；C. pay支付，偿还；D. serve服务。根据后文“me with your report card and I will reward you”可知，女人让作者把成绩单作为回报。故选C。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我还想让你回来给我你成绩单，当我看到你努力学习并取得好成绩时，我会奖励你的。A. words话语；B. friends朋友；C. marks分数；D. jobs工作。根据上文“me with your report card”可知，女人想要看到作者的好成绩。故选C。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我回去看了几次街角房子里的那个女人，她就像她承诺的那样做了。A. designed设计；B. promised承诺；C. complained投诉；D. compared比较。根据后文“gave me a handful of dollars and a sandwich”可知，女人遵守承诺，奖励了作者。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：她看着我的成绩单，每次我骄傲地给她看我得了“A”或“B”，她就给我一把美元和一个三明治。A. nervously紧张地；B. secretly秘密地；C. proudly骄傲地；D. luckily幸运地。根据后文“showed her I had an “A” or “B”.”可知，作者取得了好成绩，很骄傲。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几年里，她继续对我的生活产生积极的影响，尽管时间很短，我从来不知道她的名字。A. amusing有趣的；B. doubtful怀疑的；C. indirect间接的；D. positive积极的。根据后文“this wonderful stranger”可知，女人让作者成绩优异，是积极的影响。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我当然不会忘记这个奇妙的陌生人用她的鼓舞给我的生活带来的巨大变化。A. believe相信；B. forget忘记；C. consider考虑；D. understand理解。根据后文“the huge difference this wonderful stranger made over my life”指作者不会忘记女人带给自己生活的影响。故选B。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我当然不会忘记这个奇妙的陌生人用她的鼓舞给我的生活带来的巨大变化。A. measurement测量结果；B. situation情况；C. instruction指示；D. inspiration鼓舞。根据上文“She looked at my report card and gave me a handful of dollars and a sandwich every time”可知，女人通过让作者取得好成绩，奖励作者来带给作者鼓舞。故选D。 第II卷（非选择题） 四、语法填空：本大题共1小题，共15分。 Located in a natural depression in Guizhou, China’s Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope, ___36___ (know) as FAST, has identified six pulsars (脉冲星) after one year of trial operation. It is the first time Chinese scientists have discovered pulsars using a radio telescope independently developed by Chinese scientists, thus ___37___ (open) a “new era of Chinese original space discovery.” It is truly encouraging for China to have achieved such results in just one year. Since the first pulsar ___38___ (discover), over 2,700 pulsars have been identified. But almost all of them are ___39___ the scope of the Milky Way. Being the world’s largest radio telescope, FAST is expected to capture pulsars outside the galaxy. Apart from the massive size, it also has unmatched accuracy and sensitivity, allowing scientists ___40___ (find) previously hidden stars. Moreover, FAST is capable of surveying the night sky for multiple ___41___ (science) data at once, ___42___ enables astronomers to jump-start many science goals. Its innovative engineering concept and design pave ___43___ new road to realize a huge single dish in the most effective way. China’s FAST science impact on astronomy will be extraordinary, and has the potential to revolutionize other ___44___ (area) of the natural sciences. It ____45____ (remain) the global leader for the next 10 to 20 years. 【答案】36. known 37. opening 38. was discovered 39. in##within 40. to find 41. scientific 42. which 43. a 44. areas 45. will remain 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章报道了中国科学家第一次使用自主研发的射电望远镜发现确定了六颗脉冲星。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的500米口径球形射电望远镜位于贵州的一个天然洼地，被称为FAST，经过一年的试运行，已经识别出六颗脉冲星。分析句子可知，Spherical Radio Telescope是主语，has identified是谓语，空处与谓语动词之间无连词连接，故空处应填动词非谓语形式，且know与逻辑主语是被动关系，用过去分词作定语。故填known。 【37题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这是中国科学家第一次使用中国科学家自主研发的射电望远镜发现脉冲星，从而开启了“中国原创空间发现的新纪元”。分析句子可知，本句已有系动词is且无连词，空处应填非谓语动词，该空是前面整句话造成的自然而然、意料之中的结果，此处用现在分词作结果状语。故填opening。 【38题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：自从第一颗脉冲星被发现以来，已经有超过2700颗脉冲星被确认。分析句子可知，此处since是连词引导时间状语从句，从句应用一般过去时，表事情已发生，而the first pulsar是主语且为单数形式，和空处是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was discovered。 【39题详解】 考查介词。句意：但几乎所有的脉冲星都在银河系范围内。分析句子可知，空处前是are，空处后是名词短语the scope，故空处应填介词，结合句意可知，此处表示“在银河系范围内”，应用介词in或within。故填in/within。 【40题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：除了巨大的体积，它还具有无与伦比的精确度和灵敏度，让科学家们能够找到以前隐藏的恒星。