专题06+动词时态语态（过去时）（课件）-【上好课】2025年高考英语一轮复习知识清单（全国通用）

【上好课】2025年高考一轮复习知识清单 专题06 动词时态语态（过去时） 快问快答 考点细目 知识清单 分类通关 1 快问快答 PART.01 2 Q1：判断动词时态语态有哪些小窍门？ A1：最可靠的做法是掌握每种时态的使用场合和标志性词汇、短语，做到有的放矢。 Q2：如何确定动词的语态？ A2：一方面，需要注意根据语境确定是否应用被动语态，另一方面需要抓住关键性标志，如介词by引起动作的发出者。 Q3：如何确定各种从句的时态？ A3：如果是状语从句，需要考虑“主将从现”；如果是宾语从句要考虑主从句时态照应；有时像suggest, recommend从句还应考虑虚拟语气用法。 Q4：应用文写作遇到动词时态怎么把握？ A4：书信类应用文要结合其内容来确定具体时态乃至语态。如邀请信和通知要使用一般将来时；感谢信和道歉信要使用一般过去时；人物介绍和地点介绍要使用一般现在时。 Q5：如何才能学好动词时态语态？ A5：一是努力掌握基本知识框架，二是加强训练和背诵，积少成多，学以致用。 一、动词时态语态用法快问快答 3 考点细目 PART.02 4 二、动词时态语态用法考点细目 卷别 现在时 过去时 将来时（含被动） 2024新课标I卷 walks 2024新课标II卷 were；was built 2024全国甲卷 were (should) be done 2023新高考II卷 　 wished 　 2023全国甲卷 become改为becomes make → made (can) be employed 2023全国乙卷 　 was amazed 　 2023全国北京卷 has established had arrived would throw 2022新高考I卷 is designed were 　 2022新高考II卷 　 were fixing; threw 　 2022全国甲卷 has walked was-were; become-became 　 2022全国乙卷 lives-live; 去掉have后的been addressed 　 2022北京卷 has; has increased 　 　 2021新高考I卷 　 was 　 2021新高考II卷 　 was 　 2021全国甲卷 are改为is was built; hired 　 2021全国乙卷 删去are 　 　 2021北京卷 connects 　 　 2020全国I卷 means; is constructed touched 　 2020全国II卷 carries start改为started 　 2020全国III卷 had改成have pointed (would) be chosen 2020新高考卷 are called; is formed 　 2019全国I卷 has reported；are 　 　 2019全国II卷 have made declared 　 2019全国III卷 required改为requires recommended；were invited 　 2019北京卷 　 voiced 　 5 考点清单 PART.03 6 三、动词时态语态知识清单 （六）一般过去时七种典型用法 用法 标志 示例 1.表示过去已发生的动作，并有明确的时间状语。 yesterday, last week, in 2023 My father was very busy last week.我父亲上周很忙。 Where were you yesterday? 你昨天在哪儿？ 2. 表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作，常与often等频度副词连用。 often，usually，seldom， used to The man used to smoke a lot.那人过去烟瘾很重。 Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella. 彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。 3. I wish that…(与现在事实相反) I wish that… I wish I was ten years younger. 我但愿年轻10岁。 I wish I could speak your language. 但愿我能讲你们国家的话。 4. It is (high) time that… It is (high) time that… It's high/about time you bought a new car.你该买辆新车了。 5. I would rather that…(与现在、将来事实相反) I would rather that… I‘d rather you went tomorrow.我宁愿你明天去。 I would rather you didn’t mention the price now. 我宁愿你现在别提价钱。 6. If only…(与现在事实相反) If only… If only l knew the answer to your question.我但愿知道你的问题的答案。 7. If….从句 (与现在事实相反) If…., I would… If I were Tom, I would refuse.如果我是汤姆，我会拒绝。 7 三、动词时态语态知识清单 （六）一般过去时七种典型用法 【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 1. The book has been translated into thirty languages since it _____________ (come) on the market in 1973. 2. (2013安徽) I’m calling about the apartment you _____________ (advertise) the other day. Could you tell me more about it? 3. (2013福建) The famous musician, as well as his students, _____________(invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. 4. (2017·江苏) The publication of Great Expectations, which _____________ (be) both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist. 【答案与解析】 1. came。从句有明显时间状语in 1973，应用一般过去时。故答案是came。 2. advertised。从句有明显时间状语the other day，应用一般过去时。故答案是advertised。 3. was invited。句子有明显时间状语at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo，应用一般过去时。故答案是was invited。 4. was。结合语境这里描述过去的行为，应用一般过去时。故答案是was。 8 三、动词时态语态知识清单 （六）一般过去时七种典型用法 【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 5. (2015湖南) I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but _____________ (hold) back thankfully by the shop window. 6. The three of us _____________ (travel) around Europe for about a month last summer. 7. (2019全国II) Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene _____________ (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business. 