精品解析：福建省泉州市丰泽区安溪一中，惠安一中，养正中学，泉州实验中2023-2024学年高二下学期7月期末英语试题

安溪一中、养正中学、惠安一中、泉州实验中学 2023-2024学年高二下学期期末联考 考试科目：英语 满分：150分 考试时间：120分钟 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. Which language can Robert speak well A. Russian. B. German. C. French. 2. What are the speakers probably talking about? A. A tour. B. A movie. C. A friend. 3. What is the time now? A About 10:05. B. About 10:10. C. About 10:15. 4. Where is the woman? A. On a flight. B. In China. C. At home. 5. What does the man own? A. The flat. B. The car. C. The furniture. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What does the woman say about buying the car? A. She doesn’t like the car B. The price is not reasonable. C. She doesn’t have enough money. 7. Why does the man want to talk with the manager. A. To get the price down another $500. B. To get the price down another $1,000. C. To get the price down another $2,000. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. What will the speakers probably do in the morning. A. Pat in the restaurant. B. Go to the local beach. C. Go to the amusement park. 9. Where is the Natural History. Museum? A. Near the beach. B. Next to the restaurant. C. By the amusement park. 10. What does the woman think of watching the sun go down? A. It’s relaxing. B. It’s wonderful. C. It’s impossible. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11 Who is the man? A. The interviewer B. The manager. C. The shop owner. 12. What does the man say about the job? A. It is interesting. B. It is well paid. C. It is poorly paid. 13. What do we know about the woman getting the job? A. She will not get the job. B. She has already got the job. C. She will probably get the job. 听第9段材料、回答第14至17题。 14 When does he girt think about seeing a movie A. On Wednesday morning. B. On Wednesday evening. C. On Wednesday after school. 15. Why doesn’t the man let the girl go to a movie Friday night? A. The girl has piano lessons. B. The girl has to babysit. C. The show time is too late. 16 Which movie showing can the girl see? A. The five o’clock showing. B. The seven o’clock showing. C. The nine o’clock showing. 17. When does the conversation probably take place? A. On Monday. B. On Wednesday. C. On Thursday. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18. When do swallows return? A. At the end of March. B. At the beginning of summer. C. On the same date of the year. 19. Where are swallows in December? A. In Argentina. B. In San Diego. C. In San Juan Capistrano. 20. Why are people happy when robins return? A. They can watch birds again. B. They know spring is coming. C. They know there will be snow soon. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Whether you’re hiking through Yellowstone or camping in the Ozarks, choosing the best backpacking stove (炉子) to take with you can make a big difference. Read on for some of our top picks. Soto Windmaster 4Flex Backpackers love its convenient built-in igniter (点火器), powerful heat output, and four-pronged (四管的) pot stabilizer, which provides a more stable platform for cooking than three-pronged stoves. Buy it now at REI Solo Stove Titan The Solo Titan burns twigs, pine cones, leaves, and any other biofuels you may find out in nature, offering a safe and natural alternative to burning gas. The Titan is considered mid-size, ideal for cooking for several people. Buy it now at SoloStove Fire Maple Star X2 Cooking System Based on hundreds of reviews, hikers say they’re impressed by this gas-powered stove’s easy setup. The Star X2 also features Heat Exchange Technology, which the company says provides superior wind-resistance in different weather environments, helping to reduce overall boil time. Buy it now on Amazon Soto Amicus Weighing just 2.9 ounces, the Soto Amicus is well known for its light weight and attractive appearance. Multiple Amazon reviewers praise this backpacking stove’s easy setup and four integrated pot stabilizers, which create a stable base for cooking in the wilderness. Buy it now on Amazon or REI 1. Which stove suits you best if you want a quick meal? A. Soto Amicus. B. Solo Stove Titan. C. Soto Windmaster 4Flex. D. Fire Maple Star X2 Cooking System. 2. What feature do Soto Windmaster 4Flex and Soto Amicus have in common? A. Easy setup. B. Wind resistance. C. Relative stability. D. Attractive appearance. 3. What is the text? A. An adventure travel report. B. An outdoor travel guide. C. An advertisement for facilities. D. A cookbook for easy meals. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四种背包式的炉灶。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Fire Maple Star X2 Cooking System部分中“The Star X2 also features Heat Exchange Technology, which the company says provides superior wind-resistance in different weather environments, helping to reduce overall boil time. (Star X2还采用了热交换技术，该公司表示，该技术在不同的天气环境下提供了卓越的抗风能力，有助于缩短整体煮沸时间。)”可知，如果你想快速用餐，火枫之星X2烹饪系统这种炉子最适合你。故选D项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Soto Windmaster 4Flex部分中“Backpackers love its convenient built-in igniter (点火器), powerful heat output, and four-pronged (四管的) pot stabilizer, which provides a more stable platform for cooking than three-pronged stoves. (背包客喜欢它方便的内置点火器，强大的热量输出，以及四叉锅稳定器，它提供了一个比三叉炉更稳定的烹饪平台。)”和Soto Amicus部分中“Multiple Amazon reviewers praise this backpacking stove’s easy setup and four integrated pot stabilizers, which create a stable base for cooking in the wilderness. (多名亚马逊评论者称赞这款背包式炉灶安装方便，还有四个集成的锅稳定器，为野外烹饪创造了一个稳定的基础。)”可知，Soto Windmaster 4Flex和Soto Amicus的共同之处是它们都有相对稳定性。故选C项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，根据第一段“Whether you’re hiking through Yellowstone or camping in the Ozarks, choosing the best backpacking stove (炉子) to take with you can make a big difference. Read on for some of our top picks. (无论你是徒步穿越黄石公园还是在奥扎克露营，选择最好的背包式的炉子可以带来很大的不同。请继续阅读我们的一些最佳选择。)”可知，本篇文章是一个设施广告。故选C项。 B As a mushroom scientist, you are vastly outnumbered, with estimates suggesting that there are between 2.2 million and 3.8 million species of fungi (真菌), the majority of which are yet to be identified. However, professionals in the field are not alone in their efforts to uncover new species. An enthusiastic community of amateurs has emerged, bridging the gap between professionals and non-professionals. These amateurs have even made significant discoveries. One such amateur is Taylor Lockwood, a 74-year-old mushroom enthusiast and professional photographer. In 1984, while living on the Mendocino coast of California, Taylor Lockwood developed a fascination with mushrooms. “Outside my cottage were these amazing mushrooms,” he says. “And it was as if these mushrooms looked at me and said, ‘Taylor, go out and tell the world how pretty we are.’” Lockwood answered their call and purchased camera equipment to capture their true nature. His passion for photographing mushrooms was so intense that he would even dig holes next to the mushrooms to get the perfect angle for his shots. In the Monongahela National Forest, Taylor Lockwood discovered an unusual mushroom that looked like tiny fingers wearing off-white gloves. Upon deeper investigation, fungi researcher Amy Rossman confirmed that it was a “hazel glove” mushroom, which is a rare find. “Mushrooms are not like plants,” Rossman says. “They don’t come up at the same time every year, and so sometimes it can be decades between when a fungus fruits.” Rossman says that’s why it’s so valuable to have people like Taylor Lockwood searching through the forest with a trained eye. A few years ago, Taylor Lockwood realized that still photos weren’t sufficient, so he chose to create time-lapse (延时拍摄的) videos of mushrooms. “When I do time-lapse, I see so much life happening around the mushrooms—insects, worms and other small creatures interacting with them,” he says. Lockwood’s love for art is evident in his approach to filming mushrooms over time. Although he appreciates the scientific aspect of his work, he identifies himself as an artist at heart. 