分析句子可知，此处考查固定结构allow sb. to do sth.，意为“允许某人做某事”，空处应用动词不定式作宾补。故填to find。 【41题详解】 考查形容词。句意：此外，FAST能够同时测量夜空以获取多种科学数据，这使天文学家能够启动许多科学目标。分析句子可知，空处应用形容词作定语修饰名词data，scientific意为“科学的”。故填scientific。 【42题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：此外，FAST能够同时测量夜空以获取多种科学数据，这使天文学家能够启动许多科学目标。分析句子可知，此处考查引导非限制性定语从句的关系词，关系词指代前面整个句子，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 【43题详解】 考查冠词。句意：其创新的工程概念和设计为以最有效的方式实现巨大的单碟铺平了新的道路。分析句子可知，空处后的road是单数可数名词，此处表示泛指，且new发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 【44题详解】 考查名词。句意：中国的FAST科学对天文学的影响将是非同寻常的，并有可能给自然科学的其他领域带来一场革命。分析句子可知，空处前的other为形容词，意为“其他的”，其后跟的可数名词用复数形式，area是可数名词，应用复数形式。故填areas。 【45题详解】 考查时态。句意：在未来10到20年内，它仍将保持全球领先地位。根据句中时间状语the next 10 to 20 years可知，空处应用一般将来时，即will do 结构。故填will remain。 五、书面表达：本大题共1小题，共15分。 46. 随着人工智能技术的飞速发展，你班同学就“人工智能是否会取代人类工作”这个问题进行了激烈的讨论。有人认为，人工智能可以提高生产效率，解放人类从事更有价值的工作；也有人认为人工智能的广泛应用可能会导致大量失业，影响社会稳定。请你根据以上情况写一篇报告，并发表自己的观点。 写作内容要点： 1. 人工智能技术的发展现状。 2. 人工智能对工作和社会的影响。 3. 个人对人工智能未来发展的看法。 注意：(1)写作内容应包括以上全部要点，可适当发挥，使上下文连贯； (2)词数100左右。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Recently we have held a heated discussion about the problem whether mankind would be replaced by artificial intelligence. Different people have different opinions about it. Some people hold the view that AI will not only improve the production efficiency but also free humanity for more valuable work in our daily life. While other people argue that the wide use of artificial intelligence may lead to a large number of unemployment and affect social stability. From my point of view, it is very necessary for human to develop artificial intelligence in the future. Because it not only can provide the world with many different benefits, but also can solve people’s short-term and long-term problems. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就“人工智能是否会取代人类工作”这个问题的讨论写一篇报告，并发表自己的观点。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 最近：recently→ currently 观点：opinion→ perspective 提高：improve→ enhance 应用：use→ application 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：From my point of view, it is very necessary for human to develop artificial intelligence in the future. 拓展句：From my point of view, what is very necessary for human is to develop artificial intelligence in the future. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Some people hold the view that AI will not only improve the production efficiency but also free humanity for more valuable work in our daily life.（运用了that引导的同位语从句） 【高分句型2】While other people argue that the wide use of artificial intelligence may lead to a large number of unemployment and affect social stability.（运用了that引导的宾语从句） 六、任务型读写：本大题共1小题，共25分。 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Inhabiting a modest hamlet, the Meredith household found themselves amidst a period of economic downturn. During this time, a significant portion of the local populace faced unemployment, leading to widespread financial distress. Numerous families grappled with the daily struggle to sustain their livelihoods, and a sense of communal solidarity emerged as individuals endeavored to provide mutual support in the face of adversity. Among the residents of this community, Mrs. Meredith stood out as an epitome of benevolence and consideration. She dedicated considerable hours to engaging with those less fortunate, acutely aware of their plights and the diverse forms of assistance they required. Whenever feasible, she would extend her aid by delivering provisions and medical supplies to those in need. On a particular morning, Mrs. Meredith recounted to her offspring—John, Harry, and Clara—about a family she had encountered the previous day. The family was comprised of an indisposed patriarch confined to his bed, his spouse who, burdened with caregiving responsibilities, was