Unit 4 Note-taking in interpreting PPT(课件）《商务英语》（航空工业出版社）

Unit 4 Note-taking in Interpreting Unit aims To help you get a good understanding of the importance and features of note-taking in interpreting; 1 2 3 To help you master skills of using abbreviations, symbols and characters to note down information； To help you know how to take notes effectively and speedily; To help you foster perseverance in self-learning and exploration-based learning. 4 Warm up Below are some snapshots of notes. Which of them do you think are effective notes for interpreting? Why? A B C D Note-taking is a basic and necessary skill which is of utmost importance to interpreters and deserves our attention. I. Significance of note-taking in interpreting Knowledge and skills input On many occasions the speaker keeps talking for 5 to 10 mins or even longer without any pause to make his/her ideas complete and coherent. In such cases, you can hardly memorize all the source language information and complete the interpreting task without taking notes. This is particularly true when the speaker mentions a long series of figures or a long list of names and places in his/her speech. Without the help of note-taking, interpreters are likely to leave out important information or even misinterpret. Taking-notes is best way to supplement short-term memory and release the burden of interpreters' brains because the notes can quickly remind the interpreters of the relevant information of source language at the sight of the notes. II. Features of note-taking in interpreting Firstly, interpreters use simple characters, symbols, abbreviations ,lines, etc. to jot down main idea of the source language, including key words, logic of speech, and detailed information, because they spend less time writing symbols and abbreviations than the whole words and sentences. Secondly, as the notes taken by an interpreter are only used by himself or herself immediately, they lose meaning and no longer serve a purpose once the interpreting activity ends, therefore it's unnecessary and impossible to note down every single word. II. Features of note-taking in interpreting Finally, interpreters differ in note-taking ability. And the symbols and words written down vary from different interpreters. They're more likely to use symbols, abbreviations, characters that they're most familiar with. II. Features of note-taking in interpreting III. Suggested symbols and abbreviations in note-taking Us’g symbs + abbrevs the nts qckly Using symbols and abbreviations will enable you to take notes more quickly Commonly-used symbols in interpeting What symbols, signs or abbreviations do you usually use to express ideas? Please name a few. One of the most difficult aspects of taking notes during interpreting is that you can't both listen and write at the same time. When you stop to write down an idea, you might miss something else which is important. This means you need to find a way to write down the main ideas as quickly as you can, so that you can maximize the amount of time you spend listening. This is where symbols and abbreviations can help. Task 1 Observe the following two notes taken by interpreters. Find out the symbols, signs or abbreviations used in the notes and discuss their meanings with your partner. 1. Graphic Symbols Graphic Symbols 2. Arrows 1) → : export to, enter, arrive in, lead to, present to, give to, result in, send to, cause 2) → : come from, originate in, import from, receive from, come back to 3) ↑ : grow, expand, develop, rise, go up, strengthen, increase, improve, skyrocket, promote 4) ↓ :drop to, bomb, jump, decrease, go down, demote, reduce 3. Punctuation : (colon): say, speak, tell, declare, protest, such as, like ? . ! / , ’ ” ( ) (question mark): question, doubt, ask (full stop): viewpoint, opinion, idea; last, next (exclamation mark): draw attention (slash): but, however (comma) : replace figure (apostrophe): minute, next, last, replace figures (right double quote): second, next, last (brackets): in, including, within, among, inside + plus, and, in addition to, furthermore - X > < ≤ = ≈ ∵ minus, lack incorrect, wrong, bad, notorious, multiply greater, larger, more than, better than, surpass, superior to, more and more smaller, fewer, less than, worse than, inferior to less than or equal to, no more than equal to, the same as, a match/rival/competitor for sb. approximately, around, or so, about as, because, owing to, due to, thanks to ≥ more than or equal to, no less than ∴ consequently, so, therefore, as a result 4. Mathematical(Numerical) signs Us’g symbs + abbrevs the nts qckly Using symbols and abbreviations will enable you to take notes more quickly 5. Abbreviations in interpreting 全称 缩写 全称 缩写 People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国 PRC 深圳市政府 深府 Communist Party of China 中国共产党 CPC 改革开放 改开（R&O） United Nations 联合国 UN 合资企业 JV（joint venture） Gross Domestic Products 国内生产总值 GDP 信息产业 IT indy Gross National Products 国民生产总值 GNP 市场 mkt United Nations 联合国国 UN as soon as possible ASAP Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 