4. What can we learn about mushroom amateurs from paragraph 1? A. They keep close track of the growth of fungi. B. They help identify new species of mushroom. C. They replace professional scientists in the field. D. They classify the majority of mushroom species. 5. What inspired Lockwood to photograph mushrooms? A. His desire for knowledge. B. His curiosity about nature. C. The beauty of nearby mushrooms. D. The appeal of outdoor photography. 6. Which of the following best describes Lockwood according to paragraph 3? A. Skilled and observant. B. Focused and flexible. C. Talented and optimistic. D. Organized and responsible. 7. Why did Lockwood decide to make time-lapse videos of mushrooms? A. To improve his photography techniques. B. To capture dynamic life in an artistic way. C. To collect biological data for deeper research. D. To use a new approach to scientific studies. 【答案】4. B 5. C 6. A 7. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Taylor Lockwood，一名蘑菇爱好者和摄影师，在真菌学领域做出了重大贡献。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“However, professionals in the field are not alone in their efforts to uncover new species. An enthusiastic community of amateurs has emerged, bridging the gap between professionals and non-professionals. These amateurs have even made significant discoveries.(然而，在发现新物种的努力中，该领域的专业人士并不孤单。一个热情的业余爱好者社区已经出现，弥合了专业人士和非专业人士之间的差距。这些业余爱好者甚至有了重大发现。)”可知，蘑菇爱好者们在探索新真菌品种方面有重大发现，故选B项。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“In 1984, while living on the Mendocino coast of California, Taylor Lockwood developed a fascination with mushrooms. “Outside my cottage were these amazing mushrooms,” he says. “And it was as if these mushrooms looked at me and said, ‘Taylor, go out and tell the world how pretty we are.’” (1984年，泰勒·洛克伍德(Taylor Lockwood)住在加利福尼亚州的门多西诺海岸，对蘑菇产生了浓厚的兴趣。“我的小屋外面有这些神奇的蘑菇，”他说。“就好像这些蘑菇看着我说，‘泰勒，出去告诉世界我们有多漂亮。’”)”可知，小屋附近蘑菇的美让Taylor决定用相机去拍摄它们，故选C项。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“In the Monongahela National Forest, Taylor Lockwood discovered an unusual mushroom that looked like tiny fingers wearing off-white gloves. (在莫农加希拉国家森林，泰勒·洛克伍德(Taylor Lockwood)发现了一种不寻常的蘑菇，看起来像戴着灰白色手套的小手指。)”可知，Taylor在森林里发现了稀有的蘑菇品种，再结合第三段中“They don’t come up at the same time every year, and so sometimes it can be decades between when a fungus fruits.” Rossman says that’s why it’s so valuable to have people like Taylor Lockwood searching through the forest with a trained eye. (“它们不会每年在同一时间出现，所以有时真菌结出果实之间可能需要几十年的时间。”罗斯曼说，这就是为什么像泰勒·洛克伍德这样的人用训练有素的眼睛在森林中搜索如此有价值的原因。)”可推知，Taylor是一个有经验且善于观察的人，故选A项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““When I do time-lapse, I see so much life happening around the mushrooms—insects, worms and other small creatures interacting with them,” he says. Lockwood’s love for art is evident in his approach to filming mushrooms over time. Although he appreciates the scientific aspect of his work, he identifies himself as an artist at heart. (“当我进行延时摄影时，我看到蘑菇周围发生了很多生命——昆虫、蠕虫和其他小生物与它们互动，”他说。洛克伍德对艺术的热爱体现在他随着时间的推移拍摄蘑菇的方法上。尽管他欣赏自己作品的科学方面，但他将自己视为内心的艺术家。)”可推知，Taylor决定拍摄蘑菇的延时视频是为了以艺术的方式捕捉动态生活，故选B项。 C A new study led by researchers at the Yale School of Public Health finds air pollution may negatively impact standardized test scores. Using data from the North Carolina Education Research Data Center, the researchers tracked 2.8 million public school students in North Carolina from 2001 to 2018 and measured their exposure to PM 2.5 found in polluted air. While previous research has shown negative effects on academic performance, it has relied on relatively small or less representative samples. “The biggest strength of this study is that we tracked every student in North Carolina in those years. For the whole time period that they were in the public schools,” said Emma Zang, coauthor of the study. The study also finds that test scores of ethnic minorities and girls are disproportionately (不成比例地) impacted by PM2.5 levels. “Females and ethnic minorities face sexism and racism,” said Zang. “If there were policies friendly to them currently, they would have the resources to lessen the negative influences.” More privileged populations, however, might have more resources that allow them to live in a better environment, such as in houses with air purifiers. “The level of PM2.5 pollution in the US is relatively low, but students living in areas below the current air quality standard of annual PM2.5 concentration are still negatively impacted by air pollution when it comes to their test scores,” said Zang. “We should aim to strengthen the annual PM2.5 standard to better protect our children.” Air pollution is known to contribute to disease and death, and it also negatively affects students’ academic performance even at low levels of pollution. The subsequent studies, the researchers said, would involve looking at whether the findings hold true in different areas, and also the reasons behind the ethnic and sexual differences. 8. What’s the greatest advantage of the study? A. Tracking each student for 18 years. B. Collecting more comprehensive data. C. Measuring students’ PM2.5 exposure precisely. D. Building links between air pollution and test scores. 9. According to Zang, ethnic minorities and girls____. A. have policies friendly to them currency B. benefit from current policies on PM2.5 pollution C. lack resources to reduce the impact of air pollution D. have the lowest test scores due to their special identities 10. What’s Zang doing in paragraph 3? A. Giving a prediction. B. Raising a doubt. C. Making a comparison. D. Offering a suggestion. 11. What might be the focus of the follow-up studies? A. Applicability of the findings to other regions. B. Ways to address racial and sexual differences. C. Long-term impacts of air pollution on children. D. Establishment of PM2.5 standard fit for children. 【答案】8. B 9. C 10. D 11. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了耶鲁大学公共卫生学院的研究人员领导的一项新研究发现，空气污染可能会对标准化考试成绩产生负面影响。文章介绍了研究的具体发现以及相应的应对建议。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的““The biggest strength of this study is that we tracked every student in North Carolina in those years. For the whole time period that they were in the public schools,” said Emma Zang, coauthor of the study. (该研究的合著者Emma Zang说：“这项研究最大的优势在于，我们追踪了北卡罗来纳州那些年的每一位学生，追踪了他们在公立学校上学的整个时间。”)”可知，这项研究最大的优势是收集了更全面的数据。故选B。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The study also finds that test scores of ethnic minorities and girls are disproportionately (不成比例地) impacted by PM2.5 levels. “Females and ethnic minorities face sexism and racism,” said Zang. “If there were policies friendly to them currently, they would have the resources to lessen the negative influences.” More privileged populations, however, might have more resources that allow them to live in a better environment, such as in houses with air purifiers. (该研究还发现，少数族群和女孩的考试成绩不成比例地受到PM2.5水平的影响。