Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World Reading 语言点课件-2023-2024学年高中英语译林版（2020）必修第三册

Chinese scientist wins 2015 Nobel Prize Unit 4 Reading 1 Language points 1. Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the deadliest diseases in human history. (L1) 屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国首位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她为抗击疟疾所做出的贡献— 疟疾是人类史上最致命的疾病之一。 (1) People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国 (2) award award sb ..... for ...... = award ..... to sb for ..... 因.....把.....授予/颁发给某人 (3) deadly adj 致命的，十足的 to receive a Nobel Prize awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria one of the deadliest diseases in human history n 奖，奖品 v 授予，颁发 不定式做后置定语 过去分词做后置定语 同位语 orderly adv 有秩序的，有条理的 order 以ly结尾，却是adj： deadly friendly monthly yearly lovely n 命令，次序，订单，点餐 v 命令，订购，点餐 致命的 友好的 每月的 每年的 可爱的 ⑤. 当中心词被序数词、形容词最高级及the next, the only, the last等限定时，常用不定式作后置定语。 She was the first woman _______ (win) the gold medal in the Olympic Games. She is the only person ______________ (admit) to the committee. 她是第一个在奥运会上获得金牌的女子。 她是唯一获准进入委员会的人。 to win to be admitted Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China __________ (receive) a Nobel Prize, __________ (award) for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the deadliest diseases in human history to receive awarded Language points 2. Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of _________ (survive). (L5) (1) thanks to 幸亏，由于 = because of / due to / on account of (2) survival n. 生存→ v. 生存→ n. 幸存者 survive survivor 由于她发现了青蒿素, 世界各地的疟疾患者现在有了极大的生存机会。 （3）chance n 机会，可能性，运气 survival 【学法点拨】 survive—— survival 幸存 refuse—— refusal 拒绝 arrive—— arrival 到达 approve—— approval 赞成 v. + -al n. 3. She completed further training courses in traditional Chinese medicine, ______________ (acquire) a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. (L10) acquiring 她完成了中医领域的培训课程深造，获得了广泛的中西医知识。 Language points Language points 4. In the 1960s, many people were dying of malaria, and in 1969 Tu became head of a team _______ intended to find a cure for the disease. (L13) (1) die of die from 死于... (外界环境,事故等) (2) intend to do sth. 计划做某事 在20世纪60年代, 许多人死于疟疾, 1969年屠呦呦担任了一个课题组的组长, 这个小组计划找到该疾病的治疗方法。 (疾病等) （ ） (3) a cure for ......的治疗方法 that We intend (go) to Australia next year.     She had a firm (intend) to be the best swimmer. 翻译：他离开家乡，打算去北京工作。 to go intention He left hometown with the intention of working in Beijing. Practice (with the intention of) 5. When they ________ ___ (未能做某事) produce produce any promising results, Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again. (L16) 当这些未能取得任何有希望的效果时，屠呦呦就再次查阅中国典籍。 Language points failed to (1) promising adj 有希望的，有前途的 (2) refer to 参考，提及 在一本1600多年前的典籍中，关于用冷水制备青蒿素提取物的记载给了屠呦呦启发。 Language points (1) inspire v 鼓舞，激励 (2) try doing 尝试做某事 try to do 努力做某事 (3) in order not to = so as not to (不放句首）为了不...... 6. _________ (Inspire) by an over 1600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, Tu redesigned the experiments and tried ______________ (extract) the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part. (L18) Inspired extracting Language points 7. However, it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials beacuse research resoures were limited. (L23) 然而，由于研究资源有限，很难生产足够的青蒿提取物用于大型试验。 (1) trial n. 试验 v. 测试 → v. 尝试 try (2) limited adj.有限的→ v./n. 限制→ n. 局限 limit limitation be limited to ... 局限于... 当时没有研究设备，他们只好用家用储水的容器来提取草药。 Language points (1) household adj 家庭的，家用的 (2) contain v 包含 container n 容器 8. When there was no research equipment, they had to extract herbs ________ (use) household water containers. （ ） ) (L25) 现在分词做方式状语 using Language points 9. Even with large amounts of the qinghao extract _________ (produce), however, they still faced another problem. (L28) 即使有大量的青蒿提取物被制造出来，他们仍然面临着另一个问题。 本句为 。 with ... produced为“with＋名/代（宾语）＋过去分词（宾补）”结构，此结构为with复合结构的一种，过去分词(短语)表示____________并在句中作 。 