unable to seek employment, and their young son. The boy, Bernard, had captured her interest significantly. She expressed a desire for her children to witness Bernard’s situation, highlighting his role as a significant support to his mother and his earnest desire to contribute financially, despite the apparent lack of opportunities. Once their mother departed, the siblings convened, contemplating Bernard’s predicament. Clara voiced her empathy, wishing to facilitate his financial independence, acknowledging the profound hardship endured by his family. Echoing her sentiments, Harry concurred, emphasizing the necessity of devising a strategy to alleviate their plight. Initially silent, John eventually rose abruptly, exclaiming his inspiration. He proclaimed the conception of a plan that could be collaboratively executed to aid Bernard. His siblings, intrigued, eagerly awaited his proposal. John’s ideas were renowned for their ingenuity, and he proposed, “Consider the substantial crate of maize that Uncle John bestowed upon us. We could transform it into popcorn, package it in paper sacks, and empower Bernard to distribute and vend it throughout the neighborhood.” 注意： (1)续写词数应为150左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Para1: When Mrs. Meredith heard of John’s idea, she thought it was a good one, too. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Para2: With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Para1: When Mrs. Meredith heard of John’s idea, she thought it was a good one, too. She commended her children for their compassion and innovative thinking, recognizing the potential impact of the proposed endeavor. With heartfelt gratitude, she assisted them in refining the plan, suggesting ways to streamline the popcorn production process and enhance its marketability. Together, they worked tirelessly, transforming the crate of maize into batches of savory popcorn, meticulously packaging them for distribution. Mrs. Meredith marveled at her children's unity, determination, and unwavering commitment to aiding those in need. Para2: With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business. Empowered by the support and guidance of the Meredith siblings, Bernard embarked on his venture with a sense of purpose and optimism. Armed with bags of freshly made popcorn, he traversed the neighborhood, introducing his product with infectious enthusiasm. The community responded warmly to his initiative, moved by his resilience and earnest efforts to contribute to his family’s well-being. As word of mouth spread, Bernard’s popcorn business flourished, bringing not just financial relief but also a renewed sense of hope and camaraderie to all those involved. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开。梅雷迪斯一家住在一个小村庄，正经历经济萧条，当地许多人失业，家庭生计困难，社区间互帮互助。梅雷迪斯夫人尤其乐善好施，常援助贫困家庭。一天，她向孩子们讲述了一位名叫伯纳德的小孩，他家境贫寒却渴望帮助母亲分担。孩子们被触动，决定采取行动。约翰提议将叔叔赠送的一箱玉米制成爆米花，包装后让伯纳德在社区售卖，以此来帮助他家改善经济状况。 【详解】1.段落续写 ①由第一段句首内容“当梅雷迪斯夫人听到约翰的主意时，她也认为这是个好主意。”可知，第一段可以描写梅雷迪斯夫人对约翰计划的支持和可能的行动。 ②由第二段句首内容“一切准备就绪后，伯纳德开始了他的新事业。”可知，第二段可以描写伯纳德开始新生意的情景和他的感受。 2.续写线索：是个好主意—制做爆米花—开始新事业—反应热烈—生意兴隆 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①赞扬：commend/praise ②建议：suggest/propose ③使感动： move/touch 情绪类 ①感激：gratitude/appreciation ②希望：hope/expectation 【点睛】【高分句型1】She commended her children for their compassion and innovative thinking, recognizing the potential impact of the proposed endeavor. ( 运用了现在分词recognizing作状语) 【高分句型2】Together, they worked tirelessly, transforming the crate of maize into batches of savory popcorn, meticulously packaging them for distribution. ( 运用了现在分词transforming作状语、现在分词packaging作状语) 【高分句型3】Empowered by the support and guidance of the Meredith siblings, Bernard embarked on his venture with a sense of purpose and optimism. (运用了过去分词Empowered作状语) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$