“女性和少数族群面临着性别歧视和种族主义，”臧说。“如果目前有对他们友好的政策，他们就会有资源来减轻负面影响。”然而，更有特权的人群可能拥有更多的资源，可以让他们生活在更好的环境中，比如有空气净化器的房子。)”可知，少数族群和女孩缺乏减少空气污染影响的资源。故选C。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段““The level of PM2.5 pollution in the US is relatively low, but students living in areas below the current air quality standard of annual PM2.5 concentration are still negatively impacted by air pollution when it comes to their test scores,” said Zang. “We should aim to strengthen the annual PM2.5 standard to better protect our children.” (“美国的PM2.5污染水平相对较低，但生活在低于当前PM2.5年空气质量标准地区的学生，在考试成绩方面仍然受到空气污染的负面影响，”臧说。“我们应该致力于提高PM2.5年度标准，以更好地保护我们的孩子。”)”可知，臧在第三段提供建议。故选D。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The subsequent studies, the researchers said, would involve looking at whether the findings hold true in different areas, and also the reasons behind the ethnic and sexual differences. (研究人员表示，随后的研究将考察这些发现是否在不同地区也成立，以及探究造成种族和性别差异背后的原因。)”可推知，后续研究的重点可能是调查结果对其他区域的适用性。故选A。 D People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It’s not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between supporters of each theory. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature/nurture”. Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts (本能). Supporters of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. E. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, human beings remain unchanged unless stimulated by the environmental factors. The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” supporters to conclude that blacks are genetically inferior to whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do. Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain. 12. What will the supporters of the “nurture” theory agree with? A. Peter loves talking to strangers because he is friendly. B. Peter loves maths because his father is a maths professor. C. Peter loves detective stories because he enjoys suspense and thrill. D. Peter loves tea because his mother gave it to him since childhood. 13 The underlined word “mechanistic” in paragraph 4 means ________. A. flexible B. rigid C. common D. new 14. Why did the author cite the blacks in the US as an example? A. He wanted to show how the theories have deeply affected the society. B. He tried to prove that both theories need further discussion and research. C. He intended to demonstrate why the blacks need more education and support. D. He attempted to introduce the result of intelligence tests from blacks and whites. 15. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To introduce some theories. B. To stress genetic factors. C. To solve a racial problem. D. To give further suggestions. 【答案】12. D 13. B 14. A 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了人的性格与行为模式是如何形成的，以及是什么决定了每个人的性格行为与他人不同。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Supporters of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. (“后天培养”理论的支持者，或者他们通常被称为行为主义者，声称我们的环境比我们基于生物学的本能更重要，决定我们将如何行动。)”可知，Peter爱茶是因为他母亲从小就给他茶，这是环境因素的影响，符合“后天培养”理论支持者的观点，即环境在塑造行为方面起着更重要的作用。故选D项。 13题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段中“The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, human beings remain unchanged unless stimulated by the environmental factors.(行为主义者对人类的看法是相当……；他们认为，就像机器一样，除非受到环境因素的刺激，否则人类不会改变。)”可知，人类像机器一样，除非受到环境因素的刺激否则保持不变，意味着这种观点是僵化的、刻板的。划线单词mechanistic意思为“机械论的；僵化的”，故选B项。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests.(这两种理论的社会和政治影响是深远的。例如，在美国，黑人在标准化智力测试中的得分往往低于白人。)”可知，作者提到美国黑人在标准化智力测试中得分低于白人的例子，是为了说明这两种理论的社会和政治影响是深远的。故选A项。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed.(目前还没有明确的答案，但关于这个问题已经形成了两种截然不同的思想流派。)”可知，作者的目的是介绍关于人的个性和行为形成的两种不同的理论，即“天性”理论和“后天培养”理论，并阐述了它们的观点和影响。故选A项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Helena Blumen, a cognitive (认知的) scientist, says the complicated mental multi-tasking that dancing requires engages various parts of the brain at the same time, leading to the strengthening of neural (神经系统的) connections across different regions. ____16____. “It’s socially, cognitively and physically demanding,” she says. Anyone who’s ever felt the irresistible urge to dance to a favorite song knows that combining music and movement can lift your mood and melt away stress. But there’s a lot more happening in your brain when you’re trying to follow even the easiest choreography (编舞). ____17____. Tasks like getting around the kitchen or walking to the bus stop can become more attainable if regarded as choreography. To learn how the mechanisms of dancing work in the brain, researchers conducted MRI scans on older adults who engaged in either dance or a traditional exercise program over six months. ____18____, the dancers grew more white and gray matter in the parts of the brain responsible for cognitive processes. The researchers assume that these brain changes contribute to more neuroplasticity, the brain’s ability to form new connections and pathways. ____19____. Brain plasticity is similar to the city’s ability to build new roads, repair old ones or even change the direction of traffic based on how often the routes are used and what the city needs. ____20____. A Finnish study of people with severe brain injuries showed that dance-based recovery might improve mobility, cognition and overall well-being. Additionally, research shows that dancing can reduce the risk of brain-related diseases such as dementia (痴呆). A. Moreover, dancing can help prevent brain injuries B. In addition to the physical and neurological benefits C. The effect extends beyond dancing to the real world D. While both groups improved their level of physical fitness E. Dancing might even help people with brain injuries and diseases F. Imagine your brain is like a city with loads of roads and pathways G. Basically, dancing requires more brain power than commonly believed 【答案】16. G 17. C 18. D 19. F 20. E 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章讲述了跳舞对大脑的好处。 【16题详解】 根据上文“Helena Blumen, a cognitive (认知的) scientist, says the complicated mental multi-tasking that dancing requires engages various parts of the brain at the same time, leading to the strengthening of neural (神经系统的) connections across different regions.(认知科学家海伦娜·布鲁门说，跳舞需要复杂的多任务处理，同时涉及大脑的各个部分，导致不同区域的神经连接得到加强。)”说明的是跳舞需要很多脑力活动，可知，设空处进一步说明跳舞需要更多能力。选项G. Basically, dancing requires more brain power than commonly believed (基本上，跳舞比通常认为的需要更多的脑力)能够承接上文。故选G。 【17题详解】 根据上文“Anyone who’s ever felt the irresistible urge to dance to a favorite song knows that combining music and movement can lift your mood and melt away stress. But there’s a lot more happening in your brain when you’re trying to follow even the easiest choreography (编舞).(任何曾经有过想随着喜欢的歌曲跳舞的不可抗拒的冲动的人都知道，音乐和动作的结合可以提升你的情绪，消除压力。但当你试图跟随最简单的舞蹈编排时，你的大脑会发生更多的事情。)”以及下文“Tasks like getting around the kitchen or walking to the bus stop can become more attainable if regarded as choreography. (像绕着厨房走一圈或走到公交车站这样的任务，如果被视为舞蹈，就会变得更容易实现。)”可知，设空处进一步说明舞蹈产生的效果在我们的生活中的体现。选项C. The effect extends beyond dancing to the real world (这种效果从舞蹈延伸到现实世界)能够承上启下，下文中是舞蹈延伸到现实中的举例。故选C。 