8. How I wish every family _____________ (have) a large house with a beautiful garden! 【答案与解析】 5. was held。hold back表示“阻止，隐瞒”，结合语境应用被动语态。故答案是was held。 6. travelled。本句是易错题，句子虽然有时间状语for about a month，但结合语境这里表示过去某段时间一直发生的事情。故答案是travelled。 7. declared。根据语境容易判断空白处应该使用一般过去时。故填declared。 8. had。结合语境从句与现在事实相反，故应用一般过去时。故答案是had。 9 三、动词时态语态知识清单 （六）一般过去时七种典型用法 【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 9. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it look as if it _____________ (break). 10. Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he __________(do) something instead of just talking. 11. Sorry, I’m too busy now. If I _____________ (have) time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. 12. I wish it _____________ (be) were spring all year round. 【答案与解析】 9. were broken。it look as if…表示“看起来好像……”，从句与现在事实相反，应用一般过去时；结合语境应用被动语态。故答案是were broken。 10. did/should do。It is high/about time that..后面常用did或should do, should不能省，意为“早该……”。故答案是did/should do。 11. had。语境暗示从句与现在事实相反，应用一般过去时。故答案是had。 12. were。I wish that…从句表示与现在事实相反常用一般过去时；be动词一律都用were。故答案是were。 10 三、动词时态语态知识清单 （七）过去进行时五种典型用法 用法 标志 示例 1.表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，有时间状语暗示。 at 7:00 last night We were watching TV from seven to nine last night. 昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。 2.表示过去一段时间内频繁发生或一直进行的动作。 this morning, yesterday The man used to smoke a lot.那人过去烟瘾很重。 Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella. 彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。 3. come ,leave等瞬间动词过去进行时表示将要发生动作。 go, come, leave I wish I was ten years younger. 我但愿年轻10岁。 I wish I could speak Russian.但愿我能讲俄语。 4.与as, when, while等状语从句呼应，表示另一动作发生的背景 as, when, while It was raining hard when I left school.当我离开学校时，天在下大雨。 I was reading the newspaper while I was waiting for the bus. 我一边看报纸，一边等公交车。 5. always, constantly等频度副词与过去进行时连用表示赞扬，抱怨等感情色彩 always, constantly，continually She was always changing her mind. 她总是改变主意。 In the past he was constantly asking me for money. 过去他总是不停要钱。 11 三、动词时态语态知识清单 （七）过去进行时五种典型用法 【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 1. Her mother _____________ (cook) in the kitchen at this time yesterday. 2. I’d like to know what you ______________(do) at 9:00 last night. 3. We went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it _____________ (decorate). 4. (2014四川) She _____________ (phone) someone, so I nodded to her and went away. 5. Jim _____________ (watch) a late night film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank. 【答案与解析】 1. was cooking。时间状语at this time yesterday表明过去某时正在发生的动作，应用过去进行时。故答案是was cooking。 2. were doing。时间状语at 9:00 last night表明过去某时正在发生的动作，应用过去进行时。故答案是were doing。 3. was being decorated。结合语境表示该段时间内一直进行的动作---装修图书馆。故答案是was being decorated。 4. was phoning。结合语境“她正在给别人打电话，我对她点头走开了。”故答案是was phoning。 5. was watching。结合语境这是was doing…when…句式。故答案是was watching。 12 三、动词时态语态知识清单 （七）过去进行时五种典型用法 【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 6. I ____________(clean) the streets in our neighborhood this time yesterday when you called me. 7. During the period of recent terrorist activities, people _____________(always warn) not to touch any unattended bag. 8. (2015湖南) He must have sensed that I _____________ (look) at him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, "Why are you staring at me like that?" 9. (2016北京) Jack _____________ (work) in the lab when the power cut occurred. 10. He _____________(help) his father on the farm the whole afternoon last Saturday. 【答案与解析】 6. was cleaning。结合语境这是was doing…when…句式。故答案是was cleaning。 7. were always being warned。always与过去进行时连用，表示过去某段时间内一直进行的动作（被频繁提醒）；又是被动含义。故答案是were always being warned。 8. was looking。结合语境判断这里表示当时在进行的动作，故用过去进行时。