亚太经合组织 APEC road rd attention att investment iv service serv government gv cooperation coop development dept building bldg hotel htl Common rules for abbreviations (1) Use the beginnings of words pol - politics gov - government subj - subject info - information intro - introduction Common rules for abbreviations (2) Use the beginnings of words with the final letter govt - government gov't - government interl - international inter'l - international Common rules for abbreviations (3) Omit vowels prblm - problem schl - school bkgd - background Common rules for abbreviations (4) Abbreviate “-ing” ckg - checking ckng - checking ck'g - checking Common rules for abbreviations (5) Use the first letters of the words in a phrase BTW : by the way As soon as possible: ASAP As long as: ALA IV. Suggested ways of note-taking 1. Tools Top-opening notebook A4 paper Knock-gel pen 2. What language should be used in note-taking? In a real interpreting task, the interpreter usually tends to use both languages interchangeably. Whatever language we use in note-taking, the basic rule we should follow is “quick, clear and accurate”. “我”→ “I” “我” “合作”→“合” “ ∞ ” “中华人民共和国”→PRC 3. What information should be noted down? (1) Key information Subjects, predicate verbs and objects Nouns or noun phrases e.g.: China is a developing country of 1.4 billion people. I' d like to extend my warm welcome and sincere thanks to all the distinguished guests today. CH（中） □ing 1.4b (2) Detailed information Figures Time Proper nouns(names, places, organizations, terminologies…) (3) Transitional words Beginning & end of a speech Transitional words indicating logical relations (3) Transitional words 表因果关系：because (of), as, since, for, due to, owing to, thanks to, for this reason, so, thus, therefore, hence, as a result of, consequently,… 表转折关系：but，however, yet, nevertheless, even so, on the contrary, on the other hand,… 表让步关系：although, though, even though, while, in spite of, despite,… 表目的：to, so as to, in order to/that, so that,… 表假设和条件：if，as/so long as, on condition that, provided/providing that, in case,… (3) Transitional words (3) Transitional words 4. Format for note-taking 交传口译员的口译笔记 (1) Vertical structure (2) Left and right margins 1-2 cm margins 1-2 cm margins (3) Ending mark V. Note-taking in interpreting tasks 例1：在过去的五年里，中国在国际上赢得了更多的理解、尊重、信任和支持，国际地位和影响力显著提升。 Abbreviations, Simple characters Graphic symbols & Mathematical signs 参考译文： In the past five years, China has won more understanding, respect, trust and support internationally, and its international status and influence have increased significantly. 例2：But today, more and more British people are visiting China to see for themselves the new dynamism of great cities like Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen. 逻辑词放在最左侧 关键内容放在右侧 参考译文： 但如今，越来越多的英国人来中国亲眼目睹着北京、上海、广州、深圳这些中国大城市的新活力。 Task 2 Listen to the following two Chinese audios and take notes based on the knowledge and skills you learned in this unit. You could also try to interpret them into Chinese with the assistance of your short-term memory and notes. Practice on your own Audio (1) Audio (2) Audio(1) 首先，请允许我代表中华人民共和国商务部和我所有的中国同行，并以我个人的名义，对怀特总经理以及美国Green公司的朋友们，表示衷心的感谢。 Abbreviations Simple characters Graphic symbols Mathematical signs Arrows 参考译文： First of all, please allow me on behalf of Ministry of Commerce, People's Republic of China and all my Chinese colleagues, to express my personal sincere thanks to General Manager Mr. White and the friends from American Green Company. Audio (2) 今晚，我们很高兴在深圳信息学院再次接待我们的老朋友格林博士和夫人。我代表学校全体师生向格林博士和夫人，以及其他德国贵宾表示热烈的欢迎。我相信格林博士此次对我校的访问必将为进一步加强两校的友好交流和合作做出重要贡献。明天，贵宾们将前往广州的职业院校访问，我预祝大家一路旅途愉快。 Abbreviations, Graphic signs, Mathematical Symbols, Arrows, Punctuation ... 参考译文 Tonight, we are very happy to host our old friends Dr. Green and Mrs. Green again in Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology. On behalf of all the teachers and students of the school, I would like to extend a warm welcome to Dr. Green and Mrs. Green, and other distinguished guests from Germany. I believe that Dr. Green’s visit to our school will make an important contribution to further strengthening the friendly exchanges and cooperation between the two schools. Tomorrow, you will leave for Guangzhou to visit other vocational colleges. I wish you all a pleasant journey/ a nice trip. Task 3 Listen carefully to two English audios respectively and take notes based on the knowledge and skills you learned in this unit. Try to interpret them into Chinese with the help of your short-term memory and notes. Audio (1) Audio (2) Audio (1) Good afternoon, Ladies and Gentlemen. I'm extraordinary happy to have witnessed the signing ceremony today, because it symbolizes the cooperation we need. Our vision is to make Shenzhen a leading high-tech city worldwide in the 21stcentury. The establishment of this organization will be an important step towards achieving that. 参考译文： 女士们、先生们，下午好。我十分高兴能亲眼见证今天的签约仪式，因为该签约仪式象征着我们彼此互为所需的合作关系。我们的愿景是将深圳打造成为21世纪全球领先的高科技城市。该组织的成立将为实现这一目标迈出重要一步。 