【18题详解】 根据上文“To learn how the mechanisms of dancing work in the brain, researchers conducted MRI scans on older adults who engaged in either dance or a traditional exercise program over six months.(为了了解舞蹈在大脑中的工作机制，研究人员对参加舞蹈或传统锻炼项目的老年人进行了核磁共振扫描，时间超过6个月。)”以及下文“the dancers grew more white and gray matter in the parts of the brain responsible for cognitive processes.(跳舞的人大脑中负责认知过程的部分增加了更多的白质和灰质。)”可知，设空处应进一步说明的是研究的结果。选项D. While both groups improved their level of physical fitness(虽然两组人的身体健康水平都有所提高)说明的是研究结果，且与下文相呼应，选项D能够承上启下。故选D。 【19题详解】 根据上文“The researchers assume that these brain changes contribute to more neuroplasticity, the brain’s ability to form new connections and pathways.(研究人员认为，这些大脑变化有助于增强神经可塑性，即大脑形成新连接和通路的能力。)”以及下文“Brain plasticity is similar to the city’s ability to build new roads, repair old ones or even change the direction of traffic based on how often the routes are used and what the city needs.(大脑的可塑性类似于城市根据路线的使用频率和城市的需求来修建新道路、修复旧道路甚至改变交通方向的能力。)”可知，设空处进一步说明大脑的可塑性，引出下文大脑的可塑性类似于城市的路线。选项F. Imagine your brain is like a city with loads of roads and pathways (想象一下，你的大脑就像一座有很多道路和小路的城市)能够承上启下。故选F。 【20题详解】 根据下文“A Finnish study of people with severe brain injuries showed that dance-based recovery might improve mobility, cognition and overall well-being.(芬兰一项针对严重脑损伤患者的研究表明，以舞蹈为基础的康复可能会改善活动能力、认知能力和整体幸福感。)”以及空格处为本段的主题句，可知设空处总体说明的是跳舞对脑损伤和脑疾病的好处。选项E. Dancing might even help people with brain injuries and diseases (跳舞甚至可以帮助患有脑损伤和疾病的人)能够作为本段的主题句，引出下文。故选E。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Jose Moncayo found himself dealing with a traffic ticket at the Utah County courthouse. Normally, that’s a situation you face alone, but not when you’re a(n) ____21____ dad with a two-year-old daughter named Abi. He tried to find a babysitter but came up ____22____. When the courtroom doors invited Jose inside, he faced an impossible choice. Abi couldn’t ____23____ him, and he couldn’t leave her alone. That’s when, like a(n) ____24____ from a heartwarming movie, policeman Kevin Norris entered the scene. Norris had been ____25____ the two while waiting to give his own testimony (证词). Seeing their trouble, he didn’t ___26___ to offer a helping hand, ____27____ volunteering to babysit Abi. He didn’t just ____28____ her; he made sure her time was enjoyable. They explored the building together. What could have been a(n) ____29____ situation for Abi turned into a day filled with _____30_____ and kindness. When Jose finally _____31_____ from the courtroom, he was met with a heartwarming _____32_____: his daughter sound asleep in the arms of the officer. _____33_____ the experience, Norris summed it up, “We’re not just officers who are out there to _____34_____ people. We’re also there to make our community a better place.” In a world sometimes _____35_____ by negativity, this story shines as a lighthouse of hope and reminds us that small acts of kindness can make the world a warmer, better place. 21. A. experienced B. committed C. entertaining D. inspiring 22. A. empty-handed B. warm-hearted C. carefree D. bittersweet 23. A. recognize B. persuade C. consult D. accompany 24. A. appointment B. movement C. character D. soundtrack 25. A. encouraging B. recording C. requesting D. observing 26. A. hesitate B. ignore C. hurry D. guarantee 27. A. financially B. generously C. unwillingly D. purposefully 28. A. bring up B. look for C. watch over D. take in 29. A. stressful B. dangerous C. urgent D. merciful 30. A. shelter B. adventure C. competition D. bravery 31. A. escaped B. benefited C. emerged D. disappeared 32. A. behavior B. sentence C. sight D. phenomenon 33. A. Reflecting on B. Touched by C. Thankful for D. Making up 34. A. disturb B. arrest C. assist D. educate 35. A. refused B. destroyed C. changed D. clouded 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要文章讲述了Jose Moncayo在法庭面临无人照顾女儿的困境时，警察Kevin Norris伸出援手帮忙照顾孩子的温暖故事，展现了人与人之间的善良，传递出在消极的世界中，小小的善举也能带来温暖和希望，让世界变得更美好这一积极的主题。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通常，这是一个你独自面对的情况，但当你是一个有一个两岁女儿名叫Abi的尽职尽责的父亲时，就不是这样了。A. experienced有经验的；B. committed尽职尽责的；C. entertaining有趣的，令人愉快的。D. inspiring鼓舞人心的。根据下文“He tried to find a babysitter”可知，他是个尽职尽责的父亲，故选B项。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他试图找一个保姆，但一无所获。A. empty-handed一无所获的；B. warm-hearted热心肠的；C. carefree无忧无虑的；D. bittersweet苦乐参半的。根据前文“ He tried to find a babysitter”和表示转折的but可知，他没有找到保姆，即一无所获，故选A项。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Abi不能陪他（上法庭），他也不能把她单独留下。A. recognize认出；识别；B. persuade劝说；C. consult咨询；D. accompany陪伴。根据上文“ a two-year-old daughter named Abi”可知，两岁的女儿不能陪着父亲进法庭，故选D项。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，就像一部温馨电影中的角色一样，警察凯文诺瑞斯登场了。A. appointment任命，约定；B. movement运动，活动；C. character角色；D. soundtrack电影配乐。根据“like a(n) ____4____ from a heartwarming movie, policeman Kevin Norris entered the scene.”可知，此处是把警察比作电影中的角色，故选C项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：诺瑞斯在等着自己作证的时候一直在观察着他们两人。A. encouraging鼓励；B. recording记录；C. requesting请求；D. observing观察。根据下文“Seeing their trouble”可知，警察Norris在观察着他们两个人，故选D项。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：看到他们的困境，他毫不犹豫地伸出了援助之手，慷慨地自愿帮忙照顾Abi。A. hesitate犹豫；B. ignore忽视；C. hurry匆忙；D. guarantee保证。根据下文“to offer a helping hand”及“volunteering to babysit Abi”可知，诺瑞斯毫不犹豫的伸出援助之手，故选A项。 【27题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：看到他们的困境，他毫不犹豫地伸出了援助之手，慷慨地自愿帮忙照顾Abi。A. financially财政上；B. generously慷慨地；C. unwillingly不情愿地；D. purposefully有目的地。根据“volunteering to babysit Abi”可知，警察Norris自愿帮忙照顾孩子，是慷慨地，故选B项。 【28题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他不只是照看她，还确保她过得愉快。A. bring up抚养，提出；B. look for寻找；C. watch over照看；D. take in吸收，理解。根据上文“ volunteering to babysit Abi”可知，这里是说照顾孩子，故选C项。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对Abi来说，原本可能是充满压力的情况变成了充满冒险和善意的一天。A. stressful有压力的；B. dangerous危险的；C. urgent紧急的；D. merciful仁慈的。根据上文提到Jose只能自己进法庭，把孩子单独留在外面可知，这对孩子来说原本是有压力的情况，故选A项。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对Abi来说，原本可能是充满压力的情况变成了充满冒险和善意的一天。A. shelter庇护所；B. adventure冒险；C. competition竞争；D. bravery勇敢。根据“They explored the building together.”可知，警察诺瑞斯陪着艾比一起探索了整座大楼，是充满冒险的一天，故选B项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Jose终于从法庭出来时，他看到了一个令人心动的景象：他的女儿在警官的怀里睡着了。A. escaped逃跑；B. benefited受益；C. emerged出现，浮现；D. disappeared消失。根据“he was met with a heartwarming 　　　12　　: his daughter sound asleep in the arms of the officer. ”可知，Jose从法庭出来了，故选C项。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当Jose终于从法庭出来时，他看到了一个令人心动的景象：他的女儿在警官的怀里睡着了。A. behavior行为；B. sentence句子，审判；C. sight景象，场景；D. phenomenon现象。根据下文“his daughter sound asleep in the arms of the officer.”可知，此处是在描述女儿躺在警官怀里睡着的场景，故选C项。 【33题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：回顾这段经历，Norris总结道“我们不仅仅是在外面逮捕人的警察。”A. Reflecting on回顾，思考；B. Touched by被……感动；C. Thankful for对……感谢；D. Making up编造，组成。根据下文“Norris summed it up”可知，Norris是在回顾经历，故选A项。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：回顾这段经历，Norris总结道“我们不仅仅是在外面逮捕人的警察。”A. disturb打扰；B. arrest逮捕；C. assist帮助；D. educate教育。根据上文“policeman Kevin Norris entered the scene”可知，警察的职责之一是逮捕违法之人，故选B项。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一个有时被消极情绪笼罩的世界里，这个故事像希望的灯塔一样闪耀着光芒，并提醒我们，小小的善举可以使世界变得更温暖、更美好。A. refused拒绝；B. destroyed破坏；C. changed改变；D. clouded使阴暗，使迷糊。根据“this story shines as a lighthouse of hope and reminds us that small acts of kindness can make the world a warmer,”可知，这个故事在一个被消极情绪笼罩的世界里像希望的灯塔一样，此处是指被负面情绪笼罩的意思，故选D项。