故答案是was looking。 9. was working。这是was doing…when…句式。是故答案是was working。 10. was helping。the whole afternoon last Saturday暗示过去某段时间一直进行的动作。 13 三、动词时态语态知识清单 （八）过去完成时六种典型用法 用法 标志 示例 1. 表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间之前或过去某一动作之前已经完成。 by, by the end of, by the time… By 5:00 yesterday morning we had done that work. 到昨天早上5点，我们已经完成了那项工作。 2. 表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间之前或过去某一动作之前已经完成。 before, until, when, than I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university. 在我进入大学之前，我已经学会了5000个单词。 3. intend等动词过去完成时可以用来表示一个本来打算做而未做的事。 mean, hope, want, plan, expect, think I had intended to call on you, but was prevented from doing so. 我本来打算去拜访你，但被阻止了。 4. It was the first time that…句型that从句用过去完成时。 first/second… It was the fourth time she had shopped online for hours. 这是她连续几个小时第四次在网上购物。 5. hardly … when…和no sooner… than…句型 hardly+when; sooner+than She hardly had gone to bed when the bell rang. 她刚一上床铃声就响了。 No sooner had they left the building than a bomb exploded. 他们刚离开大楼，一枚炸弹就爆炸了。 6.If虚拟条件句，I wish…, If only…, I’d rather that…表示与过去事实相反 I wish…, If only…, I’d rather that… If I had left sooner，I would have been on time. 要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。 If only I had listened to my parents! 我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。 14 三、动词时态语态知识清单 （八）过去完成时六种典型用法 【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 1. (2014山东) Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we ____________ (expect). 2. (2015安徽)Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I ___________ (leave) my bank in the cafe. 3. (2016浙江) Silk___________(become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC. 4. (2017北京) In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones __________ (not invent) yet. 5. I _____________(plan) to help you but couldn’t get here in time. 【答案与解析】 1. had expected。结合语境应用过去完成时表示“过去的过去”。故答案是had expected。 2. had left。结合语境应用过去完成时表示“过去的过去”。故答案是had left。 3. had become。by about 100 BC是解答本题关键，应用过去完成时。故答案是had become。 4. hadn’t been invented。结合语境应用过去完成时表示“过去的过去”；又是被动含义。故答案是hadn’t been invented。 5. had planned。intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示一个本来打算做而未做的事。故答案是had planned。 15 三、动词时态语态知识清单 （八）过去完成时六种典型用法 【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 6.(2019天津) I ________(hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it. 7. I ___________(intend) to call on you, but was prevented from doing so. 8. There was a knock on the door. It was the second time someone ______(interrupt) me that evening. 9. That was the first time she _______ (leave) alone at home during the weekends, bored to death. 10. It was the fourth time she _____________ (shop) online for hours. 6. had hoped。intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示一个本来打算做而未做的事。故答案是had hoped。 7. had intended。intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示一个本来打算做而未做的事。故答案是had intended。 8. had interrupted。在 It was the first/second/third…time that…句型中，that引导的定语从句要用过去完成时。故答案是had interrupted。 9. had left。在 It/That was the first/second/third…time that…句型中，that引导的定语从句要用过去完成时。故答案是had left。 10. had shopped。在 It/That was the first/second/third…time that…句型中，that引导的定语从句要用过去完成时。故答案是had shopped。 16 三、动词时态语态知识清单 （八）过去完成时六种典型用法 【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 11. She ________ no sooner _________(get) to the office than she got down to writing the report. 12. Hardly had I arrived home when the telephone _____________ (ring). 13. (2018天津) If we _____ (catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach. 14. How I wish I _____________(buy) that skirt when it was available! Ugh! I regret it every time. 15. (2015北京)—Did you have difficulty finding Ann' house? —Not really. She _____________ (give) us clear directions and we were able to find it easily. 