简单句 被动或完成 状语 produced 1. All afternoon he worked with the door _______ (lock). 整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。 2. 理了发，他看起来年轻多了。 With his hair ______ (cut), he looked much younger. 3. 没有人可以说话，小男孩很伤心。 With no one ___________ (talk with), the little boy was sad. 4. 所有人都看着他，他感觉更紧张了。 With all people __________ at him, he felt more nervous. Practice locked cut to talk with looking Language points 10. Perhaps the next generation of scientists, _________ (draw) on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine, will indeed discover more medicine ____________ (benefit) to global health care. (L38) 也许新一代科学家汲取中医的智慧，确实能发现更多有益于全世界医疗的药物。 drawing beneficial （ ） ） （ 现在分词短语做后置定语 形容词短语做后置定语 (1) draw on 利用，动用 (2) wisdom n 智慧 (3) health care 医疗保健 Key phrases thanks to (L5) a chance of survival (L7) acquire a broad knowledge of... (L11) die of/from (L 13) a cure for the disease (L14) fail to do sth. (L16) refer to (L17) succeed in doing sth. (L21) 幸亏，由于 存活率 获取广泛的知识 死于... 疾病的治愈方法 没能做成某事 查阅，参考 成功做某事 Key phrases manage to do sth. (L24) find solutions to the problem (L24) large amounts of (L28) be likely to do sth. (L29) speed up (L30) volunteer to do sth. (L31) pay off (L32) through trial and error (L32) draw on (L39) 设法做成某事 找到问题的解决办法 大量的 可能做某事 加速 自愿做某事 成功，奏效 反复试验 利用 1. referred to 2. pay off 3. intended 4. experiments 5. limited 6. broad 7. wisdom 8. sufficient B1, P47 1. However, it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu, after many failed experiments. 重点句子 (1) not... until..... 直到...才... eg. I didn’t go to bed until 12 o’clock last night. 1. However, it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu, after many failed experiments. 重点句子 (2)强调句型: eg. It was Cicy that/who I met in the street yesterday. It was/is + 被强调部分+that/who从句 It was in the street that I met Cicy yesterday. It was yesterday that I met Cicy in the street. 1. However, it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu, after many failed experiments. 重点句子 It is + 被强调成分 + that ... It is + not until ... + that ... 直到……才…… 与not... until...结合 【分析】该句式是not…until …的强调句型。 然而，直到20世纪70年代，在多次的失败试验后，屠呦呦才成功地发现了青蒿素。 1. It was my parents __________ encouraged me to be brave. 是我的父母鼓励我要勇敢。 2. 是屠呦呦发现了能治疗疟疾的青蒿素。 It is Tu _________ discovered qinghaosu ______ can cure malaria. 3. 直到天黑我们才回家。 We didn’t go back home until it was dark. It was not until it was dark that we went back home. 4. He didn't realize his mistake until I pointed it out. It was not until I pointed it out that he realized his mistake. Practice that/who that /who which 延申扩展 强调谓语部分，只能用“助动词do/does/did+动词原形” 结构 eg: My friends does help me a lot with my friends. 我的朋友在数学方面确实帮了我很多忙。 He did make a stupid mistake and he felt so guilty. 他确实犯了一个愚蠢的错误，他感到非常内疚。 2. Without her broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, Tu might never have discovered qinghaosu. 重点句子 might have done 本可能做却没做/过去可能做了某事 eg. 要是没有你的帮助，我不能按时完成我的工作。 如果没有广泛的传统中医和西医知识，屠呦呦可能永远不会发现青蒿素。 Without your help, I could not _____________ (finish) my work. have finished He was the last one (hand) in the homework.   It was not until 2020 he returned to China.   I beleieve teaching should not be limited the classroom. He finished the task alone .(succeed) With the light (shine), he fell asleep. your advice, I might have made mistakes. to hand that to 综合练习 successfully shining Without 袁隆平是第一个成功培育出杂交水稻品种的科学家。 是发现青蒿素让屠呦呦获得了诺贝尔奖。 由于手机被偷， 他不能在线为这本书付款。 直到天放晴，我们才走回家。 要是没有你的建议，我可能犯了愚蠢的错误。 翻译 强调句型 with复合结构 非谓语作定语 without..虚拟语气 not until的强调句型 Yuan Longping is the first scientist to succeed in developing hybrid rice varieties. It was Tu’s discovery of qinghaosu that made her win the Nobel Prize. With his mobilephone stolen, he couldn’t pay for the book online. It was not until it cleared up that we walked back home. Without your advice, I might have made foolish mistakes. 翻译 THANKS 29 $$