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Wild lands across Africa are home to many rare, threatened, and endangered species. Having recognized their extraordinary value and ____36____ (preserve) their ecological wealth, the UNESCO classified some of these sites ____37____ World Hertage sites. Unfortunately, the ecological integrity of many significant landscapes is under the influence of human activity. Let’s take the example of Ethiopia’s Simien Mountains National Park. In 1996 when it entered the list of World Heritage In Danger, ____38____ increasing number of human settlements around the park over the years, ____39____ (couple) with unsustainable farming practices and overgrazing (过度放牧), had worsened the conditions of all important wildlife habitats. Fortunately, in 2000, the authority of Ethiopia announced that it ____40____ (take) measures to change the current situation. In 2017, the park made history with its ____41____ (remove) from the list, a significant and remarkable achievement of the Government of Ethiopia. By then various efforts ____42____ (devote) to achieving this. In 2003, the Government reestablished the limits of the park, adding the Mesarerya and Limalimo Wildlife Reserves. ____43____ (effect) community-driven conservation strategies are instrumental in preventing further ecological loss. The authorities have developed a grazing strategy ____44____ aim is to greatly reduce the grazing pressure on the park. Plus, alternative livelihoods through tourism assisted communities _____45_____ (huge) in developing conservation-friendly economies in the landscape. 【答案】36. to preserve 37. as 38. an 39. coupled 40. would take 41. removal 42. had been devoted 43. Effective 44. whose 45. hugely 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。主要讲的是埃塞俄比亚的塞米恩国家公园曾面临威胁，在政府和民众的共同努力下，该公园得到了很好的保护，最终被移出《濒危世界遗产名录》。 【36题详解】 考查不定式。句意：联合国教科文组织认识到它们的非凡价值，并为保护它们的生态财富，将其中一些遗址列为也界遗产。根据句意可知，空处表示目的，应用不定式表目的，故填to preserve。 【37题详解】 考查介词。句意：联合国教科文组织认识到它们的非凡价值，并为保护它们的生态财富，将其中一些遗址列为世界遗产。联合国教科文组织将其中一些遗址列为世界遗产，“将……列为”是classify…as…，空处是介词as，故填as。 【38题详解】 考查冠词。句意：1996年，当它被列入世界濒危遗产名录时，多年来公园周围的人类住区数量不断增加，加上不可持续的耕作方式和过度放牧，使所有重要的野生动物栖息地的状况恶化。根据语境可知，此处表示“越来越多的人类定居点”，an increasing number of意为“越来越多的”，因此空格处是不定冠词an，故填an。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：1996年，当它被列入世界濒危遗产名录时，多年来公园周围的人类住区数量不断增加，加上不可持续的耕作方式和过度放牧，使所有重要的野生动物栖息地的状况恶化。句中已有谓语had worsened，空处应为非谓语动词，increasing number of human settlements around the park over the years与couple之间为逻辑动宾关系，空处应为过去分词表示被动，故填coupled。 【40题详解】 考查过去将来时。句意：幸运的是，埃塞俄比亚当局在2000年宣布将采取措施改变目前的状况。主句是一般过去时，从句动作未发生，空处应为过去将来时，故填would take。 【41题详解】 考查名词。句意：然而，在2017年，该公园从名单上删除，创造了历史，这是埃塞俄比亚政府取得的一项重大而非凡的成就。its后跟名词，remove的名词是removal，意为“移走，去掉”，是不可数名词，故填removal。 【42题详解】 考查时态和被动语态。句意：到那时为止，已经为实现这一目标作出了各种努力。be devoted to doing是固定短语，意为“致力于做某事”，由By then可知，句子表示在过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，时态用过去完成时，因此空格处是had been devoted。故填had been devoted。 【43题详解】 考查形容词。句意：有效的社区驱动的保护策略有助于防止进一步的生态损失。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰“community-driven conservation strategies”，句子表示“有效的社区驱动的保护策略有助于防止进一步的生态损失”，空格处意为“有效的”，形容词是effective，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Effective。 【44题详解】 考查定语从句，句意：当局已经制定了一项放牧策略，其目的是大大减少公园的放牧压力。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，strategy和aim之间是所属关系，因此空格处用表所属的关系代词whose引导定语从句，故填whose。 【45题详解】 考查副词。句意：此外，通过旅游业的替代生计极大地帮助了社区在景观方面发展保护型经济。空格处用副词修饰动词assist，故填hugely。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 （满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，近期你在图书馆借阅图书时，发现一些问题。请你给图书管理员写一封信，内容包括： (1) 有人看书会聊天，垃圾没带走；归还书时需排长队 (2) 提出解决方法。 注意： (1) 写作词数应为80个左右； (2) 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Sir or Madam, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Sir or Madam, I’m Li Hua. Recently, I found some problems when borrowing books in the library. Some people chat while reading and leave their garbage. Also, there is always a long queue when returning books. I suggest putting up some signs to remind readers to keep quiet and take away the garbage. For example, the signs could say “Please keep silent”, which can effectively make them aware of the need for quietness. We could also have a volunteer patrol the area from time to time to enforce the quiet rule. To solve the problem of the long queue for returning books, more staff could be arranged to handle the returns during peak hours. Or a self-service book return machine could be installed to speed up the process. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给图书管理员写一封信反应在图书馆借阅图书时发现的问题，并提出建议。 【详解】1.词汇积累 建议：suggest→propose 处理：handle→manage 安排：arranged→organized 安装：installed→set up 2.句式拓展 同义句替换 原句：I suggest putting up some signs to remind readers to keep quiet and take away the garbage. 同义句：I suggest that some signs (should) be put up to remind readers to keep quiet and take away the garbage. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Recently, I found some problems when borrowing books in the library. (运用了when引导的时间状语从句的省略) 【高分句型2】For example, the signs could say “Please keep silent”, which can effectively make them aware of the need for quietness. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 第二节 （满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Mai Lin wasn’t doing well enough at school, or at least she wasn’t satisfied with herself. She wished she could do better. “Let’s review the material we learned in the last unit,” the history teacher said. “Who can tell us what caused the War of 1812?” Mai Lin sat at her desk, staring ahead. She hoped the teacher wouldn’t call her name. They hadn’t studied the War of 1812 at her old school and she didn’t know the answer. “Alison?” the teacher asked instead. Oh, perfect, Mai Lin thought. Of course Alison would have the answer. She seemed to have all the answers. Alison was the most popular girl in school – always surrounded by millions of boyfriends, best friends, and others. She was like a brilliant sun. Mai Lin hadn’t made one or two friends of her own so far. Her old school was small and low-key, but a shy person like Mai Lin had a chance there. This new school, however, seemed as big as an airport to Mai Lin, and it seemed very hard to get around in it. She still got lost sometimes in the school. Mai Lin frowned (皱眉) as Alison answered the teacher’s question. Alison probably never got lost, Mai Lin thought to herself. You could probably put Alison down in the middle of a desert, and within five minutes she’d be able to tell you the best way to get home. History class finally ended, and Mai Lin headed for the gym. The class had been playing basketball. Alison, who was as tall and thin and attractive as a tree, was very good at it. Beside her, Mai Lin felt like a very small and foolish ant. Today, however, the gym teacher pointed to a thick rope hanging from the ceiling and said, “Everybody! You’re going to climb this rope today.” 注意： 1.续写词数应为 150 左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Hearing the teacher’s words, Mai Lin smiled. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Mai Lin stepped forward and got close to the rope. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Paragraph 1: Hearing the teacher’s words, Mai Lin smiled. She knew what was coming. They’d done lots of physical fitness training at her old school and she was quite good at rope climbing. “Who’s first?” the teacher asked. “Alison?” To Mai Lin’s surprise, Alison turned as pale as the moon and shook her head. “She’s scared,” Mai Lin thought. “Perfect Alison was scared.” Suddenly Mai Lin heard her own voice saying, “I’ll do it.” Alison looked up at Mai Lin in great surprise, and all the other classmates seemed surprised, too. The teacher nodded and told Mai Lin to climb. Paragraph 2: Mai Lin stepped forward and got close to the rope. She appeared calm but was extremely excited. She climbed the rope very fast and reached the ceiling within what seemed a few seconds, effortlessly. As she reached the top, she glanced down at her fellow students below. Now it was Alison who appeared like a small ant. She saw Alison looking up, eyes wide with admiration. Mai Lin clung to the top of the rope for a moment longer and then headed down to join the class. Once she got on the ground, everybody cheered. Mai Lin knew she would be different from that day on. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了麦琳从一个不起眼的小学校转到一所新的很大的学校，看到优秀同学艾莉森的表现后，感到不自信。一天，体育课上老师要求大家攀爬绳子。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“听到老师的话，麦琳笑了。”可知，第一段可描写麦琳找到了自己擅长的项目并勇敢表现自己。 ②由第二段首句内容“麦琳向前迈了一步，靠近了绳子。”可知，第二段可描写成功爬上绳子后，麦琳找回了自信。 2.续写线索：艾莉森感到害怕——麦琳毛遂自荐——成功爬上绳子——麦琳找回自信 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①攀登：climb/scale ②向前走：step forward/walk forward ③紧握不放：cling to/hold onto/grasp 情绪类 ①害怕的：scared/frightened ②吃惊的：surprised/shocked 【点睛】[高分句型1] She knew what was coming.(运用了what引导的宾语从句) [高分句型2] As she reached the top, she glanced down at her fellow students below.(运用了as引导的时间状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 安溪一中、养正中学、惠安一中、泉州实验中学 2023-2024学年高二下学期期末联考 考试科目：英语 满分：150分 考试时间：120分钟 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. Which language can Robert speak well A. Russian. B. German. C. French. 2. What are the speakers probably talking about? A. A tour. B. A movie. C. A friend. 3. What is the time now? A About 10:05 B. About 10:10. C. About 10:15. 4. Where is the woman? A. On a flight. B. In China. C. At home. 5. What does the man own? A. The flat. B. The car. C. The furniture. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What does the woman say about buying the car? A. She doesn’t like the car B. The price is not reasonable. C. She doesn’t have enough money. 7. Why does the man want to talk with the manager. A. To get the price down another $500. B. To get the price down another $1,000. C. To get the price down another $2,000. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. What will the speakers probably do in the morning. A. Pat in the restaurant. B. Go to the local beach. C. Go to the amusement park. 9. Where is the Natural History. Museum? A. Near the beach. B. Next to the restaurant. C. By the amusement park. 10. What does the woman think of watching the sun go down? A. It’s relaxing. B. It’s wonderful. C. It’s impossible. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. Who is the man? A. The interviewer B. The manager. C. The shop owner. 12. What does the man say about the job? A. It is interesting. B. It is well paid. C. It is poorly paid. 13. What do we know about the woman getting the job? A. She will not get the job. B. She has already got the job. C. She will probably get the job. 听第9段材料、回答第14至17题。 14. When does he girt think about seeing a movie A. On Wednesday morning. B. On Wednesday evening. C. On Wednesday after school. 15. Why doesn’t the man let the girl go to a movie Friday night? A. The girl has piano lessons. B. The girl has to babysit. C. The show time is too late. 16. Which movie showing can the girl see? A. The five o’clock showing. B. The seven o’clock showing. C. The nine o’clock showing. 17. When does the conversation probably take place? A. On Monday. B. On Wednesday. C. On Thursday. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18. When do swallows return? A. At the end of March. B. At the beginning of summer. C. On the same date of the year. 19. Where are swallows in December? A. In Argentina. B. In San Diego. C. In San Juan Capistrano. 20. Why are people happy when robins return? A. They can watch birds again. B. They know spring is coming. C. They know there will be snow soon. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Whether you’re hiking through Yellowstone or camping in the Ozarks, choosing the best backpacking stove (炉子) to take with you can make a big difference. Read on for some of our top picks. Soto Windmaster 4Flex Backpackers love its convenient built-in igniter (点火器), powerful heat output, and four-pronged (四管的) pot stabilizer, which provides a more stable platform for cooking than three-pronged stoves. Buy it now at REI Solo Stove Titan The Solo Titan burns twigs, pine cones, leaves, and any other biofuels you may find out in nature, offering a safe and natural alternative to burning gas. The Titan is considered mid-size, ideal for cooking for several people. Buy it now at SoloStove Fire Maple Star X2 Cooking System Based on hundreds of reviews, hikers say they’re impressed by this gas-powered stove’s easy setup. The Star X2 also features Heat Exchange Technology, which the company says provides superior wind-resistance in different weather environments, helping to reduce overall boil time. Buy it now on Amazon Soto Amicus Weighing just 2.9 ounces, the Soto Amicus is well known for its light weight and attractive appearance. Multiple Amazon reviewers praise this backpacking stove’s easy setup and four integrated pot stabilizers, which create a stable base for cooking in the wilderness. Buy it now on Amazon or REI 1. Which stove suits you best if you want a quick meal? A. Soto Amicus. B. Solo Stove Titan. C. Soto Windmaster 4Flex. D. Fire Maple Star X2 Cooking System. 2. What feature do Soto Windmaster 4Flex and Soto Amicus have in common? A. Easy setup. B. Wind resistance. C. Relative stability. D. Attractive appearance. 3. What is the text? A. An adventure travel report. B. An outdoor travel guide. C. An advertisement for facilities. D. A cookbook for easy meals. B As a mushroom scientist, you are vastly outnumbered, with estimates suggesting that there are between 2.2 million and 3.8 million species of fungi (真菌), the majority of which are yet to be identified. However, professionals in the field are not alone in their efforts to uncover new species. An enthusiastic community of amateurs has emerged, bridging the gap between professionals and non-professionals. These amateurs have even made significant discoveries. One such amateur is Taylor Lockwood, a 74-year-old mushroom enthusiast and professional photographer. In 1984, while living on the Mendocino coast of California, Taylor Lockwood developed a fascination with mushrooms. “Outside my cottage were these amazing mushrooms,” he says. “And it was as if these mushrooms looked at me and said, ‘Taylor, go out and tell the world how pretty we are.’” Lockwood answered their call and purchased camera equipment to capture their true nature. His passion for photographing mushrooms was so intense that he would even dig holes next to the mushrooms to get the perfect angle for his shots. In the Monongahela National Forest, Taylor Lockwood discovered an unusual mushroom that looked like tiny fingers wearing off-white gloves. Upon deeper investigation, fungi researcher Amy Rossman confirmed that it was a “hazel glove” mushroom, which is a rare find. “Mushrooms are not like plants,” Rossman says. “They don’t come up at the same time every year, and so sometimes it can be decades between when a fungus fruits.” Rossman says that’s why it’s so valuable to have people like Taylor Lockwood searching through the forest with a trained eye. A few years ago, Taylor Lockwood realized that still photos weren’t sufficient, so he chose to create time-lapse (延时拍摄的) videos of mushrooms. “When I do time-lapse, I see so much life happening around the mushrooms—insects, worms and other small creatures interacting with them,” he says. Lockwood’s love for art is evident in his approach to filming mushrooms over time. Although he appreciates the scientific aspect of his work, he identifies himself as an artist at heart. 