Audio (2) A new report says the number of foreign students in the United States reached a record high in 2008. It also says the number of international students last year was almost fifteen percent higher than the last record setting year, 2002. In all the ten top countries, seven of them sent more students last year, although the economic downturn was worsening. For the eighth year, India remained the leader in sending students to the United States. China again sent the second largest number. 参考译文： 一份新的报告显示，2008年，美国的留学生数量创下历史新高。报告还指出去年留学生的人数比2002年要高出15%，2002年是上一个留学生人数最多的年份。尽管经济危机在持续恶化，去年向美输出留学生人数最多的十个国家中有七个国家人数有所增加。连续八年，印度成为向美输出留学生最多的国家。中国再次成为向美输出留学生人数第二多的国家。 尤其是上个世纪90年代以来，中国信息产业的发展速度始终保持在20%以上，超过同期GDP增长速度的两倍。目前，中国信息产业已经达到相当的规模和水平，对国民经济增长点贡献和对其他产业的带动作用日益增强。 Abbreviations, Arrows, Pus signs, Greater than sign, Brackets 参考译文1： Especially since the 1990s, the development speed of China's information industry has always remained above 20%, which is more than twice the GDP growth rate during the same period. At present, China's information industry has reached a considerable scale and level, and its contribution to the growth point of the national economy and its leading role in other industries are increasing gradually. Exercise 1 Audio (1) 参考译文 2： During the 90s of the last century in particular, China's information industry grew at over 20%, more than twice the speed of its GDP during the same period. At present, China’s information industry has developed to a considerable scale and standard, increasing its contribution to the national economy, and becoming a driving force for other industries day by day. Audio (2) 今天，我怀着无比激动的心情来参加在深圳举办的高科技研讨会。去年，深圳的高新技术产品发展迅猛，取得了巨大的成就，尤其是华为公司生产的麒麟芯片，截至2016年，出货量已超过1亿套，同比增长了12%。 参考译文： Today, I am very excited to attend the high-tech seminar held in Shenzhen. Last year, Shenzhen's high-tech products developed rapidly and made great achievements, especially the Kirin chips produced by Huawei. As of 2016, its shipment volume has exceeded 100 million sets, with a year-on-year increase of 12%. Audio(3) Distinguished Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen, I am very pleased to meet my friends from the American trading company on the other side of the Pacific. My feeling can be best expressed by a Chinese old saying: “How delightful I am to have friends coming from afar!” 参考译文： 尊敬的各位来宾，女士们、先生们， 我很高兴与来自大洋彼岸的美国外贸公司的朋友们相会。我的心情可用中国一句古话来形容, “有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。” Audio(4) These opportunities can only be grasped by people. People talking, travelling, exchanging ideas and experiences. And that is what we are here today to do. Our discussion here will center around a number of very interesting issues: Trade and the environment in the globalization of economy, Chinese culture, e-commerce and e-learning. 参考译文： 这些机遇必须由人来把握：人们交谈、旅行，并交流看法和经验。这正是我们今天要做的事。我们在这里的讨论将集中于几个有意思的问题：经济全球化过程中的贸易和环境、中国文化、电子商务和电子学习。 Exercise 2 A hundred and fifty years ago, no American girls and few boys went to college, but those young men hoping to become doctors, lawyers, or teachers began studying at seven or eight years of age to develop skills in five general subjects: English, foreign languages, mathematics, history and science. The study of English often required six years. During these six years, the pupils studied spelling, punctuation, parts of speech and grammar. A thorough knowledge of Latin grammar was also required, and to gain proficiency to pass their college entrance examinations. Most boys studied the language for five or six years. In addition, they took three or four years of French and another two or three years of German or Greek. Like English, mathematics often required six years of study, but history usually took only four. Science was generally a three-year course, two years devoted to general science and one year to physics. With no time wasted in such classes as art, typing, band, or crafts, young men were usually fully prepared to begin their serious college programs at the age of thirteen or fourteen. 参考译文： 150年前，在美国，没有女孩上大学，能上大学的男孩子也寥寥无几。但是那些希望成为医生、律师或教师的年轻人在七八岁的时候就开始学习五门普通学科的技能：英语、外语、数学、历史和科学。英语学习通常需要六年时间。在这六年中，学生们学习拼写、标点符号、词性和语法。此外还需要全面了解拉丁文语法，并熟练掌握以期通过大学入学考试。大多数男孩要学习五六年拉丁文，此外，还需再学习三四年的法语和两三年的德语或希腊语。像英语一样，数学通常需要六年的学习时间，但历史通常只需四年。科学课程通常为期三年，两年专攻普通科学，一年专攻物理学。年轻人通常在十三或十四岁时就开始认真全面地准备大学课程，没有时间浪费在艺术、打字、乐队或手工艺等课程上。 Tips for note-taking in interpreting 1) Remember to rely mostly on your short-term memory other than your notes. If you only focus on note-taking, you'll probably miss most information while listening, because you're busing with taking notes all the time. 2) The characters, symbols or abbreviations that you write on your notes should be simply, clear, accurate and meaningful. It's not necessary for others to understand what you note down, as long as you can recognize the meanings. 3) Practice listening and note-taking abilities constantly and train your memory in daily life. Tips for note-taking in interpreting https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1sE411K7Vq?t=321 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! $$