11. had; got。在hardly/scarcely … when…和no sooner… than…句型中，主句常用过去完成时。故答案是had; got。 12. rang。在hardly/scarcely … when…和no sooner… than…句型中，主句常用过去完成时，从句仍用一般过去时。故答案是rang。 13. had caught。这时if虚拟条件句，从句与过去事实相反应用过去完成时。故答案是had caught。 14. had bought。I wish that….从句与过去事实相反应用过去完成时。故答案是had bought。 15. had given。结合语境“给我们清楚指导”发生在前，应用过去完成时。故答案是had given。 17 三、动词时态语态知识清单 （九）过去将来时四种典型用法 项目 用法 示例 1.should/would + 动词原形 从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作，多用于主从复合句中。 He said they would arrange a party.他说他们要安排聚会。 He asked me yesterday when I should leave for Paris.昨天他问我何时动身去巴黎。 2. was/were about to do…when… 表示“正要……这时发生另一件事”。 I was about to start when it suddenly began to rain.我正要开始这时天下雨了。 3.was/were coming… go, come leave等动词过去进行时博士将要发生的动作。 I didn’t know he was coming until this morning. 直到今天上午我才知道他要来。 4.was/were to do 强调计划性，“将要做某事”。 Tom wasn't worried about his head injury, but it was to be troublesome for him later.汤姆不担心他头部的伤，但是以后这损伤必将给他带来麻烦。 18 三、动词时态语态知识清单 （九）过去将来时四种典型用法 【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. Did you predict that many students _____________ (sign) up for the dance competition? 2. He was about to go to bed ________ there was a knock on the door. 3. When he _____________ (open) the door, he found his keys were nowhere. 4. (2015陕西)At college, Barack Obama didn’t know that he _____________ (become) the first black president of the United States of America. 5. I wish he __________(go) with me to the cinema tonight. 【答案与解析】 1. would sign。Did you predict是解答本题的关键，暗示应用过去将来时。故答案是would sign。 2. when。这是was/were about to do sth. when...句型。故答案是when。 3. was to open。结合语境这里应用过去将来时表示从当时看将要发生的动作“将要开门”。故答案是was to open。 4. was to become。结合语境这里应用过去将来时表示从当时看将要发生的动作“将要成为美国第一位黑人总统”。故答案是was to become。 5. would go。I wish that …从句表示与将来事实相反用could/would do。故答案是would go。 19 三、动词时态语态知识清单 （九）过去将来时四种典型用法 【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 6. If I had a chance to study abroad, I __________(study) at Cambridge University. 7. If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he ________(be) able to speak it much better now. 8. If the captain had been more careful, his ship _____________ (sink). 9. (2019江苏) What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _____________ (have) a good time together. 10. I wasn't sure whether he ___________ (lend) me his book the next morning. 【答案与解析】 6. would study。If虚拟条件句与现在事实相反，主句用could/would do。故答案是would study。 7. would be。本句是虚拟语气含蓄条件句，now说明主句与现在事实相反，应用would do。故答案是would be。 8. wouldn’t have sunk。结合语境主从句与过去事实相反，主句应用would have done，且是否定形式。故答案是wouldn’t have sunk。 9. would have had。or引导含蓄条件句，句意为：真可惜！你错过了游览观光，否则的话我们会有一段美好时光的。表示与过去事实相反，应用would have done。故答案是would have had。 10. would lend。主句是一般过去时；同时从句时间状语the next morning暗示应用过去将来时。故答案是would lend。 20 分类通关 PART.04 21 【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 【2024题组】 1.（2024新课标I卷）Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___58___ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. 答案：were 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填were。 2.（2024新课标I卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ___61___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 答案：was built 解析：考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。 四、动词时态语态分类通关 （一）单句填空（高考真题） 22 【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 【2024题组】 3.（2024全国甲卷）They 64 (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 答案： were。 解析：本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。 