4. What can we learn about mushroom amateurs from paragraph 1? A. They keep close track of the growth of fungi. B. They help identify new species of mushroom. C. They replace professional scientists in the field. D. They classify the majority of mushroom species. 5 What inspired Lockwood to photograph mushrooms? A. His desire for knowledge. B. His curiosity about nature. C. The beauty of nearby mushrooms. D. The appeal of outdoor photography. 6. Which of the following best describes Lockwood according to paragraph 3? A. Skilled and observant. B. Focused and flexible. C. Talented and optimistic. D. Organized and responsible. 7. Why did Lockwood decide to make time-lapse videos of mushrooms? A. To improve his photography techniques. B. To capture dynamic life in an artistic way. C. To collect biological data for deeper research. D. To use a new approach to scientific studies. C A new study led by researchers at the Yale School of Public Health finds air pollution may negatively impact standardized test scores. Using data from the North Carolina Education Research Data Center, the researchers tracked 2.8 million public school students in North Carolina from 2001 to 2018 and measured their exposure to PM 2.5 found in polluted air. While previous research has shown negative effects on academic performance, it has relied on relatively small or less representative samples. “The biggest strength of this study is that we tracked every student in North Carolina in those years. For the whole time period that they were in the public schools,” said Emma Zang, coauthor of the study. The study also finds that test scores of ethnic minorities and girls are disproportionately (不成比例地) impacted by PM2.5 levels. “Females and ethnic minorities face sexism and racism,” said Zang. “If there were policies friendly to them currently, they would have the resources to lessen the negative influences.” More privileged populations, however, might have more resources that allow them to live in a better environment, such as in houses with air purifiers. “The level of PM2.5 pollution in the US is relatively low, but students living in areas below the current air quality standard of annual PM2.5 concentration are still negatively impacted by air pollution when it comes to their test scores,” said Zang. “We should aim to strengthen the annual PM2.5 standard to better protect our children.” Air pollution is known to contribute to disease and death, and it also negatively affects students’ academic performance even at low levels of pollution. The subsequent studies, the researchers said, would involve looking at whether the findings hold true in different areas, and also the reasons behind the ethnic and sexual differences. 8. What’s the greatest advantage of the study? A. Tracking each student for 18 years. B. Collecting more comprehensive data. C. Measuring students’ PM2.5 exposure precisely. D. Building links between air pollution and test scores. 9. According to Zang, ethnic minorities and girls____. A have policies friendly to them currency B. benefit from current policies on PM2.5 pollution C. lack resources to reduce the impact of air pollution D. have the lowest test scores due to their special identities 10. What’s Zang doing in paragraph 3? A. Giving a prediction. B. Raising a doubt. C. Making a comparison. D. Offering a suggestion. 11. What might be the focus of the follow-up studies? A. Applicability of the findings to other regions. B. Ways to address racial and sexual differences. C. Long-term impacts of air pollution on children. D. Establishment of PM2.5 standard fit for children. D People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It’s not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between supporters of each theory. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature/nurture”. Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts (本能). Supporters of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. E. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, human beings remain unchanged unless stimulated by the environmental factors. The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” supporters to conclude that blacks are genetically inferior to whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do. Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain. 12. What will the supporters of the “nurture” theory agree with? A. Peter loves talking to strangers because he is friendly. B. Peter loves maths because his father is a maths professor. C. Peter loves detective stories because he enjoys suspense and thrill. D. Peter loves tea because his mother gave it to him since childhood. 13. The underlined word “mechanistic” in paragraph 4 means ________. A. flexible B. rigid C. common D. new 14. Why did the author cite the blacks in the US as an example? A. He wanted to show how the theories have deeply affected the society. B He tried to prove that both theories need further discussion and research. C. He intended to demonstrate why the blacks need more education and support. D. He attempted to introduce the result of intelligence tests from blacks and whites. 15. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To introduce some theories. B. To stress genetic factors. C. To solve a racial problem. D. To give further suggestions. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Helena Blumen, a cognitive (认知的) scientist, says the complicated mental multi-tasking that dancing requires engages various parts of the brain at the same time, leading to the strengthening of neural (神经系统的) connections across different regions. ____16____. “It’s socially, cognitively and physically demanding,” she says. Anyone who’s ever felt the irresistible urge to dance to a favorite song knows that combining music and movement can lift your mood and melt away stress. But there’s a lot more happening in your brain when you’re trying to follow even the easiest choreography (编舞). ____17____. Tasks like getting around the kitchen or walking to the bus stop can become more attainable if regarded as choreography. To learn how the mechanisms of dancing work in the brain, researchers conducted MRI scans on older adults who engaged in either dance or a traditional exercise program over six months. ____18____, the dancers grew more white and gray matter in the parts of the brain responsible for cognitive processes. The researchers assume that these brain changes contribute to more neuroplasticity, the brain’s ability to form new connections and pathways. ____19____. Brain plasticity is similar to the city’s ability to build new roads, repair old ones or even change the direction of traffic based on how often the routes are used and what the city needs. ____20____. A Finnish study of people with severe brain injuries showed that dance-based recovery might improve mobility, cognition and overall well-being. Additionally, research shows that dancing can reduce the risk of brain-related diseases such as dementia (痴呆). A. Moreover, dancing can help prevent brain injuries B. In addition to the physical and neurological benefits C. The effect extends beyond dancing to the real world D. While both groups improved their level of physical fitness E. Dancing might even help people with brain injuries and diseases F. Imagine your brain is like a city with loads of roads and pathways G. Basically, dancing requires more brain power than commonly believed 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Jose Moncayo found himself dealing with a traffic ticket at the Utah County courthouse. Normally, that’s a situation you face alone, but not when you’re a(n) ____21____ dad with a two-year-old daughter named Abi. He tried to find a babysitter but came up ____22____. When the courtroom doors invited Jose inside, he faced an impossible choice. Abi couldn’t ____23____ him, and he couldn’t leave her alone. That’s when, like a(n) ____24____ from a heartwarming movie, policeman Kevin Norris entered the scene. Norris had been ____25____ the two while waiting to give his own testimony (证词). Seeing their trouble, he didn’t ___26___ to offer a helping hand, ____27____ volunteering to babysit Abi. He didn’t just ____28____ her; he made sure her time was enjoyable. They explored the building together. What could have been a(n) ____29____ situation for Abi turned into a day filled with _____30_____ and kindness. When Jose finally _____31_____ from the courtroom, he was met with a heartwarming _____32_____: his daughter sound asleep in the arms of the officer. _____33_____ the experience, Norris summed it up, “We’re not just officers who are out there to _____34_____ people. We’re also there to make our community a better place.” In a world sometimes _____35_____ by negativity, this story shines as a lighthouse of hope and reminds us that small acts of kindness can make the world a warmer, better place. 21. A. experienced B. committed C. entertaining D. inspiring 22. A. empty-handed B. warm-hearted C. carefree D. bittersweet 23. A. recognize B. persuade C. consult D. accompany 24. A. appointment B. movement C. character D. soundtrack 25. A. encouraging B. recording C. requesting D. observing 26. A. hesitate B. ignore C. hurry D. guarantee 27. A. financially B. generously C. unwillingly D. purposefully 28. A. bring up B. look for C. watch over D. take in 29. A. stressful B. dangerous C. urgent D. merciful 30. A. shelter B. adventure C. competition D. bravery 31. A. escaped B. benefited C. emerged D. disappeared 32. A. behavior B. sentence C. sight D. phenomenon 33. A. Reflecting on B. Touched by C. Thankful for D. Making up 34. A. disturb B. arrest C. assist D. educate 35. A. refused B. destroyed C. changed D. clouded 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Wild lands across Africa are home to many rare, threatened, and endangered species. Having recognized their extraordinary value and ____36____ (preserve) their ecological wealth, the UNESCO classified some of these sites ____37____ World Hertage sites. Unfortunately, the ecological integrity of many significant landscapes is under the influence of human activity. Let’s take the example of Ethiopia’s Simien Mountains National Park. In 1996 when it entered the list of World Heritage In Danger, ____38____ increasing number of human settlements around the park over the years, ____39____ (couple) with unsustainable farming practices and overgrazing (过度放牧), had worsened the conditions of all important wildlife habitats. Fortunately, in 2000, the authority of Ethiopia announced that it ____40____ (take) measures to change the current situation. In 2017, the park made history with its ____41____ (remove) from the list, a significant and remarkable achievement of the Government of Ethiopia. By then various efforts ____42____ (devote) to achieving this. In 2003, the Government reestablished the limits of the park, adding the Mesarerya and Limalimo Wildlife Reserves. ____43____ (effect) community-driven conservation strategies are instrumental in preventing further ecological loss. The authorities have developed a grazing strategy ____44____ aim is to greatly reduce the grazing pressure on the park. Plus, alternative livelihoods through tourism assisted communities _____45_____ (huge) in developing conservation-friendly economies in the landscape. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 （满分15分） 46. 假定你李华，近期你在图书馆借阅图书时，发现一些问题。请你给图书管理员写一封信，内容包括： (1) 有人看书会聊天，垃圾没带走；归还书时需排长队 (2) 提出解决方法。 注意： (1) 写作词数应为80个左右； (2) 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Sir or Madam, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节 （满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Mai Lin wasn’t doing well enough at school, or at least she wasn’t satisfied with herself. She wished she could do better. “Let’s review the material we learned in the last unit,” the history teacher said. “Who can tell us what caused the War of 1812?” Mai Lin sat at her desk, staring ahead. She hoped the teacher wouldn’t call her name. They hadn’t studied the War of 1812 at her old school and she didn’t know the answer. “Alison?” the teacher asked instead. Oh, perfect, Mai Lin thought. Of course Alison would have the answer. She seemed to have all the answers. Alison was the most popular girl in school – always surrounded by millions of boyfriends, best friends, and others. She was like a brilliant sun. Mai Lin hadn’t made one or two friends of her own so far. Her old school was small and low-key, but a shy person like Mai Lin had a chance there. This new school, however, seemed as big as an airport to Mai Lin, and it seemed very hard to get around in it. She still got lost sometimes in the school. Mai Lin frowned (皱眉) as Alison answered the teacher’s question. Alison probably never got lost, Mai Lin thought to herself. You could probably put Alison down in the middle of a desert, and within five minutes she’d be able to tell you the best way to get home. History class finally ended, and Mai Lin headed for the gym. The class had been playing basketball. Alison, who was as tall and thin and attractive as a tree, was very good at it. Beside her, Mai Lin felt like a very small and foolish ant. Today, however, the gym teacher pointed to a thick rope hanging from the ceiling and said, “Everybody! You’re going to climb this rope today.” 注意： 1.续写词数应为 150 左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Hearing the teacher’s words, Mai Lin smiled. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Mai Lin stepped forward and got close to the rope. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$