4. （2024九省联考卷）Fountain pens _________ (use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity lately because they are refillable. 答案：were used 解析：考查动词时态和语态。句意：钢笔很久以前就在学校里使用了，最近又重新流行起来，因为它们可以重新填充。空格处作谓语，根据时间状语long ago可知，应用一般过去时，主语Fountain pens和动词use之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were used。 四、动词时态语态分类通关 （一）单句填空（高考真题） 23 【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 【2023题组】 5.（2023新高考II卷）As a little girl, I _________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 答案：wished 解析：考查动词时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。 6.（2023全国乙卷）Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I _________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 答案：was amazed 解析：考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文“how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。 四、动词时态语态分类通关 （一）单句填空（高考真题） 24 【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 【2023题组】 7.（2023北京卷）Soon after moving to Switzerland, I _________ (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up exactly on time. 答案：threw 解析：考查动词时态。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办一个乔迁派对，当所有30位客人都准时出现时，我感到非常惊讶。根据后文and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填threw。 8.（2023北京卷）Years later, having moved to France. I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest _________ (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. 答案：had arrived 解析：考查动词时态。句意：多年以后，搬到法国后，我在约定的时间赴宴，却发现没有其他客人到场，女主人还穿着睡衣。此处表示的动作发生在主句动词turned up之前，属于“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had arrived。 四、动词时态语态分类通关 （一）单句填空（高考真题） 25 【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 【2022题组】 9.（2022新高考I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 答案：were【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。故填were。 10.（2022新高考II卷）Henry _________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. 答案：was fixing【解析】句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams，可知，这是“was/were doing…when…”句型，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。 四、动词时态语态分类通关 （一）单句填空（高考真题） 26 【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 【2022题组】 11.（2022北京卷）Eventually, the man _________ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet! 答案：caught 解析：考查动词时态。句意：最终，那个男人追上了她，他只是想把她的钱包还给她！结合句意，这是“A and B”型并列句。空白处应填谓语动词的形式，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填caught。 12.（2022浙江卷）When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he _________ (notice)her smile right away. ”I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said. 答案：noticed 解析：考查时态。句意：当他触摸到莱昂纳多•达•芬奇的3D版《蒙娜丽莎》时，他立刻注意到了她的微笑。根据“he felt”可知，本句为一般过去时。故填noticed。 四、动词时态语态分类通关 （一）单句填空（高考真题） 27 【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 【2021题组】 13.（2021新高考I卷）What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it _________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 答案：was 解析：考查主谓一致和时态。主语是第三人称单数it，时间状语是then，所以用was。 14.（2021全国甲卷）The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It _________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). 答案：was built 解析：句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词build和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态（be done），根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，主语it为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填was built。 四、动词时态语态分类通关 （一）单句填空（高考真题） 28 【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 【2021题组】 15.（2020全国I卷）The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess _________ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. 答案：touched 解析：考查动词时态及语态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时，故填touched。 16.（2021浙江卷）After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and _________ (sell) most of their furniture. 答案：sold 解析：考查动词。句意：1861年林肯当选美国总统后，他们租了房子，卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知，设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语；根据时间状语1861可知，此处用一般过去时态，提示词sell的过去式形式是sold。故填sold。 四、动词时态语态分类通关 （一）单句填空（高考真题） 29 【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 【2021题组】 17.（2021新高考II卷）I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to _________ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. 答案：was 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。 18.（2021全国甲卷）We _________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky but did the job. 答案：hired 解析：考查动词时态。句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，根据上下文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。 四、动词时态语态分类通关 （一）单句填空（高考真题） 30 【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 【2021题组】 19.（2021浙江卷）Mary’s niece wrote, "The little home _________ (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of herself, everything in good taste and in perfect order. 答案：was painted 解析：考查被动语态。句意：这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被漆”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；根据上文的was built可知，此处为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词；主语The little home是单数第三人称，所以要用was，提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。 四、动词时态语态分类通关 （一）单句填空（高考真题） 31 【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 【2020题组】 20.（2020新高考I卷）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, _________ (form) the core collection of the British Museum that opened in 1759. 答案：formed 解析：考查动词时态。句意:例如，汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语in1759可知，应使用一般过去时。故填formed。 21.（2020北京卷）The Neanderthals_________（live）alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40, 000 years ago. 答案：lived/had lived/had been living 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：尼安德特人与人类祖先一起在欧洲生活了数万年，直到大约4万年前灭绝。设空处在句中作谓语，结合句意，此处是指在灭绝之前一直生活了数万年。设空处的动作发生在灭绝之前，结合时间状语for tens of thousands of years。故应用过去完成时态或者过去完成进行时态；又因动作发生在过去，强调过去发生的动作，也可用一般过去时。故答案为lived/had lived/had been living。 四、动词时态语态分类通关 （一）单句填空（高考真题） 32 四、动词时态语态分类通关 （二）动词时态语态助力应用文写作升格 书面表达升级：根据提示翻译下列各句。 1. (2024课标I卷) 我们的任务是画一些给我们印象最深的东西。 1. We were tasked to draw or paint something that impressed us most. 2. (2024课标I卷) 总之，这不仅仅是一堂艺术课；这是我真正珍惜的与大自然相连的时刻。 2. In a word, It was not just an art class; it was a moment of connection with nature that I truly cherished. 33 四、动词时态语态分类通关 （二）动词时态语态助力应用文写作升格 书面表达升级：根据提示翻译下列各句。 3. (2023全国甲卷) 孔子游历全国，把自己的智慧传授给无数弟子，给中国社会留下了深刻的影响。 3. Confucius traveled throughout the country, imparting his wisdom to countless disciples and leaving a profound impact on Chinese society. 4. (2023全国乙卷) 当我上小学的时候，我有机会参加学校举办的音乐比赛。 4. When I was in my primary school, I had an opportunity to attend a musical contest held in my school. 34 四、动词时态语态分类通关 （二）动词时态语态助力应用文写作升格 书面表达升级：根据提示翻译下列各句。 5. (2023全国乙卷) 那是我第一次观看现场音乐表演。 5. That was the first time I had watched a live musical performance. 6. (2022全国乙卷) 总之，我们早该采取措施来保护海洋。 6. All in all, it is high time that we took measures to protect the oceans. 35 四、动词时态语态分类通关 （二）动词时态语态助力应用文写作升格 书面表达升级：根据提示翻译下列各句。 7. (2022新高考I卷) Talk and Talk栏目成立十年了。 7. It is ten years since Talk and Talk was established. 8. (2021全国I卷) 上个月我考试不及格情绪低落，她轻拍我的肩膀给我巨大鼓励。 8. When I failed the exam last month and was in low spirits, she patted me gently on the shoulder and gave me great encouragement. 36 四、动词时态语态分类通关 （二）动词时态语态助力应用文写作升格 书面表达升级：根据提示翻译下列各句。 9. (2021全国II卷) 上周末学生会组织一群志愿者去希望农场帮助农民采摘桃子。 9. Organized by the Student Union, a group of volunteers went to Hope Farm to help the farmers pick peaches last weekend. 10. (2021新高考I卷) 这个活动受到高度评价，因为他给我们提供锻炼机会，还能让我们更合作。 10. The activity was highly spoken of, because not only did it provide a chance for us to exercise, but also made us more cooperative. 37 四、动词时态语态分类通关 （三）动词时态语态助力读后续写升格 书面表达升级：根据提示翻译下列各句。 1. (2024课标I卷) 我又向他露出抱歉的微笑，恳求他延期付款。 1. Flashing him another apologetic smile, I begged him for a delayed payment. 2. (2024课标I卷) 我坚定地和他握手，然后跳下车，疯狂地向公共汽车跑去，在公共汽车出发前跳上了公共汽车。 2. Giving him a firm handshake, I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the bus, and jumped onto it just before its departure. 38 四、动词时态语态分类通关 （三）动词时态语态助力读后续写升格 书面表达升级：根据提示翻译下列各句。 3. (2024课标I卷) 我告诉他，多亏了他的慷慨和及时的帮助，一切都很顺利。 3. I told him that thanks to his generosity and timely help, everything had gone smoothly. 4. (2024课标I卷) 我还送给他一件我在布拉格买的很有吸引力的纪念品，他欣然接受了。 4. I also gave him an attractive souvenir I had bought at Prague, which he accepted with delight. 39 四、动词时态语态分类通关 （三）动词时态语态助力读后续写升格 书面表达升级：根据提示翻译下列各句。 5. (2024浙江1月卷) 老师注意到了她的努力，称赞了她的创新思维。 5. Her efforts were noticed by the teacher, who praised her innovative thinking. 6. (2024浙江1月卷) 她每走一步，都给那些追随她的人留下了灵感的遗产。 6. And with each step she took, she left behind a legacy of inspiration for those who followed in her footsteps. 40 四、动词时态语态分类通关 （三）动词时态语态助力读后续写升格 书面表达升级：根据提示翻译下列各句。 7. (2023课标I卷) 我被告知我在写作比赛中获得了一等奖，两天后将有颁奖典礼。 7. I was informed that I won the first prize in the writing contest and that there would be an award presentation in two days. 8. (2023课标I卷) 当我被邀请上台领奖时，我对我的老师表示感谢。 8. When I was invited to the stage to receive the award, I expressed my thanks to my teacher. 41 四、动词时态语态分类通关 （三）动词时态语态助力读后续写升格 书面表达升级：根据提示翻译下列各句。 9. (2023课标I卷) 颁奖典礼结束后，我去了老师的办公室。我的老师在等我。 9. I went to my teacher’s office after the award presentation. My teacher was waiting for me. 10. (2023浙江1月卷) 当我爬上车开车离开时，我知道我会永远珍惜我们共同的回忆。 10. I knew that I would always cherish the memories we shared as I climbed into my car and drove away. 42 Camping becomes new trend in rural tourism 野营正成为乡村旅游新时尚 四、动词时态语态分类通关 （四）语法填空（外刊原创） With modern people's desire to get close to nature, camping has become a popular leisure activity, 1 further fuels rural tourism. 43 Camping becomes new trend in rural tourism 野营正成为乡村旅游新时尚 四、动词时态语态分类通关 （四）语法填空（外刊原创） Setting up a tent, barbecuing, drinking tea and chatting — people seem 2 (find) the most relaxing way to spend their weekends. "During the three-day Dragon Boat Festival holiday, our campsite received over 1,400 visitors, and our more than 200 tents were 3 short supply", said a manager from the Majia River Scenic Area in Guanxian county, Shandong province. During the recent holiday, Guanxian county 4 (welcome) 63,000 tourists. In recent years, Guanxian county 5 (attract) many tourists due to its unique geographical advantages and beautiful natural scenery. However, alongside the boom in rural tourism, the county also faces issues such as severe homogeneity of tourism products and a 6 (short) of accommodations in scenic areas during peak seasons. 44 Camping becomes new trend in rural tourism 野营正成为乡村旅游新时尚 四、动词时态语态分类通关 （四）语法填空（外刊原创） "After conducting market research and considering the actual development situations, we have decided to use the camping economy as the key to 'breaking the mold' in the rural tourism industry", said Liu Xiaojing, 7 propaganda minister of the county. By enriching the 'camping+' scenarios and related businesses, the county aims 8 (integrate) ecological sightseeing, family 9 (gather) and leisure sports into camping economy. This approach bonds with the travel needs of young consumers 10 helps ease the accommodation supply in scenic areas during peak seasons. 【参考答案】 1. which 2. to have found 3. in 4. welcomed 5. has attracted 6. shortage 7. the 8. to integrate 9. gatherings 10. and 45 谢谢观看 GRAMMAR SUMMARY 46 $$